THE SURVIVAL TIME OF TISSUE KEPT AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
J. V. V. NICHOLLS
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Gastric Muscle ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50

Strips of gastric muscle preserved at 0 °C., 5 °C., 10 °C., 15 °C., 20 °C., which had to be obtained under three vastly different conditions, had the same survival time. Thus at 0 °C. the survival time was 324 hours, at 5 °C. 132 hours, at 10 °C. 50 hours, at 15 °C. 38 hours, at 20 °C. 30 hours. Q10 between 20 °C. and 10 °C. equals 1.66, between 15 °C. and 5 °C. equals 3.47, and between 10 °C. and 0 °C. equals 6.48.

scholarly journals Muscle fatigue examined at different temperatures in experiments on intact mammalian (rat) muscle fibers

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Roots ◽  
G. Ball ◽  
J. Talbot-Ponsonby ◽  
M. King ◽  
K. McBeath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Force Depression ◽  
Output Force ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Shortening Contractions

In experiments on small bundles of intact fibers from a rat fast muscle, in vitro, we examined the decline in force in repeated tetanic contractions; the aim was to characterize the effect of shortening and of temperature on the initial phase of muscle fatigue. Short tetanic contractions were elicited at a control repetition rate of 1/60 s, and fatigue was induced by raising the rate to 1/5 s for 2–3 min, both in isometric mode (no shortening) and in shortening mode, in which each tetanic contraction included a ramp shortening at a standard velocity. In experiments at 20°C ( n = 12), the force decline during a fatigue run was 25% in the isometric mode but was significantly higher (35%) in the shortening mode. In experiments at different temperatures (10–30°C, n = 11), the tetanic frequency and duration were adjusted as appropriate, and for shortening mode, the velocity was adjusted for maximum power output. In isometric mode, fatigue of force was significantly less at 30°C (∼20%) than at 10°C (∼30%); the power output (force × velocity) was >10× higher at 30°C than at 10°C, and power decline during a fatigue run was less at 30°C (∼20–30%) than at 10°C (∼50%). The finding that the extent of fatigue is increased with shortening contractions and is lower at higher temperatures is consistent with the view that force depression by inorganic phosphate, which accumulates within fibers during activity, may be a primary cause of initial muscle fatigue.

Heat-injured rats: pathochemical indices and survival time

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Francesconi ◽  
M. Mager
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Cardiovascular Performance ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
C 30

Rats were exercised on a treadmill (9.14 m/min) in a hot environment (34.5 degrees C, 30% rh) until a rectal temperature of 42.0--42.5 degrees C was reached. Analysis of plasma constituents in subsequent serial blood samples demonstrated a highly significant inverse correlation between lactate concentration (P less than 0.001) and potassium levels (P less than 0.005) in blood samples taken immediately postexercise when both of these were correlated to survival time. Alternatively, plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in these samples, although significantly elevated over control levels (P less than 0.001), was not correlated with either survival time or lactate-potassium concentrations. When fluid was administered prior to the run and immediately thereafter to repress pathological effects, there occurred no changes in plasma lactate and potassium levels between the postrun sample and a second sample taken 60 min later, while CPK levels were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in the second sample. However, levels of all three indices were significantly elevated (P less than 0.01) in a third sample taken terminally despite the fact that the animals were restrained and sedentary during this interval. These findings indicate that the hyperthermic injury may have had fundamental pathological effects on metabolism and membrane integrity producing lactacidemia and hyperkalemia of sufficient magnitude to compromise cardiovascular performance.

scholarly journals Estimasi Persentase Karbon Organik Di Hutan Mangrove Bekas Tambak, Perancak, Jembrana, Bali

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Agung Indah Mahasani ◽  
Nuryani Widagti ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Mangrove forests in the coastal regions are very effective and efficient in reducing the concentration carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, because mangroves can absorb CO2 through photosynthesis by diffusion through the stomata and then store carbon in the form of biomass. The purpose of this study, namely: (1) Determine the percentage of organic carbon in the soil in former mangrove forest ponds in Perancak and (2) Determine the vertical variation of the percentage of organic carbon stored in soils in former mangrove forest ponds in Perancak. The method used from this study is the loss on ignition (LOI). The average percentage of organic carbon in mangrove forest area of the former farm of 50.181 % C or 184.618 Mg/ha. The average vertical variations of each depth, that is: depth (0-15 cm) 50.487 % C, (15- 30 cm) 50.781 % C, (30-50 cm) 50.550 % C, (50- 100 cm) 51.689 % C, and (> 100 cm) 47.396 % C.

