The petrology, geochemistry, and economic potential of the Musquodoboit batholith, Nova Scotia

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MacDonald ◽  
D. B. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Magmatic Differentiation ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
South Mountain Batholith ◽  
Rock Types

The Musquodoboit batholith of southwestern Nova Scotia is a massive, post-tectonic granitoid intrusion that was emplaced into the regionally deformed and metamorphosed Meguma Group metasedimentary rocks. The batholith is composed primarily of medium- to coarse-grained monzogranites into which two small (≈1 km2) porphyries and numerous dykes have been injected. All rocks contain quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, muscovite, and biotite (with the exception of some leucocratic dykes). Cordierite is a major constituent in most monzogranitic rocks and also occurs in some leucocratic dykes. Andalusite and garnet 0are also present as accessory phases in some rocks.Major-element chemical analyses indicate that all rock types in the Musquodoboit batholith are peraluminous. Compositions resemble those of the eastern part South Mountain batholith; however, slightly higher concentrations of Al2O3 and P2O5 distinguish the Musquodoboit batholith from the central part of the South Mountain batholith. Major- and trace-element data indicate that magmatic differentiation has operated; however, the decrease in Σ 8 REE's, Th/U, and K/Rb from monzogranite to dyke rocks suggests that stripping by hydrothermal fluids has also occurred.Various field, petrographic, and geochemical data yield equivocal estimates of the economic potential of the Musquodoboit batholith.

Occurrence, origin, and significance of melagranites in the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. MacDonald ◽  
D. Barrie Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
South Mountain Batholith ◽  
Pelitic Fraction ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Compositional Variations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Melagranites (colour index > 20, with biotite > garnet > cordierite) constitute ∼0.1% of the area of the 7300 km2 peraluminous South Mountain Batholith (SMB), Nova Scotia. The melagranites occur as small bodies showing sharp to gradational contacts against the Meguma Supergroup country rocks, and coeval mingling contacts against other facies of the batholith. They also occur as elliptical or blocky metre-scale enclaves elsewhere in the SMB. Characteristic petrological features of the melagranites include high modal abundances of sulphide minerals, strongly reacted metasedimentary xenoliths, mafic mineral-rich clots, apparent porphyritic textures with highly variable proportions of alkali feldspar megacrysts, and allotriomorphic-granular textures. Chemically and isotopically, melagranite rocks have wide compositional variations. In most major-element, trace-element, and isotopic variation diagrams, the melagranites lie on mixing lines between the more abundant granodioritic and monzogranitic phases of the SMB and the metasedimentary rocks of the Meguma Supergroup. Textural evidence, supported by published experimental evidence, suggests that the garnet, cordierite, and K-feldspar are peritectic phases resulting from incongruent melting of the pelitic fraction of the Meguma metasedimentary country rocks. The field relations, mineral assemblages, textural features, and chemical compositions of the melagranites all point to the melagranites as highly concentrated contamination zones in the SMB, representing small portions of the batholith that have failed either to complete the assimilation process or to disperse their contaminants widely in the batholith. As such, these rarely preserved melagranites provide petrogenetic information disproportionate in importance to their abundance in the batholith, especially about the significant role of contamination and assimilation in determining the physical and chemical composition of the SMB. Without preservation of melagranites in the SMB, and by extension all granite bodies, the petrogenetic importance of contamination is difficult to assess, even with trace-element and isotopic data. The present study shows that high quality field observations are as important in deciphering petrogenesis as chemical data.

Oxygen isotope evidence for the genesis of Upper Paleozoic granitoids from southwestern Nova Scotia

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Longstaffe ◽  
T. E. Smith ◽  
K. Muehlenbachs
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
South Mountain Batholith ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Isotope Evidence ◽  
Alteration Processes

The oxygen isotope ratios for 127 rocks and coexisting minerals from Paleozoic granitoids and clastic metasedimentary rocks of southwestern Nova Scotia have been measured. The whole-rock δ18O values for samples of the South Mountain batholith range from 10.1–12.0‰.But discrete granitoid plutons, located to the south of the South Mountain batholith, have lower δ18O values (7.8–10.4‰). Coexisting minerals from the Nova Scotia granitoids are near isotopic equilibrium, indicating that the whole-rock δ18O values primarily reflect the δ18O of the magma, rather than secondary alteration processes. The Meguma Group clastic metasedimentary rocks that host the Nova Scotia granitoids range in δ18O from 10.1–12.9‰. These clastic metasedimentary rocks show no systematic geographic variation in δ18O. The greenschist facies Meguma Group rocks that host the South Mountain batholith have similar δ18O values to the amphibolite facies equivalents located about the southern discrete plutons. Large scale isotopic exchange between the Meguma Group and the South Mountain batholith, or the southern plutons, is not evident.The relatively high δ18O values of the peraluminous South Mountain batholith (10.1–12.0‰) indicate that it formed by anatexis of 18O-rich clastic metasedimentary rocks. The southern plutons were also derived by partial melting of clastic metasedimentary rocks, but their lower δ18O values reflect exchange of the source material with a low 18O reservoir (mafic magmas?) prior to, or during anatexis.The sheared Brenton pluton is much lower in δ18O (5.0‰) than any of the other rocks, probably because of exchange with low 18O fluids during shearing.

