A Biometrical Study of the Kamloops Trout of Kootenay Lake, Salmo kamloops Jordan

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. McC. Mottley
Keyword(s):  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Kootenay Lake ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

A study was made on 216 specimens of Kamloops trout ranging from 10 cm. to 75 cm. in length obtained from the angling fishery of Kootenay lake and the spawning run in the Lardeau river. Twenty-four characters commonly used in the description and differentiation of the taxonomic groups of salmonoid fishes were investigated and a biometrical analysis of the differences due to size and sex is presented. The analysis of the data shows that the form of an individual undergoes consistent change; its form and the relative proportion of many body parts are probably the resultant of a number of factors which are intimately related with the rate of growth and the degree of sexual maturity. In many characters, e.g. the head proportions and body depth, the mature males differ appreciably from the females. The results indicate that the characters investigated must be used with caution in the taxonomic study of fishes. In comparing specimens of trout for taxonomic purposes individuals of the same size, age, sex and degree of maturity should be used if possible.

Benthic community populations near two adjacent northern pulpmill discharges

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Thomas ◽  
N. Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Community ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Spatial Confounding ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Pulp And Paper Effluent ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate Communities

Benthic invertebrate communities were investigated as part of the federal Environmental Effects Monitoring programs conducted as required by the amended Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations (PPER) of the federal Fisheries Act. A Refiner Mechanical (RMP) and larger Kraft pulpmill, both situated on a northern, BC reservoir, discharge secondary-treated effluent within 5 km of each other. Efforts to independently distinguish potential effects associated with these individual discharges were complicated by the proximity of the diffusers, their location within a complex ecological region of a reservoir, and the presence of temporal and spatial confounding influences. A comprehensive examination of the benthic community structure involved the combined assessment of several endpoints (total population numbers, relative proportion of taxonomic groups, and species richness). A tiered, spatial approach, based on a reservoir ecological model (Thornton et al., 1981), was adapted to assess and distinguish community structures and reservoir- and mill-related influences. Results suggested that effects associated with the two different mills could be distinguished based on subtle and distinct differences in benthic community profiles.

Variation during growth of twin cattle

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Taylor ◽  
Jean Craig
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Degree Of Maturity

Phenotypic variances within pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twin heifers and also genetic variances and heritabilities were calculated for 12 linear body measurements at a sequence of eight ages up to two years old. The 60 pairs of fraternal and 60 pairs of identical twins used were reared as part of a larger uniformity trial in which feeding was effectively ad libitum throughout.Size differences between members of DZ twin pairs were found to be approximately normally distributed with about the same variance for all breeds and crosses. The variance within DZ pairs increased strongly with age, with a marked increase between 9 and 12 months of age and with most body measurements showing a broadly similar trend. On a logarithmic scale DZ variances increased roughly linearly with degree of maturity and at about the same rate in each body measurement. Coefficients of variation within DZ pairs corrected for measuring error had an average value of 2%. They did not change greatly with age, and were roughly the same for most body measurements although width measurements tended to be more variable than average.Coefficients of variation within MZ pairs had a corresponding overall average of 1·4%; they declined rapidly with age from 2·0% to 1·1%, were roughly the same for all body measurements, but at early ages tended to be greater in late than in early maturing body parts. However, they showed no association with the earliness of maturing of a body part provided variation was measured at the same degree of maturity for each body part.Genetic variation increased rapidly with age in all body measurements. The rate of increase with age was greater for late than for early maturing parts. The rate of increase with degree of maturity, however, was about the same for all body measurements. Coefficients of genetic variation increased slowly with age; they had an average value of 1·6%.Estimates of heritability are given at a sequence of eight ages for each of 12 body measurements. They increased strongly with age from 0·14 on average at three months of age to 0·67 on average at two years of age. At any fixed age, early maturing body parts tended to have higher heritabilities than later maturing body parts. However, if heritability was measured at the same degree of maturity in each body part, early and late maturing parts had about equal heritabilities.The present results are compared with those obtained from twin cattle studies in New Zealand, Sweden and Wisconsin, U.S.A.Inferences from twins about genetic variances and heritabilities for unrelated animals are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Malaise trap spacing on species richness and composition of terrestrial arthropod bulk samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Steinke ◽  
TWA Braukmann ◽  
L Manerus ◽  
A Woodhouse ◽  
V Elbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
A Site ◽  
Malaise Traps

AbstractThe Malaise trap has gained popularity for assessing diverse terrestrial arthropod communities because it collects large samples with modest effort. A number of factors that influence collection efficiency, placement being one of them. For instance, when designing larger biotic surveys using arrays of Malaise traps we need to know the optimal distance between individual traps that maximises observable species richness and community composition. We examined the influence of spacing between Malaise traps by metabarcoding samples from two field experiments at a site in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. For one experiment, we used two trap pairs deployed at weekly increasing distance (3m increments from 3 to 27 m). The second experiment involved a total of 10 traps set up in a row at 3m distance intervals for three consecutive weeks.Results show that community similarity of samples decreases over distance between traps. The amount of species shared between trap pairs shows drops considerably at about 15m trap-to-trap distance. This change can be observed across all major taxonomic groups and for two different habitat types (grassland and forest). Large numbers of OTUs found only once within samples cause rather large dissimilarity between distance pairs even at close proximity. This could be caused by a large number of transient species from adjacent habitat which arrive at the trap through passive transport, as well as capture of rare taxa, which end up in different traps by chance.

