Dreissena distribution in commercial waterways of the U.S.: using failed invasions to identify limiting factors

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne C Allen ◽  
Charles W Ramcharan
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
The U.S

Preventing the introduction of an invasive species and managing the ecological and economic effects of successful invasions often rely on accurate predictions of the potential distribution of the species in its new habitat. Instances of failed invasion can highlight factors other than dispersal that limit range expansion in an invasive species. The commercially available waterways (CAWs) of the U.S. are a network of interconnected rivers that support a regular traffic of commercial and maintenance vessels. As such, they are at extremely high risk of infestation from Dreissena, yet not all the rivers are infested. We used traffic, water chemistry, and impoundment characteristics of the rivers in this system to develop a set of logistic-regression models to predict the occurrence of Dreissena. Four single variable models correctly classified 20 out of 24 (83%) river systems. The best two-variable models had only one misclassified river, for an overall accuracy of 96%. Among rivers to which Dreissena has successfully dispersed, permanent populations are most likely to establish in systems that have moderate ionic strength and that also have some impoundment areas to increase long-term population persistence. We use this hierarchy of factors to extend predictions to four systems that currently lack the high dispersal intensity of the CAWs.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours in Cameroon: A Six-Month Online National Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽  
Leonard Ngarka ◽  
Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi ◽  
Leonard N. Nfor ◽  
Michel K. Mengnjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adherence Score ◽  
Preventive Behaviour ◽  
Predictors Of Adherence

Since March 2020, the Cameroonian government implemented nationwide measures to stall COVID-19 transmission. However, little is known about how well these unprecedented measures are being observed as the pandemic evolves. We conducted a six-month online survey to assess the preventive behaviour of Cameroonian adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. A five-point adherence score was constructed based on self-reported observance of the following preventive measures: physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, not touching one’s face, and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing. Predictors of adherence were investigated using ordinal logistic regression models. Of the 7381 responses received from all ten regions, 73.3% were from male respondents and overall mean age was 32.8 ± 10.8 years. Overall mean adherence score was 3.96 ± 1.11 on a scale of 0–5. Mean weekly adherence scores were initially high, but gradually decreased over time accompanied by increasing incidence of COVID-19 during the last study weeks. Predictors for higher adherence included higher age, receiving COVID-19 information from health personnel, and agreeing with the necessity of lockdown measures. Meanwhile, experiencing flu-like symptoms was associated with poor adherence. Continuous observance of preventive measures should be encouraged among Cameroonians in the medium- to long-term to avoid a resurgence in COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals Early High-dose Caffeine Improves Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Vineet Lamba ◽  
Oscar Winners ◽  
Prem Fort
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Caffeine Citrate ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes

The objective of the study is to determine if early high-dose caffeine (HD) therapy is associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or decreased need for mechanical ventilation. We conducted a single center, retrospective cohort study of 273 infants less than 32 weeks gestational age (GA). Infants receiving early HD (10 mg/kg/day maintenance) caffeine citrate started within 24 h of life were compared with those receiving LD (6 mg/kg/day) with variable timing of initiation using linear and logistic regression models. The infants in the early HD group had 91.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): −166.6, −16.1; p = 0.018) less hours of mechanical ventilation up to 36 weeks PMA or discharge as compared with the LD group. Moreover, infants in the HD group had 0.37 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.97; p = 0.042) times lower odds of developing moderate/severe BPD compared with the LD group. Infants receiving early HD caffeine had improved respiratory outcomes with no increase in measured comorbidities. Large prospective studies are needed to determine the long-term outcomes of using high-dose caffeine prophylaxis for preterm infants.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Vaping and Smoking as Modes of Delivery for Nicotine and Cannabis among Youth in Canada, England and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathima Fataar ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The U.S

Background: Vaping has become an increasingly common mode of administration for both nicotine and cannabis, with overlap among users, devices, as well as nicotine and cannabis companies. There is a need to understand patterns of use among youth, including the way nicotine and cannabis are administered. Methods: Data are from Wave 2 of the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping survey, an online survey conducted in 2018 among 16–19 year-olds recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n = 3757), England (n = 3819), and the U.S. (n = 3961). The prevalence of past 30-day vaping nicotine, non-nicotine and cannabis substances, as well as cannabis modes of use was examined. Logistic regression models examined between country differences in prevalence. Results: Past 30-day cannabis use was highest among Canadian youth (16.6%), followed by youth in the U.S. (13.8%) and England (9.0%). Vaping e-cigarettes was substantially more prevalent than vaping cannabis in all three countries. All forms of cannabis use were higher among Canadian and U.S. youth compared to England (p < 0.001 for all). Past 30-day cannabis users in the U.S. were more likely to report vaping cannabis oil (30.1%), and consuming solid concentrates such as wax and shatter (30.2%), compared to cannabis users in Canada (18.6% and 22.9%) and England (14.3% and 11.0%; p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Youth are administering cannabis and nicotine using a wide diversity of modes. Cannabis users in the U.S.—where an increasing number of states have legalized medical and non-medical cannabis—reported notably higher use of more potent cannabis products, including cannabis oils and extracts.