Polydisperse Low Diameter ‘Non-Toxic’ Silver Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Rooibos Tea Templates

Nano Hybrids ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Oyagi ◽  
Immaculate N. Michira ◽  
P. Guto ◽  
P.G.L. Baker ◽  
G. Kamau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Rooibos Tea ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tunnelling Microscopy ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50

This work reports the synthesis of ‘non-toxic’ polydisperse, low diameter silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Rooibos extracts at temperatures 25 °C, 30 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C and 90 °C were used. The effect of different extraction temperature on the % yield and nature of the AgNPs were investigated. The characteristics of the ‘green synthesis’ processed AgNPs were evaluated through UV-Vis spectroscopy, high resolution tunnelling microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EDX techniques. Results indicated an increase in extraction temperature leads to more polyphenol extraction, increase in the AgNP % yield and greater absorbance. A yellow to brown to dark brown colour change observed during the synthesis indicated AgNPs formation. UV-Vis results indicated the AgNPs surface plasmon peaks at 440, 447, 450, 460 and 489 nm for the 25 °C, 30 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C, 90 °C respectively. SEM results revealed spherical nanosized particles with dense cores and lighter outer region with mean diameters for AgNPs ranged between 4.4-5.8 nm. EDX results indicated prominent Ag peaks at 3.10 keV. XRD results showed vaguely defined amorphous polyol peaks at below 2θ = 27°. The sharp peaks at 2θ = 38°, 45°, 66° and 77° which were assigned as 111, 200, 220 and 321 corresponded to the face-centred cubic crystalline silver phase.

scholarly journals Zero-set ultrafilters and Gδ-closures in uniform spaces

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Curzer ◽  
Anthony W. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Subject Classification ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Zero Set ◽  
Uniform Spaces ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50

AbstractThe paper examines the classes K1 and Γ1 of Hausdorff uniform spaces which are Gδ-closed in their Samuel compactifications, or completions. It is shown that the classes are epi-reflective, the reflections K1 and Γ are described, K1 and Γ1 are represented as epi-reflective hulls, membership in the classes is described by fixation of certain zero-set ultrafilters, and it is shown that k1 = Γ1 exactly on spaces without discrete sets of measurable power. The results include familiar facts about realcompact and topologically complete topological spaces and are closely connected with the theory of metric-fine uniform spaces.Subject classification (Amer. Math. Soc. (MOS) 1970): primary 54 C 50, 54 E 15, 18 A 40; secondary 54 B 05, 54 B 10, 54 C 10, 54 C 30.

A study on the effect of new prepared amide cationic amphipathic on the corrosion inhibition of API N80 steel pipelines in oil wells industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Shaban ◽  
Abd Elaziz Fouda ◽  
Mohamed Elmorsi ◽  
Tarek Fayed ◽  
Omar Azazy
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
N80 Steel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Capacitive Loop ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50

Purpose The purpose of this study is to inspect the corrosion inhibition of API N80 steel pipelines in uninhibited solution and inhibited with a synthesized surfactant compound [N-(3-(dimethyl octyl ammonio) propyl) palmitamide bromide] (DMDPP), which is prepared through a simple and applicable method. Design/methodology/approach Weight loss was inspected at five different temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and 60°C Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation were used at room temperature. Density functional theory was used to study the relation between the molecular structure and inhibition theoretically. Findings Adsorption of the prepared DMDPP fits the Langmuir isotherm model. The inhibition efficiency of the prepared DMDPP amphipathic inhibitor is directly proportional to temperature increase. Polarization results reveal that the investigated DMDPP amphipathic compound behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor. EIS spectra produced one individual capacitive loop. Originality/value The originality is the preparation of cationic surfactants through a simple method, which can be used as corrosion inhibitors in oil production. The synthesized inhibitors were prepared from low-price materials. The work studied the behavior of the synthesized surfactants in inhibiting the corrosion of the steel in an acidic medium. Electrochemical and theoretical studies were presented, besides gravimetric and surface examination.

Effect of Etching Temperature on the Growth of Silicon Nanowires

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li Liu ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
P Type

The effects of different etching temperatures (near room temperature) on the length and surface morphology of SiNWs were reported in this paper. The studies on temperature dependence of SiNWs growth rate were carried out at 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C for n-type and p-type substrates. The results suggested that the SiNWs length could be controlled easily by the change of the etching temperature. Superlong SiNWs were also fabricated by this technique. The superlong SiNWs had the length more than 400 μm and the aspect ratios were about 2000-20000, which could be applied in nanosensors and interconnection.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Enzim Pemecah Pati dari Malt Serelia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Alvina Cornelia Phieter ◽  
Ruth Chrisnasari ◽  
Tjandra Pantjajani
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Sorghum Malt ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50

