Annual Cyclic Changes in the Physical Oceanography of a British Columbia Fjord

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvern Gilmartin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Physical Oceanography ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Indian Arm (49°30′N, 122°53′W), one of the characteristic fjords of the coast of British Columbia, was intensively studied during 35 approximately monthly cruises during 1956 through 1959, with the main objective of determining the annual cycle of its oceanographic features. Unique in its duration of a British Columbia fjord study, this observational time series of the distributional patterns of salinity, temperature, density, dissolved oxygen and climate is presented, and used to analyze the circulation pattern and replenishment mechanism of fjord waters.

Deep water Exchanges in Bute Inlet, British Columbia

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Lafond ◽  
G. L. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Sill Depth

Bute Inlet is a fjord of the British Columbia mainland coast connected to the Strait of Georgia through Sutil Channel. The properties of the waters in the inlet were observed during a series of cruises from June 1972 to June 1974 with the main objective of determining the water exchange below the top 100 m.Vertical longitudinal sections and time-series plots of salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen distributions measured during the 2-yr survey were used to analyze the circulation patterns and renewal processes of the water below 100 m.Inflows of deep water from the Strait of Georgia into Bute occurred frequently during the study period, and took place when the water from the Strait of Georgia above the inlet sill depth was denser than the water in the basin of the inlet. Volumes of some inflows into Bute were estimated, and calculations indicate that inflow speeds could be large enough to be recorded by existing current meters. The renewal of the deep water in Bute Inlet basin appears to be basically consistent with the annual cycle of deepwater replacement in the Strait of Georgia with its year-to-year variations.

Trace-Acid Ion Content of Shallow Snow and Ice Cores from Mountain Sites in Western Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Holdsworth ◽  
H.R. Krouse ◽  
E. Peake
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Snow And Ice

An historical record of the deposition of common acids is contained in snow and ice cores taken from suitable sites in the accumulation zone of certain glaciers. Spatial and time-series data sets for trace-mineral acids have been obtained from snow-pit samples and ice cores from a number of mountain sites in Alberta, British Columbia, and the Northwest and Yukon Territories. In Alberta, it is possible to use temperate firn sites above 3460 m, although elution occurs during certain summers as indicated by isotopic and ionic data. This would also apply to sites of a similar latitude (52°±2°N) in British Columbia. In the Yukon Territory (≥60.5°N) reliable time series for the acid anions may be obtained from sites at altitudes above 3000 m. Elution provides a natural control for demonstrating that field sampling and subsequent analytical procedures do not introduce significant contamination. The Yukon data are compared with the net annual accumulation rate and with altitude. Recent data from the 5340 m Mt Logan site do not indicate any significant increase in natural background levels of snow acidity. Lightning, which is responsible for numerous forest fires in all provinces, is a possible natural source of nitric acid. Spring-summer peaks in nitrate concentration usually occur. In addition, forest-fire smoke may be a significant contributor to the mountain snow-pack chemistry in some years and must be considered when interpreting the Mt Logan core data. One Yukon profile seems to contain the signature from the 1986 Augustine volcanic eruption.

Using Time-Series Research Designs to Investigate the Effects of Instruction on SLA

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dean Mellow ◽  
Kenneth Reeder ◽  
Elizabeth Forster
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Unpublished Manuscript ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Oral Interaction

This paper argues that the study of second language acquisition theory and pedagogy can be enhanced through the use of time-series research designs. As quasi-experiments, time-series designs have features that improve internal validity. In addition, because these designs only require a small number of subjects, they are very practical, encouraging a greater number of empirical investigations of the many claims within the field and permitting the use of authentic measures that have high construct validity. The longitudinal nature of the designs also enhances construct validity, potentially yielding new insights into the effects of instruction on SLA. The designs utilized in two time-series studies (Kennedy, E., 1988, The Oral Interaction of Native Speakers and Non-Native Speakers in a Multicultural Preschool: A Comparison between Freeplay and Contrived NS/NSS Dyads, unpublished master's thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Mellow, J. D., 1996, April, A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Instruction on the Development of Article Use by Adult Japanese ESL Learners, unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia, Vancouver) are reviewed in order to illustrate the design features, the questions that may be investigated, and the issues that are raised in interpreting data.

scholarly journals Correlates of Certification Application Success in British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felice Martinello
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Labour Legislation

Time series data are used to estimate the effects of labour legislation, the political regime, and economie conditions on the proportion of certification applications granted. Applications filed with the British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba Labour Relations Boards (1951-92) are considered and analyzed separately. Changes in labour legislation haue the largest impact on certification application success in all three provinces. The political environment is estimated to be important in British Columbia, but not in Saskatchewan or Manitoba. Economic conditions affect certification success in Saskatchewan and to a lesser extent in British Columbia, but not in Manitoba. Large changes in economic conditions are estimated to have only small effects on the proportion of applications granted.

scholarly journals Atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the variability of River Ammer floods: evidence from observed and proxy data

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norel Rimbu ◽  
Markus Czymzik ◽  
Monica Ionita ◽  
Gerrit Lohmann ◽  
Achim Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Instrumental Period

Abstract. The relationship between the frequency of River Ammer floods (southern Germany) and atmospheric circulation variability is investigated based on observational Ammer River discharge data back to 1926 and a flood layer time series from varved sediments of the downstream Lake Ammer for the pre-instrumental period back to 1766. A composite analysis reveals that, at synoptic timescales, observed River Ammer floods are associated with enhanced moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean towards the Ammer region, a pronounced trough over western Europe as well as enhanced potential vorticity at upper levels. We argue that this synoptic-scale configuration can trigger heavy precipitation and floods in the Ammer region. Interannual to multidecadal increases in flood frequency, as detected in the instrumental discharge record, are associated with a wave train pattern extending from the North Atlantic to western Asia, with a prominent negative center over western Europe. A similar atmospheric circulation pattern is associated with increases in flood layer frequency in the Lake Ammer sediment record during the pre-instrumental period. We argue that the complete flood layer time series from Lake Ammer sediments covering the last 5500 years contains information about atmospheric circulation variability on interannual to millennial timescales.

scholarly journals Observation-Based Estimates of Global and Basin Ocean Meridional Heat Transport Time Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 4567-4583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Trenberth ◽  
Yongxin Zhang ◽  
John T. Fasullo ◽  
Lijing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Meridional Heat Transport ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Ocean meridional heat transports (MHTs) are deduced as a residual using energy budgets to produce latitude versus time series for the globe, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation is combined with the vertically integrated atmospheric energy divergence from atmospheric reanalyses to produce the net surface energy fluxes everywhere. The latter is then combined with estimates of the vertically integrated ocean heat content (OHC) tendency to produce estimates of the ocean heat divergence. Because seasonal sea ice and land runoff effects are not fully considered, the mean annual cycle is incomplete, but those effects are small for interannual variability. However, there is a mismatch between 12-month inferred surface flux and the corresponding OHC changes globally, requiring adjustments to account for the Earth’s global energy imbalance. Estimates are greatly improved by building in the constraint that MHT must go to zero at the northern and southern extents of the ocean basin at all times, enabling biases between the TOA and OHC data to be reconciled. Zonal mean global, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic basin ocean MHTs are computed and presented as 12-month running means and for the mean annual cycle for 2000–16. For the Indo-Pacific, the tropical and subtropical MHTs feature a strong relationship with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and in the Atlantic, MHT interannual variability is significantly affected by and likely influences the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, Atlantic and Pacific changes are linked, suggesting that the northern annular mode (as opposed to NAO) is predominant. There is also evidence of decadal variability or trends.

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