Petrology and Sedimentation of Huronian Arenites, South of Espanola, Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Casshyap
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
The North ◽  
Potassic Feldspar ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Granitoid Rocks

The five arenaceous lithostratigraphic units of the Huronian sequence recognized in the Espanola–Willisville area are the Mississagi, Espanola, Serpent, and the Lorrain Formation, as also the intercalated zone which forms the uppermost subdivision of the Gowganda Formation.The bulk of the Huronian arenites is a mixed assemblage of fine, medium, and coarse subarkose, and arkose which are either poorly sorted, muddy fine-to-medium grained (Mississagi, calcareous Espanola, lower Serpent) and muddy medium-to-coarse grained (lower and middle Lorrain), or, moderately well-sorted, medium-to-coarse grained (middle and upper Serpent and intercalated zone). There is, however, one unit in the upper part of the Huronian sequence (uppermost Lorrain) which is a brilliant white supermature quartzarenite. Among the notable petrographic features are a lower quartz – feldspar ratio, rock fragments of metasedimentary and metavolcanic origin, and occasionally occurring rounded quartz. The feldspathic debris for these arenites was derived largely from the older granitoid rocks similar to the 'Algoman granite' of the Canadian Shield to the north of the study area and partly from the supracrustal rocks infolded in the granitoid terrain. Dominance of plagioclase (oligoclase ?) over potassic feldspar and their overall freshness in the arenites may suggest that the source rocks by and large were not deeply weathered,An integrated analysis of lithologie association and sedimentary characters, including texture and mineralogy of the arenites, possibly indicates a near-shore depositional environment (? fluviatile-deltaic) for several Huronian arenites (Mississagi, Serpent, intercalated zone, and middle and upper Lorrain); some may be deltaic-marine (lower part of lower Lorrain). Calcareous Espanola was perhaps deposited beyond the shoreline partly in deeper waters and partly in shallow turbulent environment. Likewise, clean white quartzarenite of top Lorrain may represent deposition in the turbulent fore-shore zone (beach or shelf).

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of the hydrocarbon source rock potential of central and western North Greenland

1985 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
F.G Christiansen ◽  
H Nøhr-Hansen ◽  
F Rolle ◽  
P Wrang
Keyword(s):  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Source Rock ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Oil Generation ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
North Greenland

During the 1984 field season potential hydrocarbon source rocks were studied in central and western North Greenland. Samples from most lithostratigraphic units were collected from Freuchen Land in the north-east to Washington Land in the south-west. Preliminary results from LECO, Rock-Eval and palynofacies analyses suggest that some intervals in the Cambrian shelf sequence and in the Ordovician and Silurian trough sequence have enough organic matter to qualify as source rocks. Most of the trough sequence is, however, thermally postrnature with respect to oil generation and only the Cambrian Brønlund Fjord Group is expected to have been the source of the oil accumulations in the subsurface.

Rembang Zone Petroleum Play, Stratigraphic and Petrographic Analysis of Ngrayong Formation as Reservoir, Jamprong Area, Tuban, East Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D., S. Reka
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Sandstone Facies

The following research took place in the Jamprong area, Tuban Regency, East Java Province within a study area of 2 km2. Physiographically, the study area is situated in the anticlinorium of the Rembang Zone. This research aims to define the reservoir potential of outcrop samples from the Ngrayong Formation as an analogue for the subsurface. In addition, the depositional environment and the age of the rock in the research area was determined. The Ngrayong Formation is regarded as a potential reservoir in the North East Java Basin. The accumulated data consists of stratigraphy, petrographic analysisand paleontological analysis of rock samples, and geological mapping has been carried out to determine the distribution of rocks. Facies were determined based on outcrop observations and comprise predominantly arkose sandstone facies with fine – coarse grained, moderately sorted and with cross-bedding, herringbone, and lamination, and another facies namely massive carbonate grainstone. Based on these facies, the interpreted depositional environment is the transition of tidal flat to shallow marine carbonate platform with relative biostratigraphic age of Middle Miocene, Langhian to Serravallian (M6-M8 planktonic foraminiferal biozones). Rocks in the study area have porosity >20% or very good and permeability >130 or fair based on petrographic observations, and this supports the interpretation of the Ngrayong Formations as a potential reservoir of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Provenance of Paleocene–Eocene red beds from NE Iraq: constraints from framework petrography

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUATASAM MAHMOOD HASSAN ◽  
BRIAN G. JONES ◽  
SOLOMON BUCKMAN ◽  
ALI ISMAEL AL-JUBORY ◽  
FAHAD MUBARAK AL GAHTANI
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Red Beds ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Bed