scholarly journals Biometric study of the deep bodied mahseer Tor tor (Hamilton Buchanan) from Ujh River, Kathua (J&K)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bansal ◽  
Ankush Sharma ◽  
Ram Krishan ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Koshal Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
Tor Tor ◽  
External Body

Morphometric characters and meristic count of a fish, Tor tor (Hamilton Buchanan) have been studied from river Ujh, a tributary of river Ravi in District Kathua, (J&K). Collection of samples on monthly basis was conducted for the study of morphological characters of Tor tor. Present study shows some deviations with respect to few morphometric characters and meristic counts that have been aptly discussed in the following discussion. The positive correlation has been observed between total length and external body parts. The highly strong correlated body parameter in relation to total length is standard length (r = 0.98) and least correlated with eye diameter (r = 0.32) and the highly correlated external body part in relation to standard length is caudal length (r = 0.96) and least correlated part is eye diameter (r = 0.35) and also strong correlation was observed between head length and maximum body depth (r = 0.93) and least correlation between head length and eye diameter (r = 0.23). The correlation analysis shows that all the morphometric characters change proportionally with increase in the total length. These results act as baseline data on morphometry of Tor tor which helps in easy identification and will be beneficial for the development of conservational strategies of the natural stocks of Tor tor in river Ujh, Kathua (J&K).

scholarly journals PHENOTYPICAL CONSOLIDATION OF FIRSTBORN COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHINE DAIRY BREED OF DIFFERENT GENEALOGICAL FORMATIONS BY CONFORMATION TYPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Leontiі Khmelnychyi ◽  
Olha Anisimova ◽  
Ihor Kompanets ◽  
Dymytrii Lemeshko ◽  
Oleksandra Perekuta
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Type K ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Dairy Breed

The phenotypic consolidation of firstborn cows Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed of different lines by conformation type was studied. Cows were evaluated according to the method of linear classification in the herd of breeding farm PAE "Piskivs'ke" Bakhmatsky district of Chernihiv region. The degree of phenotypic consolidation of lines was determined by formulas of Yu. P. Polupan (2005). Regardless of the line representation, the highest degree of phenotypic consolidation was found in the set of traits that characterize udder with coefficients ranging from K = 0.200 (Inganse line) to K = 0.393 (Kevelie line). According to the complex of conformation traits that characterize expression of dairy type in cows, the best were consolidated daughter descendants of Inganse (K = 0.309) and Kevelie lines (K = 0.335). Offsprings of two pedigree lines Siteishn (K = 0.015) and R. Sovering (K = 0.049) have a low degree of phenotypic consolidation by set of dairy-type body parts. A similar situation in determining the degree of phenotypic consolidation was observed for a group of body parts characterizing body development. The best consolidated were animals Inganse (K = 0.267) and Kevelie (K = 0.395), and the worst - Siteshn (K = 0.048) and Valiant (K = 0.042) lines. According to the assessment of descriptive traits within studied lines, following body parts were distinguished by positive values of phenotypic consolidation coefficients : rump height (K = 0.127-273), body depth (K = 0.092-0.328), rear width (K = 0.033-0.363), front udder part attachment (K = 0.041-0.227), dairy type (K = 0.143-0.385), and negative - hooves condition (K = -0.264… -0.046). Analyzing the results of research, it can be argued that practical application of phenotypic consolidation coefficients as objective evaluation criteria will allow in the future to control consolidation of genealogical formations and other breeding groups of animals both by conformation type and another selection traits.

Telemonitoring System of Neurological Signs in a Health Telematique Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviu Folea ◽  
Camelia Avram ◽  
Sorin Vidican ◽  
Adina Astilean
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Design System ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Time Period

The paper presents a new, experimental, wireless tremor telemonitoring system composed of an optional variable number of portable devices integrating three-axis acceleration mini-sensors which are connected to very small dimensions acquisition systems with Wi-Fi transmission capabilities. The main advantages of the design system consist of the possibilities to monitor simultaneously many body parts of one or multiple subjects on local or more extended areas both for scheduled assessments and in an everyday life environment. Possible applications of the presented experimental system, considered as a part of a health telematic network, consist of delivering supplementary, consistent sets of data to clinicians in order to reliably assess patients’ state in home and community settings, over longer periods of time. This system consists of delivering new data necessary for differential diagnosis of different types of tremors, or to precise different stages of illness in a health telematic network. The multiple simultaneous measuring capabilities and the extended observation time period could cover eventually neglected aspects related to occasional, temporary, or an intermittent tremor. The Wi-Fi DAQ proposed system’s novelty, in contrast with existing Wi-Fi solutions, is its ultra low power Wi-Fi capability, which makes it suitable for sensing applications where battery power management is critical.