Late Permian – Triassic Granitic Magmatism of western part of the Northern Taimyr: evidence for two magmatic events.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kurapov ◽  
Victoria Ershova ◽  
Andrey Khudoley ◽  
Aleksandr Makariev ◽  
Elena Makarieva
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Taimyr Peninsula ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Peraluminous Granites ◽  
Type Character

<p>The studied intrusions are located within the Northern Taimyr domain (southern part of the Kara terrane) on the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula and on several islands in Kara Sea. Intrusions cut the Lower Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks.</p><p>Late Permian – Early Triassic intrusions are represented by coarse- to medium-grained quartz-syenites and alkali-feldspar-granites. U-Pb dating of these granites yelled age of 253 Ma. Ar-Ar micas ages varies from 236 to 251 Ma. The granites are high- to medium acidic, high alkaline (alkali-calcic to alkalic), ferroan and magnesian, mainly peraluminous. Granites are characterized by relatively low initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio (0.7041) and slightly positive εNd(t) value (1.03).</p><p>Middle – Late Triassic intrusions are represented by coarse-grained granodiorites and granites. U-Pb zircon ages of these granites range from 228 to 238 Ma. Ar-Ar micas and amphibole ages varies from 206 to 235 Ma. They are acidic to low acidic, moderately alkaline (alkali-calcic, calc-alkalic), magnesian, peraluminous and metaluminous. Middle – Late Triassic granites are characterized by higher initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios (0.7045-0.7060) and negative εNd(t) values (-5.47 to -0.80).</p><p>Late Permian – Early Triassic high alkalic predominantly ferroan granites are most likely related to A-type granites. Middle – Late Triassic moderate alkalic magnesian granites have transitional I/S-type character. Thus, Late Permian – Early Triassic granites likely form an outer rim of the Permo-Triassic Siberian plume. Middle – Late Triassic granites of Northern Taimyr were formed from different source with more significant crustal component contribution. Obtained data suggests two magmatic events throughout Early Mesozoic that affected Northern Taimyr.</p><p>This research was supported by RFBR project No. 19-35-90006</p>

Mineralogy, geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopes of the Cretaceous leucogranite from Karamadazı (Kayseri), central Turkey: implications for their sources and geological setting

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerim Kocak
Keyword(s):  
Mafic Magma ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Quartz Diorite ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Nd Isotopes ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Central Turkey

The leucogranite is the major constituent of the bimodal Late Cretaceous Karamadazı granitoid, developed in relation with evolution of the Inner Tauride Ocean along the northern margin of the Taurides in central Turkey. New analyses of minerals major and trace elements (including rare-earth elements (REE)), and of Sr and Nd isotopes are performed to determine the origin and geochemical characteristics of the leucogranites. Medium-coarse-grained leucogranite contains normally zoned plagioclase (An12–20), mildly alkaline biotite, and xenocrystic magneziohornblende, actinolite, and ferrohornblende. It is characterized by concave-up REE patterns with respect to middle–heavy REE. Field relations, mineral chemistry, geochemical data, and isotopic data suggest that the leucogranite could have originated from an amphibole-bearing igneous source in lower to middle crust by low-rate partial melting (<40%) under low pressure and low H2O activity conditions, possibly coupled by mixing–mingling with mafic magma and high-level feldspar and minor biotite fractionation. In contrast, the quartz diorite and mafic microgranular enclave (MME) are probably developed from an enriched mantle, with possible mingling–mixing. MME, quartz diorite, and leucogranite may represent a magmatic suite, which formed in an extensional tectonic regime by bimodal magmatic activity probably because of lithospheric delamination or slab break off or after the Alpine thicken within the Gondwanan Tauride–Anatolide platform. Initial Sr data exhibit an age of 65 ± 13 Ma for the leucogranite, but it does not indicate a true intrusion age of the magma due to isotopic modification of the magma.

