Phosphorus inactivation by aluminum in Lakes Gårdsjön and Härsvatten sediment during the industrial acidification period in Sweden

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1702-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Huser ◽  
Emil Rydin
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Sediment Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Inactivation ◽  
P Retention ◽  
P Cycle

Acidification of lakes exposed to acid deposition is generally accompanied by a severe decrease in production (oligotrophication). In this study, we examined sediment from Lakes Gårdsjön and Härsvatten, Sweden, to determine whether sediment phosphorus (P) retention increased during the years corresponding to lake acidification. Sediment from both lakes had increases in aluminum (Al) in the upper 10 cm, and dating of Lake Gårdsjön sediment revealed that the Al increase occurred from 1950 to 2001 in this lake. The increase in Al input caused an increase in Al-bound P (Al–P) formation and overall sediment total phosphorus retention during the same period. Lake Gårdsjön received an additional 12.9 g·m–2 of Al, above preacidification background levels, that bound 1.1 g·m–2 of P and removed it from the in-lake P cycle from 1950 to 2001. A substantial portion (up to 76%) of the total external P load eventually was converted to Al–P and buried in the sediment over this period. The increase in sediment P burial due to increased formation of Al–P in systems similar to Lake Gårdsjön may have detrimental effects on nutrient cycling, and as a result, on productivity within the lake, leading to acido-oligotrophication.

scholarly journals PSIV-13 Basal endogenous loss, standardized total tract digestibility, and retention of Ca in sows change throughout gestation, but microbial phytase reduces basal endogenous loss of Ca by gestating sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Carrie L Walk ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Period Of Gestation ◽  
P Retention

Abstract The objective was to test the hypothesis that standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and Ca and P retention and the response to microbial phytase in diets fed to sows are constant throughout gestation. Thirty-six sows (parity = 3.3) were allotted to 4 diets on d 7 post-breeding. Two corn-based diets in which calcium carbonate was the sole source of Ca and 2 Ca-free diets were formulated without or with phytase (500 units per kg). Sows were housed individually in metabolism crates during early-gestation, mid-gestation, and late-gestation, and feces and urine were quantitatively collected. Data were analyzed by repeated measures using a model that included phytase, period of gestation, and the interaction between phytase and period as fixed effects, and block and replicate as random effects. Interactions between period and phytase were not observed. The basal endogenous loss (BEL) of Ca was greater (P < 0.05) in early-gestation than in mid- and late-gestation, but phytase reduced (P = 0.002) BEL of Ca and tended (P = 0.099) to increase apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in the Ca-free diet. Phytase did not affect ATTD of DM, STTD of Ca, ATTD of P, or Ca and P retention in sows fed the diet containing calcium carbonate (Table 1). The ATTD of DM was not affected by period, but Ca retention and ATTD of Ca and P were least (P < 0.05) in mid-gestation, followed by early- and late-gestation, and the STTD of Ca in mid-gestation was also reduced (P < 0.05) compared with early- or late-gestation. Phosphorus retention was greater (P < 0.05) in late-gestation than in the earlier periods. In conclusion, BEL of Ca, STTD of Ca, ATTD of P, and Ca and P retention in sows change throughout gestation regardless of use of phytase. http://www.conferenceharvester.com/

Palaeolimnological changes related to acid deposition and land-use in the catchments of two Norwegian soft-water lakes

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1240) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Contamination ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Inferred Ph

This is a palaeolimnological study of two Norwegian soft-water lakes, one receiving high, the other low, deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds. At the site with low acid deposition inferred pH has oscillated between 5.6 and 5.9 and there is little evidence of atmospheric contamination. At the site with high acid deposition, many centuries of stability are followed by a rapid acidification from pH around 5 in 1900 to the present (1986) level of pH 4.4. In this lake, the sedimentary record indicates a close connection between acid deposition and recent lake acidification.

Phosphorus immobilization in Lake Głęboczek following treatment with polyaluminum chloride

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Łopata ◽  
Helena Gawrońska
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Sorptive Capacity ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Phosphorus Inactivation ◽  
Interstitial Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Immobilization

Phosphorus immobilization in Lake Głęboczek following treatment with polyaluminum chlorideIn 2001-2003, a survey was conducted of the effectiveness of restoration in the heavily eutrophic polymictic Lake Głęboczek, located in Tuchola. The application of the phosphorus inactivation method with polyaluminum chloride PAX 18 resulted in the complete removal of phosphates, and in a considerable (up to 50-60%) reduction of total phosphorus in the lake water. The sorptive capacity of the bottom sediments was enhanced after the restoration, particularly in the top layer (0-5 cm). An increase of the aluminum content and of mineral forms of phosphorus was observed, mainly the aluminum-bound fraction (at its greatest, by over 330%). The amount of mobile phosphorus in the sediments decreased by 40%. The evidence of the durable immobilization of phosphorus in the aquatic ecosystem was the limited phosphorus release from the bottom sediments. This was confirmed by a significant decrease of total phosphorus in the interstitial waters (from 4-6 mg dm