scholarly journals Trends in Covid-19 hospital mortality in women and men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ayerbe ◽  
Carlos Risco-Risco ◽  
Diego Martinez-Urbistondo ◽  
Maria Elena Caro-Tinoco ◽  
Salma Ayis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Of Admission

Introduction: It remains unclear if the development of health services, clinical management, and scientific evidence, during the pandemic is associated with better medical outcomes, sustained in the long term, for Covid-19 patients of each gender. This study presents the trends in mortality associated with Covid-19 for women and men during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: This study was based in 17 Spanish hospitals. Sociodemographic, clinical, and mortality data from all patients with Covid-19, who had been discharged alive, or had died after being admitted, between March 2020 and February 2021, were used. The association between time of admission and mortality was examined with multivariate logistic regression models. Results: 3390 Covid-19 patients were included in the study, of which 1330 were women, the age was M(SD): 66.55(16.55) Death was reported for 451 patients. There was a significant decreasing trend in mortality by time of admission for the whole year with an OR: 0.86(0.77-0.96) p=0.005. No significant trend in mortality for women was observed OR: 1.00(0.85-1.19) p=0.959, while there was a significant decreasing trend for men OR: 0.78 (0.68-0.90) p=0.001 Discussion: The health policies put in place, the scientific evidence developed by researchers, and the experienced acquired by clinicians, are likely to explain this improvement in mortality. More epidemiological and clinical studies addressing trends of mortality in patients with different sociodemographic and clinical profile and the improvement of clinical outcomes are required. Future research may address the safety and efficacy of interventions specifically in female patients.

scholarly journals The Association Between Alkaline Phosphatase and Neurological Outcome in Patients with Post-cardiac Arrest: a Secondary Analysis of Data from Belgium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiacheng he
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background: Prognostication of the unfavourable neurological outcome(UNO) after Cardiac arrest(CA) is multimodal while blood biomarkers are an attractive option.Serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) is shown to be associated with ischemic stroke and considered as an independent prognostic factor for long-term functional outcome after acute cerebral infarction.We aimed to study the association between ALP and UNO in 3 months in patients after CA.Methods:Review of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU at Erasme Hospital, Brussels (Belgium) following CA between January 2007 and December 2015. The outcome was the UNO in 3 months. We used multivariable logistic regression models to calculate the adjusted odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval(CI). Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to Shock,Dobutamine.used,Hypertension,Cardiac.Etiology and Shockable.Rhythm.Results: We included 374 CA patients. The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk of UNO in 3 months after CA was significantly associated with ALP.When ALP was Equal is divided in 3 groups, the risk of ALP>91 level and adverse outcomes was 1.7407 times of ALP<64 level (P for trend=0.19709).In the non-hypertension group, the risk of adverse outcomes increased with increased ALP by 1.018 (1.0041.01,1.032).Conclusions: ALP is an independent risk factor for the UNO in 3 months after CA, especially in non-hypertension. Elevated ALP was significantly associated with increased UNO in 3 months after CA. However, the prediction significance of ALP for long-term neurological outcome in patients after CA is needed further studied.

scholarly journals Determinants of Postponed Dental Visits Due to Costs: Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazal Aarabi ◽  
Richelle Valdez ◽  
Kristin Spinler ◽  
Carolin Walther ◽  
Udo Seedorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Health Related

High costs are an important reason patients postpone dental visits, which can lead to serious medical consequences. However, little is known about the determinants of postponing visits due to financial constraints longitudinally. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of postponing dental visits due to costs in older adults in Germany longitudinally. Data from wave 5 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe was used. The occurrence of postponed dental visits due to costs in the last 12 months served as the outcome measure. Socioeconomic and health-related explanatory variables were included. Conditional fixed effects logistic regression models were used (n = 362). Regressions showed that the likelihood of postponing dental visits due to costs increased with lower age, less chronic disease, and lower income. The outcome measure was neither associated with marital status nor self-rated health. Identifying the factors associated with postponed dental visits due to costs might help to mitigate this challenge. In the long term, this might help to maintain the well-being of older individuals.

scholarly journals Could infarct location predict the long-term functional outcome in childhood arterial ischemic stroke?