AbstractThe red-bed deposits in northern Iraq are situated in an active foreland basin adjacent to the Zagros Orogenic Belt, bound to the north by the Iranian plate thrust over the edge of the Arabian plate. The red-bed successions are composed of alternating red and brown silty mudstones, purplish red calcareous siltstone, fine- to coarse-grained pebbly sandstone and conglomerate. The red beds in the current study can be divided into four parts showing a trend of upward coarsening with fine-grained deposits at the top. A detailed petrographic study was carried out on the sandstone units. The clastic rocks consist mainly of calcite cemented litharenite with rock fragments (volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary), quartz and minor feldspar. The petrographic components reflect the tectonic system in the source area, laterally ranging from a mixed orogenic and magmatic arc in Mawat–Chwarta area to recycled orogenic material rich in sedimentary rock fragments in the Qandel area. The Cretaceous–Palaeogene foreland basin of northern Iraq formed to the southwest of the Zagros Suture Zone and the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone of western Iran. During Palaeogene time deposition of the red beds was caused by renewed shortening in the thrust sheets overlying the Arabian margin with uplift of radiolarites (Qulqula Formation), resulting in an influx of radiolarian debris in addition to continuing ophiolitic detritus. Mixed sources, including metamorphic, volcanic and sedimentary terranes, were present during deposition of the upper part of the red beds.

VI.—The Petrology and Sedimentation of Upper Ordovician Rocks in the Rhinns of Galloway, South-west Scotland

1962 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Kelling
Keyword(s):  
Source Area ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nearby Source

SynopsisThe petrology of a group of geosynclinal rudites and arenites of Upper Ordovician age from the Rhinns of Galloway, south-west Scotland, is described. The rudites are confined to the oldest formation, the Corsewall Group, and consist of pebbly microbreccias and “boulder-beds” interbedded with coarse greywackes and platy siltstones. The composition of the microbreccias and boulder-beds varies little with stratigraphic level.The arenites comprise lithic, coarse-grained greywackes with occasional quartzose or feldspathic varieties. They carry, in aggregate, a wide range of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock-fragments, quartz of variable source, a variety of feldspars, ferromagnesian minerals, micas, chlorites and a common to conspicuous argillaceous matrix. The greywackes are well defined stratigraphically as regards both overall composition and the character of the large mineral grains and rock-fragments (“granules”). Moreover composition appears to be related to grain-size in a consistent manner. The size-distribution, sorting and skewness of the greywackes based on thin section measurements show little stratigraphic variation.The aggregate suite of heavy minerals is meagre and only minor differences exist in the individual formation-suites.The character of the rock-fragments and mineral grains suggests that the earlier formations were derived from a nearby source-area in which plutonic and hypabyssal acid and basic igneous rocks were extensively exposed, together with spilitic lavas and glaucophane schists. The petrology of the upper formations reveals that a metamorphic terrain of Southern Highlands aspect became an important additional source of material. However, the highest beds were derived from a region dominated by andesitic and spilitic tuffs and lavas.The principal directional sedimentary structures are described briefly and it is suggested that the lower part of the Corsewall Group, derived mainly from the north and north-east, was deposited in a sheltered pro-delta environment, but that the boulder-beds and associated rocks were formed within a more boisterous region. The Kirkcolm Group is a turbidite-sequence deposited in a marine trough of moderate depth by currents which at first flowed dominantly in opposing directions, towards either north-east or south-west. However, transport from the north-east became progressively established. The Portpatrick Group is another turbidite-sequence but this formation was deposited by currents flowing from the west or south-west.

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Upper Silurian rocks, northern Somerset Island, Arctic Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Jones ◽  
Owen A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
North Coast ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Detrital Sediment ◽  
Somerset Island

Late Silurian subtidal, interidal, and supratidal rocks are widely and complexly associated along the north coast of Somerset Island. The Read Bay Formation in the northwest, a subtidal limestone facies with brachiopod–coral faunas, is at least in part the lateral equivalent to the Leopold Formation in the northeast, the latter being an intertidal–supratidal facies of predominantly unfossiliferous dolomitic and sandy carbonate rocks. In intervening areas, the two fades intercalate widely, resulting in sections in which both subtidal and intertidal–supratidal sequences alternate repeatedly. The latter have been referred provisionally to the Read Bay Formation, although subsequent work may justify the designation of new lithostratigraphic units in the area of intercalation.The intertidal–supratidal rocks contain considerable quantities of texturally and mineralogically immature, sand-sized, detrital quartz, feldspar, and mica, apparently derived from nearby. The subtidal rocks also commonly contain large amounts (up to 50%) of clay- to silt-sized quartz, dolomite, muscovite, and clay minerals. The detrital sediment and the close association of subtidal and intertidal–supratidal rocks suggest that these Late Silurian rocks are part of a basin–margin succession flanking a low-lying land mass situated to the north and northeast. A general increase in the proportion of detrital sediment and greater persistence of near-shore carbonate facies toward the east suggest either greater proximity to a shoreline or a more persistently elevated land area in that direction.

