Lower Devonian conodonts from the Karheen Formation, southeastern Alaska

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Savage

Conodonts from the eastern end of Heceta Island and from a small island of the Ham Island group in the Karheen Passage, southeastern Alaska, include Ozarkodina eberleini n. sp., Eognathodus sulcatus Philip, Pandorinellina exigua philipi (Klapper), Icriodus angustoides castilianus Carls, and Pelekysgnathus klamathensis Savage. Both localities are in the Karheen Formation. The age of the faunas is considered to be early Pragian (Faunal units 5 and 6 of Klapper et al.). The early form of Eognathodus sulcatus predominates in the Heceta Island collection from Locality 1, suggesting Fauna 5, and the late form predominates in the Ham Island collection from Locality 2, suggesting Fauna 6. A middle Early Devonian age for the faunas is significant in that Locality 1 is also USGS locality 2689 which previously has yielded brachiopod and coral faunas considered to be of Late Silurian age.

Author(s):  
John Graham ◽  
Nancy Riggs

The Silurian Croagh Patrick succession, which crops out just south of a fundamental Caledonian structural zone near Clew Bay, western Ireland, is a series of psammites and pelites with a strong penetrative cleavage. These rocks are intruded by the Corvock granite. A suite of minor intrusions associated with the granite contains the regional cleavage whereas the Corvock granite is undeformed. New U-Pb dates are 413 + 7 / -4 Ma for a strongly cleaved sill and 410 ± 4 Ma for the main granite and closely constrain the age of crystallization of the granite and coeval cleavage formation as Lower Devonian (Lochkovian or Pragian), implying syn- to late-kinematic granite emplacement. These data are consistent with evidence for strong sinistral shear shown by the Ox Mountains granodiorite just to the north-east dated at 412.3 ± 0.8 Ma. This Devonian cleavage is superimposed on Ordovician rocks of the South Mayo Trough. The localisation of the strong deformation is interpreted as being due to its position at a restraining bend during regional sinistral motion on a segment of the Fair Head-Clew Bay Line to the north. Contemporaneous deformation in the syn-kinematic Donegal batholith suggests a transfer of sinistral motion to this intra-Grampian structure rather than simple along-strike linkage to the Highland Boundary Fault in Scotland. Our new data indicate diachronous deformation during the late Silurian and early Devonian history of the Irish and Scottish Caledonides and also support previous interpretations of diachronous deformation between these areas and the Appalachian orogens.


Author(s):  
Henning Blom

NOTE: This monograph was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this monograph, for example: Blom, H. (1999). Vertebrate remains from Upper Silurian – Lower Devonian beds of Hall Land, North Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 182, 1-80. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v182.5126 _______________ Vertebrate microscopic remains of twenty-six taxa of thelodonts, heterostracans, osteostracans, anaspids, acanthodians and chondrichthyans are described from limestone beds in two localities of Late Silurian - Early Devonian age of the Chester Bjerg Formation, Hall Land, North Greenland. The limestone beds form a minor part of a monotonous calcareous sandstone-siltstone-mudstone sequence at the top of the Franklinian Basin succession.Stratigraphical recognition using several thelodont and acanthodian taxa, supported by regional geological and structural trends, suggests a Silurian-Devonian boundary interval between beds of the Halls Grav and Monument localities. This possible resolution of the previous problematic correlation between the two distant sections of monotonous nature demonstrates the potential biostratigraphic utility of thelodonts in Silurian -Devonian marine successions.The Chester Bjerg Formation thelodont assemblage is unique with several new endemic taxa, but Loganellia cf. L. tuvaensis is very similar to the type material of the Tuva region south of Siberia, Russia and indicates a Late Silurian age for the beds of the Halls Grav locality. Canonia cf. C. grossi suggests an Early Devonian age for the Monument locality, since Canonia is so far only found in Lower Devonian marine strata of Arctic Canada and Russia. Fragments of cosmopolitan acanthodian genera such as Poracanthodes, Gomphonchus and Nostolepis are found together with heterostracans, osteostracans, anaspids and chondrichthyans at both localities but do not give a more exact age determination than Late Silurian - Early Devonian. New thelodont taxa are Loganellia almgreeni sp. nov., Paralogania foliala sp. nov., Praetrilogania grabion gen. et sp. nov. and Thulolepis striaspina gen. et sp. nov. Nostolepis halli sp. nov. is a new acanthodian species.


