Utilizing multi-channel airborne gamma-ray spectra

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1793-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Dickson ◽  
R. C. Bailey ◽  
R. L. Grasty
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Detector Distance ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Absorbing Material ◽  
Sodium Iodide Detector ◽  
Source Concentration

Experimental studies using a large-volume sodium iodide detector system show how the potassium, uranium, and thorium gamma-ray spectra vary with altitude above the ground. The shapes of the spectra were derived from measurements on large radioactive concrete calibration slabs using plywood sheets to simulate the absorption of the gamma radiation in the air. A mathematical analysis of the data showed that within the range covered by the experiment (0–112 m of air) the spectra of each of the three radioelements are made up essentially of two spectral components, whose proportions vary with the amount of absorbing material between the source and the detector. With this knowledge, it is shown how all the basic information relating to source–detector distance and source concentration may be extracted from the airborne gamma-ray spectrum.

An experimental test of a large‐volume plastic detector for use in aerial gamma‐ray spectroscopy

Geophysics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432-1438
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Duval ◽  
James A. Pitkin
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Plastic Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectroscopy

A large‐volume plastic detector for use in aerial gamma‐ray spectroscopy has been evaluated by the U. S. Geological Survey. The purpose of the evaluation was to compare the plastic polyvinyl toluene (PVT) detector with thallium‐activated sodium iodide [NaI(T1)] detectors in ability to define the surface distribution of gamma radiation from the decay of natural thorium, uranium, and potassium. Good performance from PVT detectors will allow aerial gamma‐ray detection to be less expensive and much less susceptible to physical or thermal shock compared to the use of NaI(T1) detectors. The experimental results indicate that PVT detectors can be used to measure the surface distribution of potassium (K), equivalent uranium (eU), and equivalent thorium (eTh). However, because of the relatively low‐energy resolution of the PVT detector and the subsequent increased interference among the energy windows used to measure K, eU, and eTh, the results of data reduction are statistically less accurate than those obtained using NaI(T1).

A COMPILATION OF GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA (SODIUM IODIDE DETECTOR)

1970 ◽  
pp. 323-467
Author(s):  
C.E. CROUTHAMEL ◽  
C. GATROUSIS ◽  
S.J. GOSLOVICH ◽  
R. DAMS ◽  
F. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sodium Iodide Detector

Comparison of Lead, Copper and Aluminium as Gamma Radiation Shielding Material through Experimental Measurements and Simulation Using MCNP Version 4c

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20193-20206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Akhlak Bin Aziz ◽  
Md. Faisal Rahman ◽  
Md. Mahidul Haque Prodhan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Simulation Monte Carlo ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Code Version

The paper compares  Lead, Copper and Aluminium as gamma radiation shielding material using both experimental and simulation techniques. Cs- 137 (662KeV), Na-22 (511KeV) and Na- 22(1274KeV) were used as gamma radiation sources and a sodium iodide (NaI) detector was used to detect the radiation. Variations were noted for detected gamma count rates by changing shielding material thickness. In the experimental approach, thickness was varied by placing sheets of a particular test material one by one. For simulation, Monte Carlo n- Particle (MCNP) code version 4c was used and the geometry of the whole experimental setup was plotted in it. The results were then compared for each test material and it was found that lead is the best shielding material for gamma radiation followed by copper and aluminium.

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of nanostructured CdHgTe Thin Films

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Babu ◽  
K Mohanraj ◽  
S Chandrasekar ◽  
N Senthil Kumar ◽  
B Mohanbabu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
Polycrystalline Structure ◽  
Dc Electrical Conductivity

CdHgTe thin films were grown onto glass substrate via the Chemical bath deposition technique. XRD results indicate that a CdHgTe formed with a cubic polycrystalline structure. The crystallinity of CdHgTe thin films is gradually deteriorate with increasing the gamma irradiation. EDS spectrums confirms the presence of Cd, Hg and Te elements. DC electrical conductivity results depicted the conductivity of CdHgTe increase with increasing a gamma ray dosage

