Some Haematological Responses to Sublethal Thermal Shock in the Goldfish, Carassius auratus L.

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Ward Falkner ◽  
A. H. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Red cell numbers and haematocrit values were notable principally for their constancy during a 10-day experimental period following the exposure of goldfish acclimated to 20 C to an abrupt increase of 10 C in environmental temperature. Mean erythrocytic volume underwent a transient decrease while total blood iron (and presumably haemoglobin) and mean erythrocytic iron content fell slightly during the latter portion of the period of observation. Goldfish maintained at 5 C were typically characterized by two haemoglobin polymorphs, a third fraction being commonly found in animals acclimated at 12, 20, and 30 C. The observations are discussed in relation to the respiratory acclimation of this species to increases in environmental temperature.

Induction of anemia in goldfish, Carassius auratus L., by immersion in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Houston ◽  
A. Murad ◽  
J. D. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride ◽  
Heavy Mortality ◽  
Regulatory Dysfunction

Immersion of goldfish, Carassius auratus, in 1 mg∙L−1 phenylhydrazine hydrochloride at 5 °C for 48 h led to reductions of 90–95% in hemoglobin and hematocrit within 10–14 days. Under similar conditions, 96-h exposures prompted heavy mortality. Fewer mortalities occurred after 24-h exposure periods; however, only modest reductions in O2-carrying capacity were seen. All higher concentration (2, 5, 10, 50 mg∙L−1) and temperature (10, 15, 20 °C) combinations led to complete mortality within 12–96 h regardless of exposure period (24, 48, 96 h). Exposure to phenylhydrazine hydrochloride caused decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit, changes in the abundances of specific hemoglobin isomorphs, and the transient appearance of novel hemoglobin mobilities as well as evidence of osmo- and iono-regulatory dysfunction. Slow warming to 20 °C prompted red cell proliferation and hemoglobin synthesis and restoration of typical hemoglobin isomorph abundances. Incidence of transfer stresses was monitored by reference to differential leucocyte counts. Transfer led to lymphopenia and thrombopenia with neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Warming was accompanied by increases in lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts and reductions in those of monocytes and all granulocytes.

Division of goldfish erythrocytes in circulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2190-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmal Murad ◽  
Susan Everill ◽  
Arthur Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Division Process

Erythrocyte division occurs in the blood of goldfish, Carassius auratus L., and is particularly prominent during response to respiratory stresses. The process involves nuclear elongation followed by cellular elongation, central constriction, and attenuation culminating in cell separation. Cytomorphic criteria developed in an earlier study of red cell maturation in this species suggest that the process is restricted to juvenile cells: those possessing the organelles required for hemoglobin synthesis. Consistent with this, but in distinct contrast to mature erythrocytes, dividing cells resemble juvenile cells in their incorporation of 55Fe. This is subsequently detectable by autoradiography in hemoglobin electropherograms. Immuno-fluorescent antibody probes for tubulin and actin revealed an ordered sequence of cytoskeletal changes during the division process. However, the nuclei of dividing cells do not take up [3H]thymidine, and although colchicine and nocodazole treatment led to the appearance of metaphase figures in pronephric and splenic erythroid cells, these were not evident in dividing cells. The nature and possible significance of the process are discussed.

Immediate response of the hemoglobin system of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, to temperature change

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Houston ◽  
R. Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cycling Temperature

Goldfish acclimated to 3 and 23 °C were characterized by two- and three-component hemoglobin systems, respectively. After acclimation to a diurnally cycling temperature regime (~3 to ~23 °C), specimens sampled at ~23 °C and ~3 °C were identical in terms of hemoglobin system complexity with those held at equivalent constant temperatures. Abrupt transfer of fish acclimated at constant 23 °C to 3 °C, and vice versa, lead to appearance or disappearance of the minor component, G.1, within 3 h. In vitro cooling and warming of whole blood and hemolyzate samples indicated that hemoglobin system modification occurred under cell-free as well as cell-intact conditions. These observations suggest that previously observed quantitative variations in the hemoglobin systems of thermally acclimated teleosts may represent, in part at least, altered aggregation of preexisting subunits rather than de novo hemoglobin synthesis and raise the possibility that teleostean hemoglobin systems may possess a capacity for rapid, adaptative reorganization after environmental temperature variation.

Temperature-Related Changes in the Erythrocytic Carbonic Anhydrase (Acetazolamide-Sensitive Esterase) Activity of Goldfish, Carassius Auratus

1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
ARTHUR H. HOUSTON ◽  
KAREN M. MEAROW
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Species Activity ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
Stable Plasma

1. Carbonic anhydrase activity in ‘membrane’ and ‘cytosol’ fractions of goldfish erythrocytes was assayed by the p-nitrophenyl acetate procedure following thermal acclimation. 2. The thermal sensitivity of ‘membrane’-associated activity was apparently unaltered by acclimation. ‘Cytosol’ activity in warm-acclimated specimens was somewhat more thermosensitive than that of animals maintained at low temperature. 3. Significant increases in specific activity, and activity per unit volume of packed cells and blood were observed at higher temperatures when assays were conducted at the temperatures at which the system actually functions in the fish. By contrast, when determinations were carried out at a standard temperature (41 °C) corresponding to the upper incipient lethal for this species, activity was either unaffected, or declined as acclimation temperatures increased. 4. Changes in carbonic anhydrase activity following acclimation are consistent with the hypothesis that this system is implicated in the maintenance of stable plasma chloride levels, and the suggestion that alterations in red cell chloride levels with temperature are, in part at least, attributable to concomitant variations in enzyme activity.