1998 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. WELLMAN ◽  
R. G. THOMAS ◽  
D. EDWARDS ◽  
P. KENRICK

Upper Silurian–Lower Devonian ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ facies deposits cropping out in southwest Wales are poorly age-constrained and difficult to correlate. Spore assemblages have been recovered from sequences of these deposits belonging to the lower part of the Cosheston Group. The spore assemblages are equated with the breconensis–zavallatus and polygonalis–emsiensis Spore Assemblage Biozones and indicate an early Devonian age (late Gedinnian (late Lochkovian)–Siegenian (Pragian)). The new biostratigraphical data enable correlation of the lower part of the Cosheston Group with the Senni Beds from the main outcrop of the Lower Devonian in South Wales and the Welsh Borderland. In addition, the new age data and stratigraphical correlation place important plant megafossil assemblages from the Cosheston Group and Senni Beds in a more secure stratigraphical framework, thus facilitating comparisons with other Lower Devonian plant megafossil assemblages and enhancing palaeobotanical understanding. Evidence from palynofacies analysis supports sedimentological interpretations which suggest that the ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ facies deposits belonging to the Cosheston Group accumulated in a continental fluviatile environment.


1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2928-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Savage ◽  
Michael Churkin Jr. ◽  
G. Donald Eberlein

Conodonts from a limestone interval exposed above Port St. Nicholas, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, include Pandorinellina exigua philipi (Klapper), Eognathodus sulcatus Philip, and Pelekysgnathus serratus Jentzsch. These conodonts indicate an early to middle Pragian age (informal faunal units 5 or 6 of Klapper et al). This middle Early Devonian age is supported by the presence of the graptolites Monograptus yukonensis, M. craigensis, and M. pacificus in shales above the limestone and by some shelly fossils from within the limestone.


1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Chong-Yang ◽  
Dou Ya-Wei ◽  
D. Edwards

AbstractDetailed descriptions of plant remains from a late Silurian (Pridoli) locality in Xinjiang Province, northwest China are presented. They include Junggaria spinosa Dou, interpreted as identical with Cooksonella sphaerica Senkevich, Salopella xingjiangensis Dou, and a number of sterile axes, including one with a leafy appearance superficially resembling a lycophyte, and others of probable algal affinity. Lack of anatomical and reproductive characteristics precludes a more precise assessment of relationships. A justification for the Pridoli rather than Lower Devonian age of the assemblage is based on graptolites. The composition of the assemblage is compared with coeval ones from Europe, North America, north Africa and Kazakhstan and has closest similarities with the latter. Palaeogeographic proximity on the Kazakhstan palaeocontinent is postulated, but the dearth of global Silurian occurrences of land plants make it premature to evaluate the significance of Kazakhstan and Chinese assemblages in terms of global provincialism in the late Silurian. The most distinctive element in these assemblages (Junggaria/Cooksonella) has sporangia with more complex, indeed more enigmatic organization, than seen in most Silurian and early Devonian rhyniophytoids.


2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Holloway ◽  
Juan J. Rustán

The trilobite Reedops is documented from strata probably corresponding to the middle part of the Talacasto Formation in the Sierra de las Minitas, at the northernmost extent of the Precordillera in La Rioja Province, northwestern Argentina. The specimens resemble the type species of the genus, R. bronni, indicating a Pragian (Early Devonian) age for the strata, and suggesting the occurrence at this time of faunal exchange between the Old World Realm, particularly the Bohemian area, and the Malvinokaffric Realm. The taxon represents the first Early Devonian macrofaunal element in the Malvinokaffric Realm with global biostratigraphical significance.


1974 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
S.E Bendix-Almgreen ◽  
J.S Peel

During investigation of collections from North Greenland made by P. R. Dawes and J. H. Allaart, as part of Operation Grant Land 1965-66, one of the authors (J. S. P.) found vertebrate remains in samples which had been subjected to acetic acid digestion. The vertebrate material was subsequently examined by S.E.R.A. who found it to comprise thelodonts, heterostracans and acanthodians (illustrated in Bendix-Almgreen, in press) suggestive of an approximate late Silurian (Pridoli) - Lower Devonian age. This age is in general agreement with the late Silurian - early Devonian date suggested by Berry et al. (this report) for graptolites from stratigraphically slightly lower beds in the same sequenee of strata in western Hall Land. The two age determinations provide the first palaeontological evidence for the presenee of late Silurian (Pridoli) and early Devonian strata in the Franklinian geosynclinal sequence of North Greenland.


