Behavioral thermoregulation and associated mortality trade-offs in migrating adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): variability among sympatric populations

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1734-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Keefer ◽  
Christopher A. Peery ◽  
Brett High
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Thermal Refugia ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Physiological Benefits

We used radiotelemetry to assess thermoregulatory behaviors for 14 populations (n = 3985) of adult summer steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) as they passed through the Columbia River migration corridor. Steelhead use of small cool-water tributaries (“thermal refugia”) rapidly increased when the Columbia River reached a temperature threshold of about 19 °C. When main stem temperatures were warmest (i.e., >21 °C), more than 70% of the tagged fish used refugia sites and these fish had median refugia residence times of 3–4 weeks. Thermoregulatory responses were similar across populations, but there were large among-population differences in the incidence and duration of refugia use likely linked to population-specific migration timing patterns. In survival analyses using 1285 known-origin steelhead, fish that used thermal refugia were significantly less likely to survive to natal basins, were harvested at relatively high rates in refugia tributaries, and had greater unknown mortality in the main stem. These results highlight the trade-off between the presumed physiological benefits of thermal refugia use and a likely increase in harvest and other mortality risks that arise when preferred thermal habitats are severely constricted.

scholarly journals Seasonal Temperature Fluctuations Differently Affect the Immune and Biochemical Parameters of Diploid and Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss Cage-Cultured in Temperate Latitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia C. M. Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Gravato ◽  
Carlos J. M. Silva ◽  
Sílvia F. S. Pires ◽  
Ana P. L. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Individual

In the coming decades, and despite advances in the selection of resistant strains and the production of triploid organisms, the temperature could seriously affect salmonid aquaculture. Lower environmental tolerance has been hinted at for triploids, but the physiological mechanisms leading to such differences, and whether they are translated to the individual level, are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal variations on the humoral and immune status in the blood (peripheral blood leukocytes) and plasma (antiprotease, lysozyme and peroxidase activities), the oxidative stress (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, total glutathione and lipid peroxidation) balance in the liver, and the energy budget (sugars, lipids, proteins and energy production) in the liver and muscle of diploid and triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss. Leukocytes’ numbers changed with the water temperature and differed between fish ploidies. Peroxidase activity was increased in the summer, but lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased in the winter. Concomitantly, antioxidant defenses were significantly altered seasonally, increasing oxidative damage at higher temperatures. Moreover, warmer waters induced a reduction in the energy production measured in the liver. Differences in feed efficiency, which have been previously reported, were confirmed by the low lipid and protein contents of the muscle of the triploids. In sum, the inherent trade-offs to deal with the seasonal changes culminated in the higher growth observed for diploid fish.

scholarly journals Steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) lineages and sexes show variable patterns of association of adult migration timing and age‐at‐maturity traits with two genomic regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2836-2856
Author(s):  
Stuart C. Willis ◽  
Jon E. Hess ◽  
Jeff K. Fryer ◽  
John M. Whiteaker ◽  
Chris Brun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Genomic Regions

Spatiotemporal patterns in migration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in North America

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Spence ◽  
James D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Watershed Characteristics ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Kodiak Island

The timing of ocean entry by salmon smolts is presumed adaptive to maximize survival during this critical life transition. We analyzed the peak timing, duration, and interannual variation in timing of smolt migrations for 53 coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) populations from central California to Kodiak Island, Alaska. The objective was to examine potential influences of both local watershed characteristics and larger-scale processes in the marine environment on smolt migration patterns. Multivariate analyses demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in migration patterns with trends toward later, shorter, and more predictable migrations with increasing latitude. Cluster analysis performed on migration descriptors indicated three major population groupings that coincide with major coastal oceanic regions in the northeast Pacific: a northern group from Kodiak Island to the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, a central group from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to the Columbia River, and a southern group from the Columbia River southward. These regional patterns transcended local variability associated with watershed characteristics and trap location, suggesting that the patterns reflect adaptation to differences in timing and relative predictability of favorable conditions in the marine environments that smolts enter.

Maximum stream temperature and the occurrence, abundance, and behavior of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a southern California stream

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Sloat ◽  
Ann-Marie K. Osterback
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Thermal Refugia ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
And Behavior

To determine individual and population responses of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to stream temperature, we sampled summer stream temperature and juvenile steelhead occurrence, abundance, and behavior in a small stream near the species' southern limit. Maximum annual stream temperature (22.3–33.1 °C) exerted a strong threshold effect on steelhead occurrence. Steelhead persisted through summer in all pools that did not exceed 30 °C, but the probability of persistence rapidly decreased to zero at warmer sites. Below the threshold for fish persistence, thermal effects on steelhead abundance were inconsistent, with temperature receiving strong support for inclusion in models of fish abundance at the beginning of summer but weak support for inclusion in models of end-of-summer abundance and summer fish loss. Thermal refugia that would allow steelhead to behaviorally thermoregulate were rare. In response to elevated stream temperatures, steelhead reduced foraging and agonistic activity, presumably to minimize energetic costs. In anticipation of the effects of global climate trends on stream temperature, management actions that limit or reduce stream heating will be critical for conservation of steelhead populations in habitats approaching thermal tolerance thresholds.