Erythrodynamics in fish: recovery of the goldfish Carassius auratus from acute anemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Houston ◽  
Ajmal Murad
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity ◽  
Cell Breakdown

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were rendered anemic through immersion in phenylhydrazine∙HCl, a cohort of [3H]thymidine-labelled erythrocytes was established, and recovery followed over a 234-d period. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) levels increased in biphasic fashion during recovery, rapid increases to plateau values being followed by more modest increases to levels equalling those observed prior to treatment. During the initial rapid phase of response, increased ventilatory and cardiovascular activities probably compensated for deficits in oxygen-carrying capacity but, by elevating blood O2 tension, may have suppressed erythropoiesis. Continuing slow increases in RBC, Hb, and Hct may point to some as yet unidentified alternative mechanism for stimulating red cell formation. During maturation, mean erythrocytic volume decreased, while mean erythrocytic hemoglobin level increased. Cycles of division of circulating juvenile erythrocytes occurred at roughly 56-d intervals, but did not appear to play a major role in elevating blood O2-carrying capacity. Division and karyorrhexis or cell breakdown were loosely correlated. Under the conditions employed, red cell half-life was approximately 80 d.

Thermoacclimatory hematological response: Have we been using appropriate conditions and assessment methods?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Houston ◽  
M. Pilar Schrapp
Keyword(s):  
Sine Wave ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hematological Response ◽  
Wave Cycle ◽  
Response To Environmental Change

Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) were acclimated to three types of thermal regime: constant temperature (12, 28 °C), a diurnal sine-wave cycle (20 ± 8 °C), and a randomly fluctuating pattern of ±2 °C changes at 2-h intervals between 12 and 28 °C. Assessment of hematological response was based on determination of total red cell numbers and hematocrit values, and through characterization of circulating red cell populations in terms of absolute and relative abundances of juvenile, developing, mature, Trypan Blue-positive, karyorrhectic, dividing, and tailed or recently divided cells. While no significant differences in cell counts were observed, cell population composition was markedly affected by temperature regime. Variation during acclimation, particularly when this resembled that likely to be experienced under natural circumstances, was associated with significantly increased numbers of juvenile and developing cells, and thus with increased potential for reorganization of hemoglobin isomorph systems. The converse was true of mature cell abundances; these varied inversely with temperature and were significantly reduced under varying temperature conditions. It is concluded that studies involving constant acclimation temperatures are unlikely to provide valid information regarding functional hematological status, in this species at least. It is also concluded that the primary hematological indices and their derivatives (red cell numbers, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean erythrocytic volume, and hemoglobin) commonly used to monitor hematological response to environmental change are insufficiently sensitive for the purpose.

scholarly journals Growth performance of goldfish, Carassius auratus and basil, Ocimum basilicum in media bed aquaponics

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Patil ◽  
K. Dube ◽  
A.K. Verma ◽  
N.K. Chadha ◽  
J.K. Sundaray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Height Gain

An experiment of 36 days duration was conducted to study growth performance of goldfish Carassius auratus and basil Ocimum basilicum reared in a media bed aquaponic system. Goldfish fry (3.32 ± 0.45 g and 4.20 ± 0.39 cm) were stocked in rectangular 75 l capacity (water volume of 50 l) plastic tanks at three different stocking densities viz., 500 m-3 (T1), 600 m-3 (T2) and 700 m-3 (T3), respectively and basil plants were planted at a density of 20 m-2, i.e., 10 plants 0.44 m-2 in the rectangular plastic tanks filled with crushed stone media. The goldfish fry were fed with artificial feed (33% protein) at 5% of body weight in equal proportions, two times a day. Control (C) group was set with only basil plants. Growth parameters of goldfish such as length gain (%), weight gain (%) and specific growth rate (% d-1) were significantly higher in T3 (p<0.05) as compared to T1 and T2. However, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not differ between treatments. Similarly, basil plant growth in terms of height gain (%) and leaves yield (nos. plant-1) were found to be highest in T3 which was significantly different from T1, T2 and control (C). Throughout the experimental period, values of water parameters in all the treatments were found to be in favourable ranges. From the results of the present study, it could be concluded that for maintaining good water quality with highest production in media bed aquaponics, the optimum stocking density is 700 m-3 for goldfish fry and 10 plants per 0.44 m2 for basil plants.

Cadmium Inhibition of Erythropoiesis in Goldfish, Carassius auratus

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1829-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Houston ◽  
J. E. Keen
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Lethal Level ◽  
Recovery Times

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) maintained on a highly nutritional diet under normoxic circumstances at 25 °C in soft water had mean half-recovery times of 22.5 h (hemoglobin) and 21.0 h (hematocrit) following anemia induced with phenylhydrazine HCl. Corresponding values for fish exposed under similar conditions to 1, 5, 15, and 25% of the softwater 240-h cadmium LC50 were 41.9, 53.1, 164.8, and 344.3 h (hemoglobin) and 44.7, 46.5, 348.9, and 263.2 h (hematocrit), respectively. We suggest that whereas cadmium has relatively little effect upon circulating erythrocytes, it seriously impedes red cell formation and hemoglobin synthesis at concentrations well below the acutely lethal level.

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