scholarly journals Impact of COVID‐19‐related public health measures on HCV testing in British Columbia, Canada: an interrupted time series analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawuena Binka ◽  
Sofia Bartlett ◽  
Héctor Alexander Velásquez García ◽  
Maryam Darvishian ◽  
Dahn Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Hcv Testing

scholarly journals The impact of city-wide deployment of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes on arboviral disease incidence in Medellín and Bello, Colombia: study protocol for an interrupted time-series analysis and a test-negative design study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Ivan D. Velez ◽  
Eduardo Santacruz ◽  
Simon C. Kutcher ◽  
Sandra L. Duque ◽  
Alexander Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Background: Dengue, chikungunya and Zika are viral infections transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and present major public health challenges in tropical regions. Traditional vector control methods have been ineffective at halting disease transmission. The World Mosquito Program has developed a novel approach to arbovirus control using Ae. aegypti stably transfected with the Wolbachia bacterium, which have significantly reduced ability to transmit dengue, Zika and chikungunya in laboratory experiments. Field releases in eight countries have demonstrated Wolbachia establishment in local Ae. aegypti populations. Methods: We describe a pragmatic approach to measuring the epidemiological impact of city-wide Wolbachia deployments in Bello and Medellín, Colombia. First, an interrupted time-series analysis will compare the incidence of dengue, chikungunya and Zika case notifications before and after Wolbachia releases, across the two municipalities. Second, a prospective case-control study using a test-negative design will be conducted in one quadrant of Medellín. Three of the six contiguous release zones in the case-control area were allocated to receive the first Wolbachia deployments in the city and three to be treated last, approximating a parallel two-arm trial for the >12-month period during which Wolbachia exposure remains discordant. Allocation, although non-random, aimed to maximise balance between arms in historical dengue incidence and demographics. Arboviral disease cases and arbovirus-negative controls will be enrolled concurrently from febrile patients presenting to primary care, with case/control status classified retrospectively following laboratory diagnostic testing. Intervention effect is estimated from an aggregate odds ratio comparing Wolbachia-exposure odds among test-positive cases versus test-negative controls. Discussion: The study findings will add to an accumulating body of evidence from global field sites on the efficacy of the Wolbachia method in reducing arboviral disease incidence, and can inform decisions on wider public health implementation of this intervention in the Americas and beyond. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03631719. Registered on 15 August 2018.

scholarly journals The impact of city-wide deployment of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes on arboviral disease incidence in Medellín and Bello, Colombia: study protocol for an interrupted time-series analysis and a test-negative design study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Ivan D. Velez ◽  
Eduardo Santacruz ◽  
Simon C. Kutcher ◽  
Sandra L. Duque ◽  
Alexander Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Background: Dengue, chikungunya and Zika are viral infections transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and present major public health challenges in tropical regions. Traditional vector control methods have been ineffective at halting disease transmission. The World Mosquito Program has developed a novel approach to arbovirus control using Ae. aegypti stably transfected with the Wolbachia bacterium, which have significantly reduced ability to transmit dengue, Zika and chikungunya in laboratory experiments. Field releases in eight countries have demonstrated Wolbachia establishment in local Ae. aegypti populations. Methods: We describe a pragmatic approach to measuring the epidemiological impact of city-wide Wolbachia deployments in Bello and Medellín, Colombia. First, an interrupted time-series analysis will compare the incidence of dengue, chikungunya and Zika case notifications before and after Wolbachia releases, across the two municipalities. Second, a prospective case-control study using a test-negative design will be conducted in one quadrant of Medellín. Three of the six contiguous release zones in the case-control area were allocated to receive the first Wolbachia deployments in the city and three to be treated last, approximating a parallel two-arm trial for the >12-month period during which Wolbachia exposure remains discordant. Allocation, although non-random, aimed to maximise balance between arms in historical dengue incidence and demographics. Arboviral disease cases and arbovirus-negative controls will be enrolled concurrently from febrile patients presenting to primary care, with case/control status classified retrospectively following laboratory diagnostic testing. Intervention effect is estimated from an aggregate odds ratio comparing Wolbachia-exposure odds among test-positive cases versus test-negative controls. Discussion: The study findings will add to an accumulating body of evidence from global field sites on the efficacy of the Wolbachia method in reducing arboviral disease incidence, and can inform decisions on wider public health implementation of this intervention in the Americas and beyond. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03631719. Registered on 15 August 2018.