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio López-Espejo ◽  
Marta Hernández-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the influence of infarct location on long-term functional outcome following a first-ever arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in non-neonate children. Method: The MRIs of 39 children with AIS (median age 5.38 years; 36% girls; mean follow-up time 5.87 years) were prospectively evaluated. Infarct location was classified as the absence or presence of subcortical involvement. Functional outcome was measured using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) for children after the follow-up assessment. We utilized multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for the outcome while adjusting for age, sex, infarct size and middle cerebral artery territory involvement (significance < 0.05). Results: Both infarcts ≥ 4% of total brain volume (OR 9.92; CI 1.76 – 55.9; p 0.009) and the presence of subcortical involvement (OR 8.36; CI 1.76 – 53.6; p 0.025) independently increased the risk of marked functional impairment (mRS 3 to 5). Conclusion: Infarct extension and location can help predict the extent of disability after childhood AIS.

scholarly journals Do Deviations From Historical Precipitation Trends Influence Child Nutrition? An Analysis From Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 1953-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Epstein ◽  
Jacqueline M Torres ◽  
M Maria Glymour ◽  
David López-Carr ◽  
Sheri D Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Child Nutritional Status ◽  
Marginal Risk ◽  
Precipitation Trends

Abstract Changes in precipitation patterns might have deleterious effects on population health. We used data from the Uganda National Panel Survey from 2009 to 2012 (n = 3,223 children contributing 5,013 assessments) to evaluate the link between rainfall and undernutrition in children under age 5 years. We considered 3 outcomes (underweight, wasting, and stunting) and measured precipitation using household-reported drought and deviations from long-term precipitation trends measured by satellite. We specified multilevel logistic regression models with random effects for the community, village, and individual. Underweight (13%), wasting (4%), and stunting (33%) were common. Reported drought was associated with underweight (marginal risk ratio (RR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.35) in adjusted analyses. Positive annual deviations (greater rainfall) from long-term precipitation trends were protective against underweight (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) and wasting (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98) but not stunting (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01). Precipitation was associated with measures of acute but not chronic malnutrition using both objective and subjective measures of exposure. Sudden reductions in rainfall are likely to have acute adverse effects on child nutritional status.

scholarly journals Prevailing over Adversity: Factors Counteracting the Long-Term Negative Health Influences of Social and Material Disadvantages in Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva Almquist ◽  
Evelina Landstedt ◽  
Josephine Jackisch ◽  
Kristiina Rajaleid ◽  
Hugo Westerlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Swedish Cohort

Disadvantaged circumstances in youth tend to translate into poor health development. However, the fact that this is not always the case has been seen as indicative of differential resilience. The current study highlights factors outside the context of the family with the potential to counteract the long-term negative influences of social and material adversity in adolescence on general health status. This study was based on two waves of questionnaire data from the Northern Swedish Cohort. From the wave in 1981 (age 16), indicators of social and material conditions as well as factors related to school, peers, and spare time were derived. From the wave in 2008 (age 43), information about self-rated health was used. Ordinal logistic regression models (n = 908) showed that adversity in youth was associated with poorer self-rated health in midlife among men and women alike, net of health status at baseline. However, having an advantaged situation with regard to school, peers, or spare time appeared to protect against the detrimental influences of disadvantaged circumstances in the family context on subsequent health. This suggests that health-promoting interventions may benefit from focusing on contexts outside the family in their effort to strengthen processes of resilience among disadvantaged youths.

scholarly journals Who volunteers in Serbia? Motives and value orientations of Serbian volunteers

Sociologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-292
Author(s):  
Bojana Radovanovic ◽  
Ivana Simeunovic
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
Self Transcendence

In this paper, we focus on individual factors that influence on people t o engage in formal volunteering, providing empirical evidence from Serbia. We discussed Batson?s four-motive theory of communal actions. The majority of Serbian volunteers reportedly dedicated their time in order to contribute to the community and to help people in need. Thus, they were driven by collectivism and altruism. The lack of time, lack of solicitation for volunteering and being unable to make long-term commitments were reported as the main barriers to volunteering. Serbian volunteers rarely obtain material and non-material benefits from volunteering, and they do not perceive volunteering as a valuable tool for job success. Then, we focused on Schwartz value theory and its potential to explain pro-social behaviour. Our findings based on descriptive statistics and the independent samples t test show that self-transcendence values are more important for Serbian volunteers than self-enhancement values, and that self-transcendence values are more emphasized among volunteers than among non-volunteers. However, we also found that on average volunteers score higher on self-enhancement value orientation than nonvolunteers. Our findings, based on multiple regression models, cannot confirm that, controlled for other factors, volunteers and non-volunteers have different value orientations. Finally, according to the logistic regression models, Serbian volunteers are more likely to be found among younger, better-educated population, with higher scores on the scale of self-transcendence value orientations.

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