Rancidity in Lean Fish Muscle.: II. Anatomical and Seasonal Variations

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
Jill MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Lean Fish

In a study of copper-catalyzed rancidity of cod fillets it has been found that: (1) muscle from the tail section goes rancid faster than muscle from the head or centre sections; (2) there is no apparent difference in the development of rancidity in the inner and outer halves of fillets that have been sliced lengthwise; and (3) sensitivity to rancidity changes with the season and is greater in the winter and early spring than in the summer and fall.

TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE OF GOLDFISH MAINTAINED UNDER CONTROLLED PHOTOPERIODS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Hoar ◽  
G. Beth Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Sudden Temperature Change

Goldfish maintained under controlled photoperiods for 6 weeks or longer were relatively more resistant to a sudden elevation in temperature when the daily photoperiods had been long (16 hours) and relatively more resistant to sudden chilling when they had been short (8 hours). The magnitude of the effect varied with the season. Thyroid activity was slightly greater in fish maintained under the shorter photoperiods. The longer photoperiods stimulated more rapid growth of ovaries during late winter and early spring. The endocrine system is considered a link in the chain of events regulating seasonal variations in resistance to sudden temperature change.

scholarly journals Determination of Chlorobiphenyls in Seal Blubber, Marine Sediment, and Fish: Interlaboratory Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob De Boer ◽  
Jaap Van Der Meer ◽  
Udo A Th Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Lean Fish ◽  
Seal Blubber Oil

Abstract Between 1988 and 1994, the International Councilfor the Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the Oslo and Paris Commissions organized a stepwise interlaboratory study for determination of chlorobiphenyls (CBs) inmarine media. The final parts of this study, in which 53 laboratories from 14 countries participated, focused on long-term precision, cleanup, and extraction. Calibration was controlled continuously by analysis of 10 CBs in an unknownsolution. Participants were requested toanalyze 3 CBs in a certified reference material fish oil (6 times); 10 CBs in cleaned and uncleaned marine sediment and seal blubber extracts; and 10 CBs in seal blubber oil, dried marine sediment, and wet, lean fish muscle tissue. The long-term precision study showed that, compared with earlier exercises in which only duplicate analyses were required, repeatability increased about 1.5-fold compared with reproducibility. The mean standard error for reproducibility of determination of 10 CBs in standard solutions improved from 1.22 to 1.15. The standard error improved from 1.36 to 1.28(without CBs 28 and 31) for seal blubberoil and from 1.36 to 1.22 for dried marine sediment. In seal blubber oil and dried marine sediment, the major CBs 118,138,153, and 180 can now bedetermined by thegroup of participating laboratories with a reproducibility of 1.5 (about 50%). No significant differences were found between results for cleaned-up and un cleaned extracts. No acceptable results could be obtained for determination ofCBs in lean fish muscle tissue. Biplots of principal component analyses are extremely helpful in evaluating the data generated by this type of study.

Seasonal variations in the component fatty acid distributions of the lipids of Balanus balanoides

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Gardner ◽  
J. P. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Component Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio ◽  
June July ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

A study has been made of the seasonal variations in the component acids of the lipid fractions of Balanus balanoides. The relative proportions of the polyenoic acids in the triglycerides drop sharply during the winter. They reach a minimum in the early spring and then gradually rise to a maximum in the late autumn. These changes are largely balanced by increases in the saturated acids, principally 16:0 and 18 :o.1 During the winter there is a marked decrease in the triglyceride to phospholipid ratio as the depot fats are mobilised as food reserves. The proportions of the polyethenoid acids in the phospholipids decline slowly during the winter and spring and attain their minimum in June-July. This fall is mainly counterbalanced by increases in the amounts of saturated acids, principally 14:0 and 16:0. It seems likely that the observed decreases in the polyenoic acids are brought about by selective utilization of these compounds as reserves during the winter when food is scarce and depot lipid has been depleted.

Seasonal variations of metal concentrations in periphyton and taxonomic composition of the algal community at a Yenisei River littoral site

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Anishchenko ◽  
Michail Gladyshev ◽  
Elena Kravchuk ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Iliada Gribovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Yenisei River ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Middle Stream ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe concentrations of metals K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co and Cr, in the water and periphyton (epilithic algal communities) were studied at a site in the middle stream of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) during three years using monthly sampling frequencies. Despite considerable seasonal variations in aquatic concentrations of some metals, there was no correlation between metal contents in the water and in periphyton. Seasonal concentration variations of some metals in periphyton were related to the species (taxonomic) composition of periphytic microalgae and cyanobacteria. Enhanced levels of Ni and Co in periphyton in late autumn, winter, and early spring were likely caused by the predominance of cyanobacteria in the periphytic community, and annual maximum levels of K in periphyton in late spring and early summer were attributed to the domination of Chlorophyta, primarily Ulothrix zonata.