Physiological trade-offs of forming maggot masses by necrophagous flies on vertebrate carrion

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Rivers ◽  
C. Thompson ◽  
R. Brogan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractNecrophagous flies that colonize human and animal corpses are extremely efficient at locating and utilizing carrion. Adult flies deposit eggs or larvae on the ephemeral food resource, which signals the beginning of intense inter- and intra-species competition. Within a short period of time after egg hatch, large larval aggregations or maggot masses form. A period of intense larval feeding ensues that will culminate with consumption/decomposition of all soft tissues associated with the corpse. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of these feeding aggregations is heat production; that is, the capacity to generate internal heat that can exceed ambient temperatures by 30°C or more. While observations of maggot mass formation and heat generation have been described in the research literature for more than 50 years, our understanding of maggot masses, particularly the physiological ecology of the aggregations as a whole, is rudimentary. In this review, an examination of what is known about the formation of maggot masses is presented, as well as arguments for the physiological benefits and limitations of developing in feeding aggregations that, at times, can represent regions of intense competition, overcrowded conditions, or a microclimate with elevated temperatures approaching or exceeding proteotoxic stress levels.

scholarly journals Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244458
Author(s):  
Sarah Hews ◽  
Zahkeyah Allen ◽  
Adrienne Baxter ◽  
Jacquline Rich ◽  
Zahida Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference

Behavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperatures during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

scholarly journals Trade-Offs Underwater: Physiological Plasticity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Confronted by Multiple Stressors

Fishes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Wernicke von Siebenthal ◽  
Kristina Rehberger ◽  
Christyn Bailey ◽  
Albert Ros ◽  
Elio Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Individual

Organisms have evolved mechanisms to partition the available resources between fitness-relevant physiological functions. Organisms possess phenotypic plasticity to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. However, this comes at a cost that can cause negative correlations or “trade-offs”, whereby increasing investments in one function lead to decreased investments in another function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prioritization of resource allocation between growth, pathogen defense, and contaminant response in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to changes of resource income or expenditure. We performed a multifactorial experiment with three resource-impacting stressors—limited food availability, a parasitic infection, exposure to a vitellogenesis-inducing contaminant—and combinations thereof. Treatment with the individual stressors evoked the expected responses in the respective physiological target systems—body growth, immune system, and hepatic vitellogenin transcription—but we found little evidence for significant negative relations (trade-offs) between the three systems. This also applied to fish exposed to combinations of the stressors. This high phenotypic flexibility of trout in their resource allocation suggests that linear resource allocations as mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity may be too simplistic, but it also may point to a greater capacity of ectothermic than endothermic vertebrates to maintain key physiological processes under competing resource needs due to lower maintenance costs.

scholarly journals Quantifying thermal refugia connectivity by combining temperature modeling, distributed temperature sensing, and thermal infrared imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 2965-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Dzara ◽  
Bethany T. Neilson ◽  
Sarah E. Null
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Refugia ◽  
Lahontan Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Walker River

Abstract. Watershed-scale stream temperature models are often one-dimensional because they require fewer data and are more computationally efficient than two- or three-dimensional models. However, one-dimensional models assume completely mixed reaches and ignore small-scale spatial temperature variability, which may create temperature barriers or refugia for cold-water aquatic species. Fine spatial- and temporal-resolution stream temperature monitoring provides information to identify river features with increased thermal variability. We used distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to observe small-scale stream temperature variability, measured as a temperature range through space and time, within two 400 m reaches in summer 2015 in Nevada's East Walker and main stem Walker rivers. Thermal infrared (TIR) aerial imagery collected in summer 2012 quantified the spatial temperature variability throughout the Walker Basin. We coupled both types of high-resolution measured data with simulated stream temperatures to corroborate model results and estimate the spatial distribution of thermal refugia for Lahontan cutthroat trout and other cold-water species. Temperature model estimates were within the DTS-measured temperature ranges 21 % and 70 % of the time for the East Walker River and main stem Walker River, respectively, and within TIR-measured temperatures 17 %, 5 %, and 5 % of the time for the East Walker, West Walker, and main stem Walker rivers, respectively. DTS, TIR, and modeled stream temperatures in the main stem Walker River nearly always exceeded the 21 ∘C optimal temperature threshold for adult trout, usually exceeded the 24 ∘C stress threshold, and could exceed the 28 ∘C lethal threshold for Lahontan cutthroat trout. Measured stream temperature ranges bracketed ambient river temperatures by −10.1 to +2.3 ∘C in agricultural return flows, −1.2 to +4 ∘C at diversions, −5.1 to +2 ∘C in beaver dams, and −4.2 to 0 ∘C at seeps. To better understand the role of these river features on thermal refugia during warm time periods, the respective temperature ranges were added to simulated stream temperatures at each of the identified river features. Based on this analysis, the average distance between thermal refugia in this system was 2.8 km. While simulated stream temperatures are often too warm to support Lahontan cutthroat trout and other cold-water species, thermal refugia may exist to improve habitat connectivity and facilitate trout movement between spawning and summer habitats. Overall, high-resolution DTS and TIR measurements quantify temperature ranges of refugia and augment process-based modeling.

scholarly journals Dam trout: Genetic variability in Oncorhynchus mykiss above and below barriers in three Columbia River systems prior to restoring migrational access

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0197571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Winans ◽  
M. Brady Allen ◽  
Jon Baker ◽  
Erik Lesko ◽  
Frank Shrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River Systems

Stock-Specific Migration Timing of Adult Spring–Summer Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Keefer ◽  
Christopher A. Peery ◽  
Michael A. Jepson ◽  
Kenneth R. Tolotti ◽  
Theodore C. Bjornn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Migration Timing
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