Abstract- Starch-degrading enzymes not only can be found in bacteria and fungi, but also in plants. Some plants that produce starch-degrading enzymes are germinated grain of sorghum, maize, and mung bean. pH and temperature are factors that can affect the activity of enzyme. Effect of pH and temperature to starch-degrading enzyme activity of these 3 cereal grains are reported in this research. Grain of sorghum, maize, and mung bean were germinated for 2 days and dried to produce malt. Enzymes from these 3 different malts were extracted using 7 buffers with different pH (4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7) . Buffer that produced highest enzyme activity based on degradation of starch as a substrate (iodine-starch method) and based on formation of reducing sugars as products (DNS method) would be used for determining the effect of temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C). Effect of pH and temperatures to enzyme activity from 3 different malts tend to be fluctuating. Sorghum malt had the highest enzyme activity per gram malt based on degradation of starch activity test. Estimated enzyme activity of sorghum malt was 103,82 mg.g- 1.min-1. Maize malt had the highest enzyme activity based on formation of reducing sugars activity test. Estimated enzyme activity of maize malt was 13.08 mg.g-1.min-1. Keywords: amylase enzyme, sorghum malt, maize malt, mung bean malt, pH temperature Abstrak- Enzim pemecah pati dapat diperoleh dari tanaman selain dari bakteri dan fungi. Beberapa jenis tanaman yang memiliki enzim pemecah pati adalah biji sorgum, jagung, dan kacang hijau yang berkecambah. pH dan suhu merupakan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi aktivitas dari enzim. Pengaruh pH dan suhu terhadap aktivitas enzim amilase dari ketiga jenis biji ini akan diamati dalam penelitian ini. Biji sorgum, jagung, dan kacang hijau dikecambahkan selama 2 hari dan dikeringkan untuk menghasilkan malt. Enzim dari ketiga jenis malt ini akan diekstrak menggunakan 7 buffer pH berbeda yaitu buffer pH 4,5; 5; 5,5; 6; 6,5 dan 7. Buffer yang menghasilkan nilai aktivitas enzim tertinggi berdasarkan degradasi substrat pati (metode pati-iodin) dan berdasarkan pembentukan produk gula reduksi (metode DNS) akan digunakan lebih lanjut untuk melihat pengaruh suhu yaitu suhu 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, dan 50 °C. Pengaruh pH dan suhu terhadap aktivitas enzim ketiga jenis malt cenderung fluktuatif. Malt sorgum memiliki nilai aktivitas enzim per gram malt tertinggi berdasarkan uji aktivitas degradasi substrat pati (metode pati-iodin) yaitu 103,82 mg.g-1.min-1 dan malt jagung memiliki nilai aktivitas enzim per gram malt tertinggi berdasarkan uji aktivitas pembentukan gula reduksi (metode DNS) yaitu 13,08 mg.g-1.min-1. Kata kunci: amylase enzyme, sorghum malt, maize malt, mung bean malt, pH temperature

scholarly journals Antimicrobial stability of Cosmos caudatus extract at varies pH and temperature, and compounds identification for application as food sanitiser

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
N.A.H. Yusoff ◽  
Y. Rukayadi ◽  
F. Abas ◽  
A. Khatib ◽  
M Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Cosmos Caudatus ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50

The occurrence of foodborne diseases and food poisoning due to the consumption of contaminated foods is increasing nowadays, thus become a major threat to food industries in particular. In order to overcome this problem, prevention must be taken at the early stages of food preparation like sanitization. Typically, chemically based antimicrobial sanitisers were used in food industries to remove dirt and microbial population on food surfaces or food equipment. However, the emergence of microbial resistance and consumer awareness on the formation of carcinogenic compounds and safety issues in long term effects has led researchers to find an alternative. Therefore, a study was conducted to find a natural food sanitiser that was able to minimize the number of harmful bacteria without a change in the food quality and safety. In this study, the stability of Cosmos caudatus extract at different pH (pH 3, pH 7, pH 8 and pH 11) and temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 50°C, 80°C and 121°C) were determined for suitability as food sanitiser. The identification and quantification of this plant extract also were performed using HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis to detect the major compounds which contributed to the biological activity of C. caudatus extract. Generally, results showed that the antimicrobial activity of C. caudatus extract was stable after exposure to various pH and temperatures, in fact, the extract increased its antimicrobial activity at lower acidity (pH 3) and higher temperature (50°C) against most pathogens. Furthermore, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside was identified as a major compound in C. caudatus extract with the relative amounts of 29.66 mg/g. It can be concluded that C. caudatus extract is stable when exposed to various pH and temperatures. These useful findings have proved the antimicrobial stability of C. caudatus extract after exposure to several pH and temperatures thus can be further developed as a food sanitiser in food industries.

The use of urea to improve milk yields and lamb survival of Merinos in a dry tropical environment

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
JC Edwards ◽  
PS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Lamb Growth

Urea supplementation of lambing Merino ewes increased milk yield and lamb growth and survival rates in both pen and paddock studies. These productivity gains occurred in a semi-arid environment characterized by poor reproductive efficiency in Merinos. In pens, urea supplenlents fed to lactating ewes at the rate of c. 12 g/day stimulated intake of poor quality pasture hay (0.9 %nitrogen) by c. 30% and increased total nitrogen intake by c. 100%. Milk yield was improved by c. 50% and lamb growth rate by c. 140%. Sorghum grain supplements stimulated milk yield and lamb growth to a lesser extent than urea. The correlations found in pen studies between nitrogen intake and milk yield of ewes (r � 0.85; P < 0.05), and between ewe milk yield and lamb growth (r % 0.80; P < 0.01), prompted further investigations under paddock conditions. Ewes grazing dry pastures and supplemented with urea (8-10 glday) via drinking water yielded more milk (11-32%) than unsupplemented counterparts. Similarly, there were improvements in lamb growth (80-100%) and survival (c. 10%) in the supplemented groups.

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