Author(s):  
И.А. Уткина ◽  
В.В. Рубцов

Ранняя (Quercus robur var. praecox Czern.) и поздняя (Q. robur var. tardiflora Czern.) фенологические формы дуба черешчатого, выделенные в самостоятельные таксоны в середине XIX в., неоднократно становились объектами исследований для специалистов разного профиля. Собрано немало данных о различиях в их росте, требованиях к условиям местообитания, устойчивости к неблагоприятным внешним факторам. Иногда кроме ранней и поздней феноформ выделяют еще и промежуточные между ними. Наиболее отчетливо различия между феноформами, обусловленные разными сроками листораспускания, проявляются в реакции на поздние весенние заморозки и повреждение листвы насекомыми-филлофагами. Так как на деревьях поздней формы листовые и цветочные почки раскрываются намного позже, чем на ранней, поздняя форма избегает повреждения весенними заморозками. Кроме того, обладая меньшей способностью к формированию летних побегов, она меньше повреждается и ранними осенними заморозками, а также зимними морозами, что способствует образованию у нее более прямых и полнодревесных стволов, по сравнению с ранней формой. Ранняя форма чаще и сильнее повреждается филлофагами ранневесеннего комплекса, у которых отрождение гусениц из яиц синхронизировано с раскрытием почек и распусканием листьев. Есть данные, что видовой состав вредителей листвы на деревьях ранней и поздней форм дуба при их совместном произрастании примерно одинаков, зато численность отдельных видов филлофагов и их соотношение различны. На деревьях ранней формы их больше в несколько раз, что объясняется совпадением фаз развития большинства ранневесенних видов филлофагов и листвы этой формы дуба. Согласно результатам проведенных исследований, поздняя форма предпочтительнее для создания лесных культур дуба как более устойчивая к неблагоприятным погодным условиям и насекомым-вредителям. Early (Quercus robur var. praecox Czern.) and late (Q. robur var. tardiflora Czern.) phenological forms of the common oak, recognized as independent taxa in the mid-nineteenth century, have been subjects of multiple studies by specialists of different fields. Abundant data on the differences in their growth requirements, habitat conditions, and resistance to unfavorable external factors have been collected. Some specialists in addition to early and late phenoforms distinguish intermediate forms. Most clearly the differences between these forms appear in response to late spring frosts and damage of leaves by phyllophagous insects due to different timing of the forms' leafing. As leaf and flower buds in late oaks are revealed much later than in early oaks, late form avoids damage by spring frosts. In addition, due to lower ability to form summer shoots, late oaks are less damaged by early autumn frosts and winter freeze, which contributes to the formation of more straight and full trunks comparing to early oaks. Early oaks are damaged more severely by phyllophagous insects of spring complex, in which hatching of caterpillars from eggs is synchronized with opening buds and unfolding of leaves. There is evidence that species composition of foliage pests on co-occurant early and late forms of oak is nearly the same, but the number of individual species of phyllophagous insects and their ratio are different. In the early form the number of phyllophagous insects is greater by several fold due to concurrence of developmental phases in most early spring phyllophagous species and foliage of this oak form. The obtained results show that the late form of common oak is preferable for forest plantations as more resistant to unfavorable weather conditions and insect pests.


Author(s):  
Alexander J.P. Houben ◽  
Geert-Jan Vis

Abstract Knowledge of the stratigraphic development of pre-Carboniferous strata in the subsurface of the Netherlands is very limited, leaving the lithostratigraphic nomenclature for this time interval informal. In two wells from the southwestern Netherlands, Silurian strata have repeatedly been reported, suggesting that these are the oldest ever recovered in the Netherlands. The hypothesised presence of Silurian-aged strata has not been tested by biostratigraphic analysis. A similar lack of biostratigraphic control applies to the overlying Devonian succession. We present the results of a palynological study of core material from wells KTG-01 and S05-01. Relatively low-diversity and poorly preserved miospore associations were recorded. These, nonetheless, provide new insights into the regional stratigraphic development of the pre-Carboniferous of the SW Netherlands. The lower two cores from well KTG-01 are of a late Silurian (Ludlow–Pridoli Epoch) to earliest Devonian (Lochkovian) age, confirming that these are the oldest sedimentary strata ever recovered in the Netherlands. The results from the upper cored section from the pre-Carboniferous succession in well KTG-01 and the cored sections from the pre-Carboniferous succession in well S05-01 are more ambiguous. This inferred Devonian succession is, in the current informal lithostratigraphy of the Netherlands, assigned to the Banjaard group and its subordinate Bollen Claystone formation, of presumed Frasnian (i.e. early Late Devonian) age. Age-indicative Middle to Late Devonian palynomorphs were, however, not recorded, and the overall character of the poorly preserved palynological associations in wells KTG-01 and S05-01 may also suggest an Early Devonian age. In terms of lithofacies, however, the cores in well S05-01 can be correlated to the upper Frasnian – lower Famennian Falisolle Formation in the Campine Basin in Belgium. Hence, it remains plausible that an unconformity separates Silurian to Lower Devonian strata from Upper Devonian (Frasnian–Famennian) strata in the SW Netherlands. In general, the abundance of miospore associations points to the presence of a vegetated hinterland and a relatively proximal yet relatively deep marine setting during late Silurian and Early Devonian times. This differs markedly from the open marine depositional settings reported from the Brabant Massif area to the south in present-day Belgium, suggesting a sediment source to the north. The episodic presence of reworked (marine) acritarchs of Ordovician age suggests the influx of sedimentary material from uplifted elements on the present-day Brabant Massif to the south, possibly in relation to the activation of a Brabant Arch system.


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