Human-Machine Teaming: A Movement-Focused Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Reservoir Computing ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Pattern Approach ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Space Approach

Abstract To cope with today’s frequent, extensive and unpredictable changes, humans and machines need to work together on the same team. Team organization and management called for now is to develop a truly adaptable network without any constraints. Movement works as a communication tool for the human-machine team, and in addition, movement will bring emotional harmonization between humans and machines and psychological satisfaction and happiness to humans. Although instinct has been neglected in traditional engineering, it plays an important role to coordinate many body parts and balance our bodies, and for interactive holistic perception and for making better decisions. Emerging reservoir computing will produce extremely small devices so they will work together on us and enable us to interact directly with the outside world through our bodies. And such human-machine team will motivate us to challenge rehabilitation and healthcare, which, therefore, will become a kind of a game, But to achieve this goal, a holistic and quantitative performance indicator is necessary. Euclidean Space approach requires orthonormality and units. But to manage movements, we must be free from these constraints. Therefore, Mahalanobis Distance-Pattern Approach, which is non-Euclidean, is proposed.

Telemonitoring System of Neurological Signs in a Health Telematique Network

2012 ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Silviu Folea ◽  
Camelia Avram ◽  
Sorin Vidican ◽  
Adina Astilean
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Design System ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Time Period

The paper presents a new, experimental, wireless tremor telemonitoring system composed of an optional variable number of portable devices integrating three-axis acceleration mini-sensors which are connected to very small dimensions acquisition systems with Wi-Fi transmission capabilities. The main advantages of the design system consist of the possibilities to monitor simultaneously many body parts of one or multiple subjects on local or more extended areas both for scheduled assessments and in an everyday life environment. Possible applications of the presented experimental system, considered as a part of a health telematic network, consist of delivering supplementary, consistent sets of data to clinicians in order to reliably assess patients’ state in home and community settings, over longer periods of time. This system consists of delivering new data necessary for differential diagnosis of different types of tremors, or to precise different stages of illness in a health telematic network. The multiple simultaneous measuring capabilities and the extended observation time period could cover eventually neglected aspects related to occasional, temporary, or an intermittent tremor. The Wi-Fi DAQ proposed system’s novelty, in contrast with existing Wi-Fi solutions, is its ultra low power Wi-Fi capability, which makes it suitable for sensing applications where battery power management is critical.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC-SANITARY PROFILE OF HANDLED MEAT SOLD IN BULK IN SUPERMARKET CHAINS IN TERESINA-PI

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (40) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Olavo Dionísio da Silva Dias ◽  
Amanda De Oliveira Sousa Cardoso ◽  
Letícia Batista dos Santos ◽  
Tiago Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Anderson De Melo Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Contamination ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Health It ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Ether Solution ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Good Hygiene

This study objective was to characterize the hygienic-sanitary profile in ground beef, chilled chicken, ham and sausage manipulated and sold in bulk at supermarket chains in Teresina-PI. Samples of sausage, ham, braised chicken and ground beef sold in bulk were collected at five large supermarket chains in Teresina-PI, identified as SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4 and SM5. Forty samples were analyzed by Faust, Willis and Faust method adapted with alcohol-ether solution in triplicates. Fungus spores, hyphae fragments, eggs (hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides) and parasite cysts (Entamoeba coli) were found in three of the five supermarket evaluated, as well as many body parts of insects as well as whole insects, these being fleas, mites and ants, in much greater quantities than permitted by law. In two of the five supermarkets chosen for the research no structures were found that could harm human health. It is necessary to implement good hygiene and care practices of meat storage at the analyzed supermarkets and to improve regulatory agencies inspections. In addition, it’s important to promote health education for supermarket workers, in order to avoid food contamination.

scholarly journals Effects of Malaise trap spacing on species richness and composition of terrestrial arthropod bulk samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Steinke ◽  
Thomas WA Braukmann ◽  
Laura Manerus ◽  
Allan Woodhouse ◽  
Vasco Elbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
A Site ◽  
Malaise Traps

The Malaise trap is a popular device for assessing diverse terrestrial arthropod communities because it collects large samples with modest effort. A number of factors influence its collection efficiency, placement being one of them. For instance, when designing larger biotic surveys using arrays of Malaise traps we need to know the optimal distance between individual traps that maximises observable species richness and community composition. We examined the influence of spacing between Malaise traps by metabarcoding samples from two field experiments at a site in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. For one experiment, we used two trap pairs deployed at weekly increasing distances (3 m increments from 3 to 30 m). The second experiment involved a total of 10 traps set up in a row at 3 m distance intervals for three consecutive weeks. Results show that community similarity of samples decreases over distance between traps. The amount of species shared between trap pairs drops considerably at about 18 m trap-to-trap distance. This change can be observed across all major taxonomic groups and for two different habitat types (grassland and forest). Large numbers of OTUs found only once within samples cause rather large dissimilarity between distance pairs even at close proximity. This could be caused by a large number of transient species from adjacent habitats which arrive at the trap through passive transport, as well as capture of rare taxa, which end up in different traps by chance.

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