Granite-hosted mineral deposits of the New Ross area, South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada: P, T and X constraints of fluids using fluid inclusion thermometry and decrepitate analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Carruzzo ◽  
Daniel J. Kontak ◽  
D. Barrie Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Fluid Inclusion Data ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
South Mountain Batholith ◽  
Highly Evolved

The 370 Ma peraluminous South Mountain Batholith (SMB) intrudes Meguma Supergroup metasedimentary rocks in Nova Scotia. The New Ross area of the SMB contains polymetallic mineralisation (Sn, W, U, Mo, Cu and Mn) in pegmatite, greisen and vein directly or indirectly associated with highly evolved fractions of the SMB. Eight mineral deposits from this area have several fluid inclusion types hosted by quartz: (1) monophase liquid (L); (2) monophase vapour (V); (3) aqueous, L-V (4) aqueous, L-rich + solids; (5) aqueous, L-rich + halite. Inclusions have irregular to equant shapes and are pseudo-secondary or secondary. The irregularity and variability of L:V ratios within fluid inclusion populations suggest post-entrapment modifications of inclusions (i.e. necking).Thermometric data indicate three distinct fluids in terms of salinity: (1) 19-25 wt. % equiv. NaCl (rarely 14-25 wt. % NaCl equiv.), (2) 29-43 wt. % equiv. NaCl, and (3) 0-9 wt. % equiv. NaCl. Temperatures of first melting and ice/hydrohalife melting indicate CaCl2 in solution. Proximity of the deposits to Meguma Supergroup metasedimentary rocks suggests that this Ca component may be externally derived. The majority of the low-salinity fluid population has the composition of meteoric water. Electron microprobe analyses of artificially decrepitated mounds identify Na, Ca and K as major solutes, with a continuum in terms of compositions. Other solute components in the mounds are Fe and Ba, and a variety of metals of unknown speciation also occur (Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni). Homogenisation temperatures (Th) range from c. 80°C to 370°C, but for inclusion assemblages the range is 10°C to 20°C. Given the 3 kbar depth of emplacement of the SMB, estimated entrapment temperatures are c. 200°C to 550°C. The fluid inclusion data appear to reflect: (1) trapping of mixed Na-K-Ca brines during isobaric cooling in pegmatite and greisen deposits as indicated by large ranges in Th; (2) formation of deposits at different ambient pressures (i.e. depth); and (3) mixing of fluids of different reservoirs (i.e. magmatic, metamorphic, meteoric).

Rb–Sr age and geochemical distinctions between the Carboniferous tin-bearing Davis Lake complex and the Devonian South Mountain batholith, Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2044-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Richardson ◽  
Keith Bell ◽  
John Blenkinsop ◽  
David H. Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Biotite Granite ◽  
Granitic Magma ◽  
Trace Element Geochemistry ◽  
Magmatic Differentiation ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
South Mountain Batholith ◽  
Granitoid Rocks ◽  
Meguma Terrane

The Davis Lake complex (DLC), composed of biotite monzogranite, leucomonzogranite, and cassiterite–topaz greisen, hosts the East Kemptville tin mine in southwestern Nova Scotia. The DLC monzogranite contains glomeroporphyritic biotite with ilmenite and many rare-earth-element (REE) bearing accessory minerals, zircon-bearing quartz phenocrysts, and xenoliths of biotite granite. Primary muscovite is rare. Major- and trace-element geochemical trends indicate well-defined, but limited, magmatic differentiation trends. REE patterns of the least-evolved granites are flat and show a Ce/Yb ratio of 10.The DLC was previously considered cogenetic with the Devonian South Mountain batholith (SMB) on the basis of its location, lithologies, and similarities in major- and trace-element geochemistry. However, new Rb–Sr whole-rock isotopic data indicate an Rb–Sr date of 330 ± 7 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates (MSWD) = 2.8) for the DLC, implying that it is at least 35 Ma younger than the SMB. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.727 ± 0.004 is significantly higher than those for other Meguma Terrane granites and is the highest yet reported from Appalachian granitoid rocks. Rb–Sr data from biotite indicate open-system behaviour between 260 and 240 Ma and provide more evidence for previously documented tectonothermal events after 300 Ma in the Meguma Terrane.The peraluminous nature of the DLC, its high Rb/Sr and high 87Sr/86Sr ratios, high P, F, and Sn contents, low Ca and B contents, and high differentiation indices indicate that the complex was derived from a highly evolved felsic source. Geochemical distinctions indicate that the DLC is neither derived from nor cogenetic with the SMB. A more probable source for the DLC magma is a dehydrated felsic granulite from which a previous H2O-, B-, Cl-, and Zn-rich granitic magma (perhaps the SMB) had been extracted. Such a source is analogous to that postulated for A-type granites and topaz rhyolites.The DLC shows more similarities to the "stitching" Carboniferous Appalachian volatile- and metal-rich granites than to Devonian Meguma granites. Unlike most of these Appalachian plutons, which occur marginal to terrane boundaries and were probably crystallized from locally generated, anatectic magmas, the DLC was emplaced in the centre of the most-outboard Meguma Terrane, adjacent to the Tobiatic shear zone.