An investigation of effects of level density models and gamma ray strength functions on cross-section calculations for the production of 90Y, 153Sm, 169Er, 177Lu and 186Re therapeutic radioisotopes via (n,γ) reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mert Şekerci ◽  
Hasan Özdoğan ◽  
Abdullah Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Level Density ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Level Density Models ◽  
Strength Functions ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Abstract One of the methods used to treat different cancer diseases is the employment of therapeutic radioisotopes. Therefore, many clinical, theoretical and experimental studies are being carried out on those radioisotopes. In this study, the effects of level density models and gamma ray strength functions on the theoretical production cross-section calculations for the therapeutic radioisotopes 90Y, 153Sm, 169Er, 177Lu and 186Re in the (n,γ) route have been investigated. TALYS 1.9 code has been used by employing different level density models and gamma ray strength functions. The theoretically obtained data were compared with the experimental data taken from the literature. The results are presented graphically for better interpretation.

scholarly journals Magnetar X-ray emission mechanisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
Silvia Zane
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
Surface Fields

AbstractSoft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) are peculiar X-ray sources which are believed to be magnetars: ultra-magnetized neutron stars which emission is dominated by surface fields (often in excess of 1E14 G, i.e. well above the QED threshold).Spectral analysis is an important tool in magnetar astrophysics since it can provide key information on the emission mechanisms. The first attempts at modelling the persistent (i.e. outside bursts) soft X-ray (¡10 keV) spectra of AXPs proved that a model consisting of a blackbody (kT 0.3-0.6 keV) plus a power-law (photon index 2-4) could successfully reproduce the observed emission. Moreover, INTEGRAL observations have shown that, while in quiescence, magnetars emit substantial persistent radiation also at higher energies, up to a few hundreds of keV. However, a convincing physical interpretation of the various spectral components is still missing.In this talk I will focus on the interpretation of magnetar spectral properties during quiescence. I will summarise the present status of the art and the currents attempts to model the broadband persistent emission of magnetars (from IR to hard Xrays) within a self consistent, physical scenario.

scholarly journals Testing for presence of radioactivity in BC Pacific Ocean’s seafood supply

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Luan ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Bobby Sidhu ◽  
Abderrachid Zitouni
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

  Abstract: Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant incident in March 2011, large quantities of contaminated water were released to the Pacific Ocean in Japan. The severity of contamination on the marine environment is unclear, therefore, the public is concerned with the possible internal radiation exposure from ingesting contaminated seafood products caught in the Pacific Ocean. This study was aimed to investigate the presence or absence of gamma radioactivity in commonly consumed seafood products from B.C. In total, ten different species of fish and three different species of shellfish were selected for analysis. For each species of fish, two samples were collected and each sample was from a different local seafood market. For each species of shellfish, ten samples were collected from three different sources. Using the portable GR-135 Plus gamma ray spectrometer, the samples were tested and analyzed for the presence of Fukushima radionuclides, particularly Cesium-137 (Cs-137) and Cesium- 134 (Cs-134).Based on the analyzed fish and shellfish, no gamma radiation was detected. The detector did not identify any gamma radiation over the normal background readings.  

THE TOTAL GAMMA RAY ACTIVITY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AS INDICATED BY GEIGER COUNTER DETERMINATIONS

Geophysics ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Geiger Counter ◽  
Rock Samples

Geiger counter determinations of the gamma ray intensity of 510 rock samples have been made to determine the average radioactivity and frequency distribution of radioactivities of the various types of sedimentary rocks. The results, expressed in units of gamma ray intensity, show that limestones, sandstones and dolomites are of relatively low radioactivity, shales much higher, and black bituminous shales highest of all. The new data on the gamma radiation of the sediments may be used to improve the interpretation of radioactivity logs and to determine the value of surface radioactivity surveys.

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