Tectonic, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic significance of a regional discontinuity in the upper Judith River Group (Belly River wedge) of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and northern Montana

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Eberth ◽  
Anthony P. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rock ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Isostatic Rebound ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Alberta Basin ◽  
Dinosaur Park Formation

The lithostratigraphic interval between the Taber and Lethbridge coal zones in the upper portion of the nonmarine Judith River Group of southeastern Alberta is divisible into two lithostratigraphic units separated by a regionally extensive and diachronous discontinuity. The lower unit, referred to here as the Oldman Formation, is characterized by very fine grained to fine-grained sandstones that contain fewer than 2% volcanic rock fragments; sandstone bodies with numerous sets of horizontally stratified sandstone, showing little or no evidence of lateral accretion; siliceous paleosols (ganisters); and a relatively high gamma-ray signal in the upper half of the formation. The Oldman Formation comprises deposits of a low-sinuosity, perhaps ephemeral fluvial system that originated in the southern Cordillera of Canada and northern Montana and flowed northeastward, perpendicular to the axis of the Alberta Basin.The upper unit is assigned to a new formation, the Dinosaur Park Formation, and is characterized by fine- to medium-grained sandstones with up to 10% volcanic rock fragments; sandstone bodies that exhibit lateral-accretion surfaces in the form of inclined heterolithic stratification; numerous articulated dinosaurs and dinosaur bone beds; and a relatively low gamma-ray signal in the lower half of the formation. The Dinosaur Park Formation comprises deposits of a high-sinuosity, fluvial-to-estuarine system that originated in the north and central Cordillera and flowed southeastward, subparallel to the axis of the Alberta Basin.40Ar/39Ar and K–Ar dating of Judith River Group bentonites shows that the contact between the Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations becomes younger toward the south and southeast. These data also demonstrate that the Dinosaur Park Formation clastics migrated southeastward at a rate of approximately 130–140 km/Ma, gradually overstepping the Oldman Formation elastics.The widely recognized north-to-south increase in intensity of overthrust loading along the western margin of the Alberta Basin during the Late Cretaceous is thought to be responsible for (i) differences in accommodation space for the proximal portions of the Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations, and (ii) the establishment of a southerly tilt in the Alberta Basin leading to the southeastward migration of the Dinosaur Park Formation elastics. In the northern portion of the basin, relatively lower rates of subsidence, combined with periods of isostatic rebound in the foredeep, resulted in the southeastward migration of Dinosaur Park Formation elastics as sediment input exceeded accommodation space. In the southern portion of the basin, relatively higher rates of subsidence and little isostatic rebound acted to trap coarse-grained Oldman Formation elastics in the foredeep and may have led to periods of sediment starvation in more distal portions of the basin. An inferred lower depositional slope associated with the Dinosaur Park Formation (relative to the Oldman Formation) is thought to have resulted from gradual loading of the basin as Dinosaur Park Formation elastics migrated southeastward or some form of tectonically induced subsidence.

scholarly journals Oligocene-Pleistocene Paleogeography within Banyumas Basin and implication to petroleum potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 00006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Bayu Purwasatriya ◽  
Sugeng Sapto Surjono ◽  
Donatus Hendra Amijaya
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Exploration Activity

<p>This study attempts to reconstruct paleogeography of Banyumas Basin in association with magmatic arc evolution and its implication to petroleum potential. Based on the volcanic rocks distribution, their association and relatives age, there are three alignments of a magmatic arc, that are: (1) Oligo-Miocene arc in the south (2) Mio-Pliocene arc in the middle (3) Plio-Pleistocene arc in the north. The consequences of the magmatic arc movement were tectonic setting changing during Oligocene to Pleistocene, as well as their paleogeography. During Oligo-Miocene where magmatic arc existed in the southern part, the Banyumas tectonic setting was a back-arc basin. This tectonic setting was changing to intra-arc basin during Mio-Pliocene and subsequently to fore-arc basin since Plio-Pleistocene until today. Back-arc basin is the most suitable paleogeography to create a depositional environment for potential source rocks. Exploration activity to prove the existence of source rocks during Oligo-Miocene is needed to reveal petroleum potential in Banyumas Basin.<br></p>

The Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel of the Labrador Sea. IV. Petrography and provenance of the sediments

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Kwun Chough ◽  
Reinhard Hesse ◽  
Jens Müller
Keyword(s):  
Source Rocks ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Bottom Current ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Specific Source

The Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC) of the Labrador Sea is associated with a 500 m thick sequence of well-bedded turbidites along the axis of the Labrador and Newfoundland basins and extends onto the western Sohm Abyssal Plain. The specific source areas of these terrigenous turbidites on the shelves and landmasses surrounding the Labrador Sea were not known hitherto because the morphological connections in the head region of the NAMOC with canyons on the slope are masked by young ice-rafted and bottom-current-transported sediments.Petrographic analysis of channel sands and gravels suggests a dominant Canadian source for the channel segment north of the confluence with the Imarssuak Mid-Ocean Channel (IMOC) based on the predominance of lower Paleozoic detrital carbonates. The IMOC provides sediment from sources around the West Reykjanes Basin, i.e., the east coast of Greenland and Iceland; however, source-specific minerals or rock fragments from the Tertiary alkali basalts of southwest Greenland were not detected. Anorthosite pebbles imply a Canadian rather than a Greenlandian source, based on the relatively low anorthite content (An25–45) of their plagioclases.In the silt- and clay-sized fractions turbidites are distinctly different from intercalated pelagic oozes by their high detrital carbonate and organic matter contents and low to zero contents of montmorillonite. Organic carbon concentrations (0.8–1.0%) of the muddy spill-over turbidites on the levees of NAMOC are sufficient for hydrocarbon source rocks; their association with coarse-grained channel sediments would make them interesting exploration targets if they occurred in shallower water in the subsurface.

Occurrences of pseudotachylyte at the East Bull Lake and Shakespeare–Dunlop intrusions, Ontario, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1744-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Chubb ◽  
D. C. Vogel ◽  
D. C. Peck ◽  
R. S. James ◽  
R. R. Keays
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distance ◽  
Western Margin ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Sudbury Igneous Complex ◽  
The North ◽  
Granitoid Rocks ◽  
Frictional Melting ◽  
Crystalline Matrix

Pseudotachylyte bodies were recently identified within and adjacent to the Early Proterozoic East Bull Lake and Shakespeare–Dunlop intrusions, located approximately 25–40 km west-southwest of the western margin of the Sudbury Igneous Complex. These breccia-like bodies locally form extensive vein networks and are preferentially developed along the contact between the intrusions and older Archean granitoid rocks. The pseudotachylyte veins comprise variable proportions of locally derived rock fragments and an aphanitic to fine-grained crystalline matrix that commonly displays flow textures. The veins appear to have formed by intense cataclasis and (or) frictional melting. These occurrences are very similar in appearance to Sudbury Breccia dykes that are observed at a radial distance of up to 80 km from the Sudbury Igneous Complex. Sudbury Breccia is widely believed to have formed as a result of the Sudbury event—a cataclysmic explosion that occurred at 1.85 Ga. The location of the pseudotachylyte veins described herein may coincide with one of the concentric bands of relatively intense Sudbury Breccia development observed to the north of the Sudbury Igneous Complex.

scholarly journals Depositional environment and petroleum potential of Oligocene rocks in the Waschberg Zone (Austria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pupp ◽  
Achim Bechtel ◽  
Reinhard Gratzer ◽  
Maria Heinrich ◽  
Sharadiya Kozak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
North Alpine Foreland Basin ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Alpine Foreland Basin ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Abstract Oligocene successions in the North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) and the Western Carpathians reflect Paratethys-wide paleogeographic changes, which also control their petroleum potential. Whereas these rocks have been studied in detail in both areas, the transition zone is still under-researched. In order to fill this gap, the Oligocene succession in the Waschberg Zone, comprising the Ottenthal Formation (NP21–23) and the overlying Thomasl Formation (NP23–24) has been studied using outcrop (Waldweg section) and borehole samples (Thomasl, Poysdorf) and a multidisciplinary approach. The Ottenthal Formation is subdivided from base to top into marls and shales (Ottenthal Mbr.), diatomaceous shales (Galgenberg Mbr.) and marlstones (Dynow Mbr.). Biogenic silica contents, determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, reach 30 wt. % in the carbonate-free Galgenberg Member, but also in the Dynow Members, which is characterized by upward decreasing productivity of calcareous nannoplankton. Close lithological relations exist with the Oligocene succession in the NAFB, but diatoms are largely missing in the latter. Organic matter contents are surprisingly low in the Ottenthal and Thomasl formations in the Waldweg section, which therefore are poor hydrocarbon source rocks. In contrast, the Thomasl Formation, encountered in the Thomasl and Poysdorf boreholes, holds a fair to good hydrocarbon potential (~ 2.2–2.5 wt. % TOC; type III and type II kerogen) and may generate 1.0 to 1.6 tons of hydrocarbons/m2. Obviously TOC contents of borehole samples are significantly higher than in outcrop samples. Because of severe indications of weathering (e.g., presence of gypsum and jarosite), a detrimental effect of weathering on the samples from the Waldweg section cannot be excluded. Biomarker data suggest a nearshore depositional environment with changing oxygen-availability and salinity. Vitrinite reflectance measurements show that the investigated sections are thermally immature.

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