scholarly journals The importance of in situ crystallisation and loss of interstitial melt during formation of the Kærven Syenite Complex, Kangerlussuaq, East Greenland

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 107-146
Author(s):  
Paul Martin Holm ◽  
Niels-Ole Prægel
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Fractional Crystallisation ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Magma Chambers ◽  
Quartz Syenite ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Residual Melt

The Kærven Syenite Complex (KSC) is one of the oldest felsic intrusions in the Tertiary East Greenland province. Here we update our previous description of the KSC and supply a greatly expanded and comprehensive geochemical dataset. New data allow us to present a more detailed petrogenetic model for the evolution of the KSC and to investigate the geochemical characteristics of igneous cumulates subjected to loss and, occasionally, replacement of residual liquid. The KSC comprises eleven mappable units that generally young westwards. Rock types range from quartz syenite to quartz alkali feldspar syenite and alkali feldspar granite. Individual intrusive units are relatively narrow and steep-sided and are collectively suggested to represent a ring dyke complex. Basement gneiss and gabbro host rocks have locally contaminated the oldest quartz syenite KSC unit, but most of the main part of the complex escaped significant influence from host rocks. A late suite of E–W to NE–SW striking peralkaline dykes of trachytic to phonolitic compositions intrude the KSC. Compositions of the KSC rocks span a considerable range in SiO2, 59–73 wt%. Concentrations of several elements vary widely for a given SiO2 (especially at SiO2 < 66 wt%), and variation diagrams do not suggest a single model for the evolution of the units of the complex. A cumulative origin is envisaged for several KSC units. Geochemical modelling suggests that KSC magmas were derived from more than one primary magma, and that the complex evolved through a four-stage process: fractional crystallisation in precursory magma chambers was followed by final emplacement of each unit, establishment of a crystal/melt mush, expulsion of part of the residual melt and, finally, crystallisation of the remaining melt. Trace element disequilibria between alkali feldspar and host rocks in two closely associated quartz alkali feldspar syenite units indicate that highly evolved residual melt was replaced by a less evolved melt phase. Modelling of potential parent melt compositions to the Kærven magmas suggests an origin not in the Iceland plume asthenosphere, but rather in a moderately enriched source, possibly in the continental lithosphere. The course of melt evolution by fractional crystallisation is indicated to have taken place in magma chambers at depth, and repeated rise of magma into the upper crustal magma chambers and crystallisation there formed the KSC. Based on our survey of published geochemical data, the inferred parental magmas seem to have few equivalents in the North Atlantic Igneous Province and may have been generated mainly from melting of enriched dry lithospheric mantle of possibly Archaean age.

The interplay of regional structure and emplacement mechanisms at the contact of the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia: floor-down or wall-up?

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Culshaw ◽  
Pradeep Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
Wall Rock ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Linear Structures ◽  
The South ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
South Mountain Batholith ◽  
Differential Movement