Phosphorus release from sediments of a deep wastewater stabilization pond

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ortuño ◽  
J. Sáez ◽  
M. Llorens ◽  
A. Soler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Residual P ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Sediment Phosphorus

The fractional composition and potential mobility of particulate phosphorus was investigated in sediment from a deep wastewater stabilization pond. The predominant phosphorus fractions were Fe- and Al-bound P (NaOH-RP) and Residual-P (consisting mainly of organic P), which amounted to 35 and 34% of total phosphorus, respectively. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the influence of various environmental parameters (pH, redox conditions, biological activity and temperature) on phosphorus release from lagoon sediment. Phosphorus release was observed under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Anaerobic release was about 1.4-5 times greater than aerobic release. Phosphorus release was redox-sensitive and favoured by high pH values, up to 17.4% of total phosphorus being liberated anaerobically and at high pH. Biological activity favoured phosphorus release, since the amount released under non-sterile conditions exceeded that observed under sterile conditions. Sediment phosphorus was fractionated before and after the release experiments. The NaOH-RP fraction was sensitive to pH and redox environmental changes, and was readily released under reduced conditions and at high pH. The mobility of the Residual-P fraction was enhanced in incubations involving biological activity due to the decomposition of the organic matter in the sediments, and NaOH–nRP (organic phosphorus) decreased by up to 45% during the incubation of non-sterile suspensions.

A Phosphorus Budget for Lake Erie

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Burns ◽  
J. D. H. Williams ◽  
J.-M. Jaquet ◽  
A. L. W. Kemp ◽  
D. C. L. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Eastern Basin ◽  
Phosphorus Budget ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Entire Lake

A budget for phosphorus retention in Lake Erie during 1970 has been drawn up. Phosphorus associated with sand-sized particles (> 63 μm) was excluded. Retention of apatite phosphorus (AP) and nonapatite phosphorus (NAP) within each of the three basins of the lake (Western, Central, and Eastern) was estimated in each case by two independent methods. The two estimates of retention of total phosphorus within the entire lake agreed to within 9.5% of their mean. The estimates of AP retention within the Western basin also agreed well. However, the input–output balance estimates of AP retention in the Central basin and of NAP retention in the Western and Central basins greatly exceeded the corresponding sedimentation values, while in the Eastern basin this pattern was reversed. The AP discrepancy was attributed to unobserved transport of AP from the Central to the Eastern basin via nearshore currents past Long Point, while the NAP discrepancies were largely attributed to eastward movement of NAP through the lake within about 2 m of the lake bottom. The total amount of phosphorus retained within the lake in 1970 was 41,000 metric tons, or about 92% of input. AP of natural origin and inert nature accounted for approximately 44% of the total phosphorus retained. A reduction in anthropogenic phosphorus input of about 15,000 metric tons/yr, as called for in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, will reduce present annual NAP loading to close to pre-1850 values.

The recent palaeolimnology of two sites with contrasting acid-deposition histories

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1240) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Sulphur Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Contamination

A palaeoecological comparison is made between geologically sensitive sites chosen from an area of low sulphur deposition (Lochan Dubh) and area of high sulphur deposition (Round Loch of Glenhead). Pre-industrial (pre-1800) acidities of the lakes were similar but the pH of the Round Loch of Glenhead has subsequently dropped by over 0.5 of a pH unit whereas the pH of Lochan Dubh has only decreased slightly. The record of atmospheric contamination confirms that the Round Loch of Glenhead is a more heavily polluted site than Lochan Dubh. The increased degree of lake acidification and higher levels of atmospheric contamination at the Round Loch of Glenhead are correlated with the greater sulphur deposition levels at this site.

A test of the land-use hypothesis for recent lake acidification by using hill-top lakes in southwest Norway: an extended summary

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1240) ◽  
pp. 369-370 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Soil Changes ◽  
Small Catchments

Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain recent lake acidification in northwest Europe; the acid-deposition, the land-use and the long-term hypotheses. The hypothesis of natural, long-term soil acidification is not relevant for explaining recent, rapid lake acidification. A critical requirement in testing the first two hypotheses is to distinguish unambiguously between lake acidification due to atmospheric deposition and lake acidification following land-use and associated soil changes, such as the accumulation of raw humus. Hill-top lakes are small, deep basins perched on tops of cliffs and hills. They have very small catchments, often consisting of bare rock. The chemistry of these lakes is primarily influenced by the chemical composition of precipitation and by the underlying bedrock. Because of their very small catchments, their chemistry cannot be influenced by changes in catchment land-use. Hill-top lakes are thus ideal situations in which to test the two hypotheses, because any acidification in these lakes cannot be a result of changes in land-use, but only of acid precipitation. Thus if hill-top lakes have acidified recently, the land-use hypothesis would be falsified for these sites. On the other hand, the acid-deposition hypothesis would clearly be supported.

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