Studies on Effects of Forest Sprayings with Insecticides, 1952–63, on Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates in New Brunswick Streams: Introduction and Summary

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Kerswill
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
History Of

This introduces a series of papers on fisheries studies associated with operational and experimental forest spraying, mainly with DDT-in-oil insecticide. It outlines: (a) the history of the spray program developed to counteract an outbreak of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) in New Brunswick; (b) administrative arrangements for developing and coordinating a reasonable research and management program concerning the affected fisheries, mainly for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); (c) highlights of field and laboratory studies on effects of insecticide sprayings on caged young salmon and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), on aquatic insect production, on feeding habits of native young salmon, and on population levels of young salmon.

Emergence, population densities, and growth of salmon and trout fry in two New Brunswick streams

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2239-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Catch Rates

Postemergent downstream dispersal of Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar) was monitored using drift samplers during spring 1978 in two Miramichi River, N.B., tributaries. Catch rates of salmon fry peaked during the 2nd and 3rd weeks of June in both streams, coinciding with peak emergence of the salmon from the gravel. Very few trout fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) were captured in the drift nets, but electrofishing results indicated trout emergence preceded salmon by about 3 weeks.The earlier emergence of the trout gave them an early growth advantage over the salmon, so that trout fry were usually larger than salmon fry inhabiting the same stream areas. Early growth rates of both salmon and trout were quite varied among four stream sites during 2 years when growth was monitored; growth differences were discussed in relation to stream temperatures and density-dependent growth. Salmon fry were more abundant than trout fry at most sites in both years.

Dead wood dynamics in declining balsam fir and spruce stands in New Brunswick, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Taylor ◽  
David A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
History Of

Forest management prescriptions increasingly incorporate snag and downed dead wood (DDW) guidelines. This study utilizes permanent inventory plots to determine dead wood dynamics in 33 balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) – spruce ( Picea spp.) (BFSP) and 17 spruce – balsam fir (SPBF) stands in New Brunswick, Canada. Stands were declining, unmanaged, and had a history of recurrent spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks and aerial insecticide spraying. Fixed-area sampling matched remnants of 1165 dead trees and 864 corresponding pieces of DDW to plot trees that died over the last 15–18 years with known year and cause of death. Declining BFSP stands had the highest accumulation of dead wood (196 m3/ha) compared with SPBF and nondeclining BFSP (122 m3/ha and 77 m3/ha, respectively). Dead wood dynamics were influenced by cause of death, as a function of differences in tree height at death affecting snag decay, fragmentation, and fall. One-half of all dead trees never made a significant contribution to the snag population (25% uprooted and 25% stem breakage), and attrition resulted in only 50% of snags standing with a mean height of 6 m 15–20 years after death. This study will be of direct value to those managing or modeling dead wood dynamics in similar forests.

Life History of Lepeophtheirus salmonis

1942 ◽  
Vol 6a (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. White
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females

Heavy infestations of this copepod in various developmental stages occur on Salmo salar and Salvelinus fontinalis at Moser River, N.S. Males and females occur in about equal numbers. Metanauplius and chalimus stages were present on the fins of the hosts. The male and four of the developmental stages are described and figures given. The parasite feeds on the skin of its host.

BIOLOGY OF TACHINAEPHAGUS ZEALANDICUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), PARASITOID OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Olton ◽  
E. F. Legner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parasitoid Development

AbstractThe synonymy, distribution, host range, and life history of the gregarious larval–pupal parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, is discussed. Laboratory studies of its biology were conducted at 25° ± 2 °C using Musca domestica L. as host. Its developmental stages are described. Under laboratory conditions its life cycle lasted 23–27 days. Parasitoid development accelerated with higher average densities per host. Single standardized hosts produced 3–18 adult parasitoids. Mated females provided with hosts lived 50.4–67.2 h. The average length of the reproductive period and number of hosts parasitized were independent of host density; however, the average number of eggs deposited per host increased at lower host densities. Adult emergence displayed circadian rhythmicity independent of photoperiod over 3+ days.

Parasites of Freshwater and Anadromous Fishes from Matamek River System, Quebec

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hanek ◽  
Kalman Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
River System ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Apeltes Quadracus ◽  
Catostomus Catostomus

In 224 fish of nine species from Matamek River system 38 genera of parasites were recovered (12 Protozoa, 3 Monogenea, 6 Digenea, 6 Cestoda, 6 Nematoda, 2 Acanthocephala, 3 Copepoda). Six genera of parasites were noted in Salmo salar, Salvelinus fontinalis harbored 17 genera, S. alpinus 5 genera, Osmerus mordax 4 genera, Anguilla rostrata 9 genera, Catostomus catostomus 8 genera, Apeltes quadracus 1 genus, Gasterosteus aculeatus 12 genera, and Pungitius pungitius 9 genera.

scholarly journals Some notes on a historical perspective of panic disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Egidio Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Greek Mythology ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article aims to describe important points in the history of panic disorder concept, as well as to highlight the importance of its diagnosis for clinical and research developments. Panic disorder has been described in several literary reports and folklore. One of the oldest examples lies in Greek mythology - the god Pan, responsible for the term panic. The first half of the 19th century witnessed the culmination of medical approach. During the second half of the 19th century came the psychological approach of anxiety. The 20th century associated panic disorder to hereditary, organic and psychological factors, dividing anxiety into simple and phobic anxious states. Therapeutic development was also observed in psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic fields. Official classifications began to include panic disorder as a category since the third edition of the American Classification Manual (1980). Some biological theories dealing with etiology were widely discussed during the last decades of the 20th century. They were based on laboratory studies of physiological, cognitive and biochemical tests, as the false suffocation alarm theory and the fear network. Such theories were important in creating new diagnostic paradigms to modern psychiatry. That suggests the need to consider a wide range of historical variables to understand how particular features for panic disorder diagnosis have been developed and how treatment has emerged.

Relationship of upstream migrating adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and stream discharge within Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C Mitchell ◽  
Richard A Cunjak
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
River System ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Adult Abundance

Stream discharge has long been associated with abundance of returning adult spawning salmonids to streams and may also affect body size distribution of adult salmon as low flows interfere with returns of larger-bodied fish. We examined these relationships of abundance and body size within Catamaran Brook, a third-order tributary to the Miramichi River system of New Brunswick, Canada, to investigate the causes of a declining trend in annual returns of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to this stream. Regression models of adult abundance, proportion of the run as grilse, and body size of returning adults as functions of maximum daily stream discharge during the period of upstream spawner migration were constructed. Adult abundance shows a logarithmic relationship with stream discharge and provides good predictive ability, while appearing to not be significantly related to adult abundance in the larger Miramichi system. The proportion as grilse in the run and female body size are also logarithmically related to stream discharge, with low flow years being very influential in the regressions. These relationships of Atlantic salmon population abundance and body size characteristics have implications with respect to stock integrity and production of the following generation.

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