In southern Nova Scotia, the Devonian South Mountain Batholith was emplaced into metasedimentary rocks of the Cambro-Ordovician Meguma Group at ca. 370 Ma. The contact of the eastern end of the South Mountain Batholith transects at a high angle the trace of subhorizontal, upright Acadian (mid-late Devonian) folds formed in the Meguma Group. At two locations, where the contact is well exposed, there are contrasting structures in the country rocks adjacent to Acadian anticlinoria and synclinoria, respectively. Regional folds are affected by ductile deformation where anticlinoria abut the batholith but are undisturbed at the synclinoria. At the anticlinorial contacts, the metasedimentary bedding youngs towards the granite, and granite side-down shear resulted in a belt in which bedding is transposed to a new contact-parallel fabric. Deflection of linear structures that were initially horizontal in the Acadian folds (e.g., intersection lineations) illustrates the granite side-down shear. The reorientation of initially horizontal linear structures gradually diminishes as the contact is followed from the anticlinoria to the synclinoria, where the regional fold geometry is preserved right up to the contact, showing that there is no granite side-down shear in the synclinoria at the present level of erosion. Two models that potentially explain this variation in contact structure are discussed. In the first, it is explained as an artifact of emplacement of the batholith late in the growth of the Acadian folds, in which the horizontal, upright anticlinoria amplified and moved upward relative to the pluton. A shear zone was formed parallel to the contact along the thermally softened tip of the anticlinoria. The synclinoria remained fixed vertically and there was no differential movement between granite and country rock. Thus, regional structures and evidence for stoping are most widely preserved in the synclinoria, where they were not overprinted by the marginal shearing. The second model invokes floor-down emplacement of magma into folds of layered sediments with contrasting mechanical properties. The erosion surface within the synclinoria intersects slates of the Halifax Formation with mechanical properties that favour emplacement predominantly by dyking and stoping. Below the level of erosion, the stratigraphically underlying Goldenville Formation, having different mechanical properties than the Halifax, presumably is displaced downwards predominantly by ductile deformation (pure and simple shear). Within the anticlinoria, where the Goldenville Formation is exposed, the requirement of a level pluton floor necessitates that downward deflection is accompanied by relatively high ductile strains in the wall rock. A third possible model that combines features of the syntectonic and floor-down models is an obvious option.

Postorogenic alkali feldspar granite and associated pegmatites in West Avalonia: the petrology of the Neoproterozoic Georgeville Pluton, Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brendan Murphy ◽  
Alan J Anderson ◽  
Doug A Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Geological Constraints ◽  
Canadian Appalachians

The 579.8 ± 2.2 Ma (40Ar-39Ar, muscovite) Georgeville Pluton in mainland Nova Scotia is an epizonal body consisting of alkali feldspar granite and related pegmatite. The pluton intrudes the ca. 619-608 Ma arc-related rocks of the Georgeville Group, which comprises part of West Avalonia, the largest terrane in the Canadian Appalachians. The granite is characterized by above-average SiO2, Th, Nb, Y, and Zr; very low CaO, TiO2, MgO, FeO, and MnO; and most notably by positively sloped rare earth element (REE) profiles generated by extreme light REE depletion. Tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest a within-plate environment, with many, but not all, geochemical and mineralogical features resembling A-type granites. Numerous local and regional geological constraints indicate that the pluton was intruded in a trancurrent setting following the cessation of Neoproterozoic arc-related magmatism along the West Avalonian portion of the Gondwanan continental margin. Geochemical data are consistent with derivation by partial melting of depleted crust or upper mantle followed by extreme fractionation, including REE-rich accessory phases.

scholarly journals Architectural Significance of Granite and Other Durable Rocks in the Context of India – An Analytical Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Piyasi Bharasa ◽  
Anadi Gayen
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Pyramid ◽  
Architectural Significance ◽  
The Impact

Architectures created through the cutting of naturally occurred massive rocks include different structures, buildings, tombs, monuments, caves and sculptures. On account of hard and tough property, the granite is considered as strong construction stone in human history. Granite is very common in the continental crust of our mother earth. It is characterised as coarse grained plutonic intrusive igneous rock and is composed of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase. Typical mineralogical character and textural varieties of granite facilitates to develop a wide range of colours, which include white, pink and grey etc. Granite rocks established itself as praiseworthy architecture stone since historical past because of its distinctive character like durability, appreciable finishing, fascinating polish nature and above all its magnificent colour diversities. As architectural stone, the granitic rocks demand attraction owing to the combination of style and elegance. The application of granitic rocks is witnessed in the ancient world through the mesmerising major architectures in India and around the world like Mount Rushmore, Washington Monument, Great Pyramid of Giza; Ajanta and Ellora caves, monolithic structure in the Zagwe-built Lalibela in Ethiopia along with in most of the long-lived old Indian temples, old forts and monuments etc. The monolithic free-standing architecture is generally rock-cut structures as depicted in the Ellora Kailasanathar Temple. The biggest monolithic statue in world, the Gommateshwara statue of Bahubali at Shravanabelagola present in the Indian state at Karnataka was carved in the 983 CE from a single block of granite rock. The radioactivity stuff in the granite is an important concern to the people in recent world. Even though the impact of radioactivity is proved mostly very less harmful to mankind, current research indicates that few granite products are showing radioactive substance index beyond permissible limit of the specified standard, which is responsible for environmental pollution during the use for long. Therefore, due attention is required towards the pertinent issue of radioactivity in the granite stones. Apart from granite, many of the architectures in India are created by the other rock types that include rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks.

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