scholarly journals Cranial osteology of the pampathere Holmesina floridanus (Xenarthra: Cingulata; Blancan NALMA), including a description of an isolated petrosal bone

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Gaudin ◽  
Lauren M. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The present study entails descriptions of several well-preserved skulls from the pampathere species Holmesina floridanus, recovered from Pliocene localities in central Florida and housed in the collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History. Bone by bone descriptions have allowed detailed reconstructions of cranial morphology. Cranial foramina are described and illustrated in detail, and their contents inferred. The first ever description of an isolated pampathere petrosal is also included. Cranial osteology of Holmesina floridanus is compared to that of Pleistocene species of Holmesina from both North and South America (Holmesina septentrionalis, Holmesina occidentalis), as well as to the other well-known pampathere genera, to closely related taxa among glyptodonts (Propalaehoplophorus), and to extinct and extant armadillos (Proeutatus, Euphractus). This study identifies a suite of apomorphic cranial features that serve to diagnose a putative, progressive series of more inclusive monophyletic groups, including the species Holmesina floridanus, the genus Holmesina, pampatheres, pampatheres plus glyptodonts, and a clade formed by pampatheres, glyptodonts, and Proeutatus. The study highlights the need for further anatomical investigations of pampathere cranial anatomy, especially those using modern scanning technology, and for analyses of pampathere phylogenetic relationships.

CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDIES ON NEW WORLD ANEMONE (SECTION ERIOCEPHALUS) WITH WOODY ROOTSTOCKS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boraiah ◽  
Margaret Heimburger
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
New World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marker Chromosomes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

New World taxa of Anemone L. (section Eriocephalus Hook. f. & Thoms.) with woody rootstocks have few morphological differences on which to delimit species. With the aid of data from cytological, distributional, and hybridization studies, the following species with ternate leaves could be recognized: A. multiceps (Greene) Standl., A. multifida Poir., 2n 32, A. tetonensis Porter, 2n 32, A. stylosa Nelson, 2n 32. A. drummondii S. wats., 2n 32, and A. lithophila Rydb., 2n 48, are complexes with two or more taxa in each. All these taxa except A. multifida are restricted in distribution to the Rocky Mountains. A. multifida is a morphologically variable but cytologically homogeneous species widely distributed in both North and South America. The remaining taxa have biternate leaves and are sparingly represented in herbaria by specimens from widely separated localities. Their status has not been determined. A collection from Mt. Rainier, Wash., is diploid and one from Kittitas Co., Wash., is tetraploid.Karyotype studies indicate a close relationship among the tetraploids, A. multifida, A. tetonensis, and A. stylosa, all of which have one set of large and one set of small chromosomes. The other taxa have sets of small chromosomes only. Affinities among taxa in the A. lithophila and A. drummondii. complexes are suggested by the sharing of distinctive marker chromosomes. The European alpine A. baldensis L., 2n 16, is not related to the ternate-leaved taxa of the above complexes but a relationship with the biternate-leaved taxa may possibly exist.

Diagnostics and updated catalogue of Acalyptris Meyrick, the second largest genus of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) in the Americas

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4748 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-247
Author(s):  
JONAS R. STONIS ◽  
ARŪNAS DIŠKUS ◽  
ARŪNAS DIŠKUS ◽  
ANDRIUS REMEIKIS ◽  
SERGIO A. VARGAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

We list all 56 currently known Acalyptris Meyrick species from North and South America, designate five new species groups, and provide pictorial diagnostics for all nine revised species groups of the American fauna. We describe seven new species: A. marmor Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., A. barbudo Stonis & Remeikis, sp. nov., A. jareki Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., A. hilli Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., A. mortalis Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. hyacinthum Stonis & Vargas, sp. nov., and A. extremus Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov. We provide new data on morphology, biology or distribution for the following species: A. murex Diškus & Stonis, A. hispidus Puplesis & Robinson, A. trifidus Puplesis & Robinson, A. bifidus Puplesis & Robinson, A. terrificus Šimkevičiūtė & Stonis, and particularly A. yucatani Remeikis & Stonis. We transfer Fomoria miranda Diškus & Stonis to Acalyptris and provide the first photographic documentation of A. novenarius Puplesis & Robinson, A. fortis Puplesis & Robinson, A. martinheringi Puplesis & Robinson, A. basihastatus Puplesis & Diškus, A. pseudohastatus Puplesis & Diškus, A. articulosus Puplesis & Diškus, A. bovicorneus Puplesis & Diškus, and A. insolentis Puplesis & Diškus. We also comment on the re-deposition of some type series to the collection of the Zoological Museum of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen. 

THE GENUS CLASTOPTERA (CERCOPIDAE)

1927 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
South America ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The members of this genus are all small and globose and are easily separated from other Cercopidae, but here the easy part abruptly ends. The varieties are widely variable in size, form and color, ranging in most species from large pale forms through spotted, striped and variously ornamented ones on down through coppery and bronzy shades to small black forms at the other extreme. The representatives of this group are distributed through North and South America where some 68 or 70 different forms have been named. All of the earlier ones and most of those of later date have been founded on size and color markings alone, which vary with the sex, the food plant, the environment and in some cases at least with the season. Under the circumstances it is manifestly impossible to determine the number of species involved or to work out a stable nomenclature until extended collection and careful life history has been done in the areas involved.

UX and E-Commerce

2021 ◽  
pp. 316-352
Author(s):  
Silvia Carter
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
South America ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

E-commerce is expected to see considerable growth in the next years anywhere all over the world. A trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19. To succeed in this increasingly global and increasingly competitive landscape, e-commerce companies need to attract more and more traffic, the condition for getting clients. The questions “How important is UX for increasing the e-commerce sales?” and “Do geography and culture impact the UX performance?” are therefore essential. This chapter on the one hand analyzes the specific e-commerce UX elements and dimensions, and on the other hand compares strengths and weaknesses in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America to find UX international best practices. Keywords: Ecommerce, Online Sales, Cross-Border, International, Marketplaces, Geo-Cultural Adaptation, Ux Elements, Ux Dimensions, Worldwide, Global

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