scholarly journals Impact of a national guideline on use of knee arthroscopy: An interrupted time-series analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. G113-G118
Author(s):  
Ali Kiadaliri ◽  
Dan Bergkvist ◽  
Leif E Dahlberg ◽  
Martin Englund
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Series Analysis

Abstract Objective To assess the impact of the Swedish health authority recommendation against the use of knee arthroscopy in patients aged ≥40 years with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design Interrupted time series analysis. Setting Public health care in Skåne region. Participants Patients aged ≥40 years who underwent knee arthroscopy from January 2010 to December 2015. Intervention(s) National guideline’s recommendation against the use of knee arthroscopy in patients with knee OA. Main Outcome Measure(s) 1) proportion of patients aged ≥40 years with a main diagnosis of Knee OA and/or degenerative meniscal lesions (DML) who underwent knee arthroscopy, and 2) overall knee arthroscopy rate per 100,000 Skåne population aged ≥40 years. Results A total of 6,155 knee arthroscopy were performed among people aged ≥40 years during study period. Of 42,044 patients with Knee OA/DML, 3,728 had knee arthroscopy. The recommendation was associated with reductions in the use of knee arthroscopy and two years after the recommendation, there was a reduction of 28.6% (95% CI: 9.3, 47.8) and 34.7% (23.9, 45.4) in proportion of Knee OA/DML patients with knee arthroscopy and the overall knee arthroscopy rate, respectively, relative to that expected if pre-recommendation trend continued. Our sensitivity analysis showed that the use of total knee replacement was stable over the study period. Conclusion The national recommendation was associated with reduction in use of knee arthroscopy in public health care in southern Sweden. However, still 4.5% of these patients underwent knee arthroscopy in 2015 implying that more efforts are required to achieve the recommended target.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis notifications in Blantyre Malawi: an interrupted time series analysis and qualitative study with healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nzawa Soko ◽  
Rachael M Burke ◽  
Helena RA Feasey ◽  
Wakumanya Sibande ◽  
Marriott Nliwasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Women And Girls

AbstractCOVID-19 may impact on tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and care. We analysed a city-wide electronic TB register in Blantyre, Malawi and interviewed TB officers. Malawi had no official “lockdown” but closed schools and borders on 23-March 2020. In interrupted time series analysis, there was an immediate 35.9% reduction in TB notifications (95% CI 22.0 to 47.3%) in April, which recovered to near pre-pandemic numbers by December 2020, but with 333 (95% CI 291 to 375) fewer cumulative notifications than anticipated. Women and girls were impacted (30.7% fewer cases, 95% CI 28.4 to 33.0%) more than men and boys (20.9% fewer, 95% CI 18.5 to 23.3). Fear of COVID-19 infection, temporary facility closure, inadequate protective equipment and COVID-19 stigma with similar presenting symptoms to TB were mentioned. Public health measures could benefit both TB and COVID-19, but only if diagnostic services remain accessible and are considered safe to attend.

scholarly journals Evaluating a Real World Ban on Menthol Cigarettes: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of Sales

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chaiton ◽  
Robert Schwartz ◽  
Jennifer Shuldiner ◽  
Gabrielle Tremblay ◽  
Robert Nugent
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Health Canada

Abstract Background Menthol in cigarettes has been shown to increase regular cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence, and decrease success in smoking cessation. Owing to these reasons, in May 2015, the province of Ontario introduced a menthol ban on tobacco products that came into effect in January 2017 prior to a Federal Canadian Ban in October 2017. The objective of this article was to assess the effect of a provincial menthol ban on cigarette wholesale sales in Ontario. Methods Wholesale data submitted by tobacco manufacturers to Health Canada pursuant to the federal Tobacco Reporting Regulations from October 2012 to September 2017 were analyzed using interrupted time-series analysis. Changes in sales of cigarettes with and without menthol were estimated, using the province of British Columbia as a comparison. Analyses were seasonally adjusted. Results Sales of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes increased from 2013 until the implementation of the 2017 provincial ban. Subsequently, a sharp decline of 55 million menthol cigarettes and 128 million total cigarettes was observed in Ontario. As a comparison, no significant changes were observed in British Columbia. Conclusion This study supports the conclusion that implementation of a menthol ban in Ontario was associated with significant reduction of menthol cigarette sales and total cigarettes sales, compared to British Columbia where there was no provincial menthol ban. This suggests that menthol regulations in jurisdictions with a larger percentage of menthol smokers are likely to be highly effective. Implications The 2017 menthol ban was associated with significant reduction of menthol cigarette sales and total cigarette sales suggesting that menthol regulations will have important effects on cigarette consumption.

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