502. The vitamin A potency of New Zealand butter

1953 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. R. McDowell ◽  
F. H. McDowall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Summer Grazing

Results of a survey of the carotene and vitamin A contents, and of the vitamin A potency, of New Zealand butterfat and butter, are presented. The butter samples were drawn from twenty representative commercial factories at fortnightly intervals over three successive years (1946–8). The survey covers the analysis of 1517 samples of fresh butter and 670 samples of stored butter.There were uniform and regularly recurring seasonal variations in both carotene and vitamin A contents of butterfats from all North Island districts. Maximum values were found in the late-autumn/winter/early-spring, and minimum values in the late-summer/early-autumn butterfats. The seasonal trends were thus distinctly different from those which have been reported for northern hemisphere butterfats, for which the maximum values are commonly found during the summer grazing period.The seasonal variations in carotene and vitamin A contents of South Island butterfat were less marked and less consistent than those in the corresponding values for North Island butterfat.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value and Contaminant Risk Assessment of Some Commercially Important Fishes and Crawfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
Raffaella Franceschini ◽  
Rossana Roila ◽  
Andrea Valiani ◽  
Ivan Pecorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Lean Fish ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Commercially Important

The aim of our study was to describe the balance between health benefits and risks associated with the consumption of crawfish and nine fish species from lake Trasimeno. We thus determined both fatty acid profiles (particularly, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids) and chemical pollutants (some polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, and heavy metals) in fish muscle tissues. The contents of all fatty acids varied significantly among species. Sand smelt, carp, and tench, which have a high fat content, contained considerable amounts of EPA and DHA; lean fish, like perch, pike, and largemouth bass, which have relatively high percentages of the predominant n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, showed lower amounts of these fatty acids because of their low lipid contents. Some species contributed strongly to the Dietary Reference Intake (RDI) of EPA and DHA. The contribution of lean fish to the RDI of EPA and DHA was more limited. The concentrations of all contaminants in fish muscle tissues were lower than the regulatory limits, demonstrating the safety of the environmental conditions of the lake. The contribution to health-based reference values and benefit–risk quotients indicated that the health benefits of consumption of fish from lake Trasimeno outweigh the potential risks.

Seasonal variations in forms of extractable sulfur in some New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Tan ◽  
RG Mclaren ◽  
KC Cameron
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Third ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

Seasonal variations in different forms of extractable sulfur (S) were examined in three New Zealand soils under permanent pasture. The concentrations of total extractable S, extractable inorganic sulfate-S (SO2-4-S), and extractable organic HI-reducible sulfur (HI-S) and carbon-bonded sulfur (C-S) were determined in field moist samples using four different extractants. During the course of the year, extractable SO2-4-S levels varied substantially. Concentrations of SO42--S in the soils peaked in the early spring and, for two of the soils, remained at relatively low levels throughout the rest of the year. The third soil, however, following a decrease in concentration in late spring, showed a continuous increase in SO2-4-S during the summer and autumn period. Concentrations of extractable organic C-S in soils were generally highest in the winter and declined significantly during the spring. Extractable organic HI-S concentrations fluctuated throughout the year with no clear trends. The proportions of the three forms of extractable S in soils also varied seasonally. The proportions of extractable organic HI-S in soils were more constant compared with the other two forms of S and generally accounted for less than 20% of the total extractable S. The seasonal changes in the proportions of SO2-4-S appeared to be inversely related to the changes in extractable C-S. This suggests that under the field conditions, the extractable organic C-S fraction is readily mineralized to sulfate when conditions are favourable for mineralization to take place.

Rancidity in Lean Fish Muscle.: I. A Proposed Accelerated Copper-Catalyzed Method for Evaluating the Tendency of Fish Muscle to Become Rancid

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1345-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill MacLean ◽  
C. H. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ion ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Lean Fish ◽  
Acid Reaction

A method that can be carried out within 24–72 hr is suggested for determining the tendency of fish muscle to become rancid. It consists of adding measured, trace amounts of copper ion to muscle that has been blended with water (1:3) followed by storage at 0 °C. Rancidity is observed subjectively by noting the odours that develop and objectively by means of the thiobarbituric acid reaction.

scholarly journals Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Concentration in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas around Tokyo

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Imasu ◽  
Yuka Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Site environments and instrumental characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements operated by local governments in the Kanto Plain, the center of which is Tokyo, were summarized for this study. The observation sites were classified into environments of three types: urban, suburban, and woodland. Based on a few decades of accumulated hourly data, the diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2 concentrations were analyzed as a composite of anomalies from annual means recorded for each site. In urban areas, the highest concentrations appear before midnight in winter. The second peak corresponds to the morning rush hour and the strengthening of the inversion layer. Suburban areas can be characterized as having the highest concentration before dawn and the lowest concentration during the daytime in summer in association with the activation of respiration and photosynthesis of vegetation. In these areas, concentration peaks also appear during the morning rush hour. Woodland areas show background features, with the highest concentration in early spring, which are higher than the global background by about 5 ppmv.

Rancidity in Lean Fish Muscle.: IV. Effect of Sodium Chloride and Other Salts

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
Jill MacLean ◽  
Barbara Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Lean Fish ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chelating Compounds

Sodium chloride accelerated rancidity in blended cod muscle at 0 C. This salt-induced rancidity was retarded by commercial antioxidants and chelating compounds. The active agent appeared to be the Na+rather than the whole salt or the Cl−.Other metal salts had similar pro-oxidant action on the cod muscle when used in relatively high concentrations (0.1 N and above). The relative activity, using metal chlorides, was as follows: Fe > Co > Cd > Li > Ni > Mg > Zn > Na > K. Ca and Ba had no effect.Many of these "pro-oxidant" salts also had a strong antioxidant effect on the development of copper-induced rancidity in the muscle.The relationship between TBA values and the type and intensity of odours is not the same for sodium chloride-induced and copper-induced rancidities. Some of the reasons for this have been discussed.It has been suggested that one mechanism by which sodium chloride influences the rate of lipid oxidation in the fish muscle is by the changes it produces in the accompanying proteins.

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