Mineralogic evidences of a mid-Paleozoic tectono-thermal event in the Zonguldak terrane, northwest Turkey: implications for the dynamics of some Gondwana-derived terranes during the closure of the Rheic Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Bozkaya ◽  
Hüseyin Yalçın ◽  
Mehmet Cemal Göncüoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Thermal Event ◽  
Rheic Ocean ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Crystal Chemical Data ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks ◽  
Sudden Jump

The Zonguldak terrane is a Gondwana-derived continental microplate along the Black Sea coast in northwest Anatolia. It includes a Cadomian basement, with oceanic- and island-arc sequences, unconformably overlain by siliciclastic rocks of Ordovician to Middle Silurian age. After a period of deformation and erosion, late Lower Devonian (Emsian) quartzites and shallow-marine limestones unconformably cover Middle Silurian (Wenlock) graptolitic shales. Along several cross sections across the unconformity plane, the mineralogical characteristics of the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Zonguldak terrane are studied to check whether this regional unconformity is only of epeirogenic nature or the result of a thermal event. In addition to the appearance of kaolinite in Devonian units, crystal-chemical data of illites show a sudden jump at the unconformity plane. The b cell dimension values of illites of Ordovician–Silurian units are somewhat higher than those of Devonian–Carboniferous units and show a drastic drop between the Silurian and Devonian units. The new mineralogic data indicate that the pre-Emsian rocks in the Zonguldak terrane experienced a thermodynamo event, prior to the Emsian transgression. This Caledonian-time event is also reported in east Moesian terrane but not noticed in the neighboring Istanbul–Zonguldak and in the west Moesian – Balkan – Kreishte terranes. By this, it is suggested that Zonguldak and east Moesian terranes behaved independently from the Istanbul–Balkan terranes during the closure of the Rheic Ocean. They very likely docked to Laurussia during Emsian by strike-slip faults and remained thereon at its platform margin, where the Middle–Late Devonian shallow-platform conditions were followed by fluvial (lagoon and delta) conditions and deposition of coal during Late Carboniferous.

scholarly journals STORY OF A BERM TYPE REVETMENTORDU GIRESUN AIRPORTTHE FIRST SEA FILL AIRPORT OF TURKEY

2017 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Mustafa Esen ◽  
Işıkhan Güler ◽  
Hülya Cihan ◽  
Erdinç Söğüt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Reclamation Area ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sea Coast

Ordu Giresun Airport is the first airport of Turkey that is completely built on a sea fill area situated at the Black sea coast of Turkey and at equal distances to Ordu and Giresun cities. The reclamation covers 1.6 million m2 area that is surrounded with a total of 8.6 km revetment. The longest part of the revetment which is in parallel with the shoreline and at the offshore side of the reclamation area, is planned as a berm type revetment. In this sense, the preliminary cross section provided at the tender stage is checked, modifications are performed considering several criteria such as economics, performance, availability of rocks, etc. In addition to the design stages, several cross sections together with the suggested modifications are checked with laboratory tests. This paper covers the design stages where this criteria is taken into account, laboratory tests and the performance of the cross section during construction stages.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH OF URBAN DEFENSE COMPLEXES OF CITIES OF THE EASTERN PODOLIA IN THE 16th-18th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
Ilia Lytvyncuk ◽  
Oleh Rybchynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
The State ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Provinces Of Poland ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

In this article the authors touch on the methods of fortifications of the cities of Eastern Podillya - the least studied region of Ukraine. Components of long-term urban fortifications are considered as a single system of so-called urban defense complexes. Mandatory components of this system are a defensive castle and fortifications of the middletowns, which are recorded on the maps of military cartographers of the 17th-18th centuries. With this in mind, the authors clarify in the article the strategic importance of Eastern Podillya for the state and consider the development of urban defense complexes on its territory in retrospect. The analyzed sources allow us to speak about two periods of fortification development in Eastern Podillya. The first concerns the subordination of the territory to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the reign of Vytautas I, who expanded to the Black Sea coast and fortified the Southern Bug basin with a chain of fortifications and customs. After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and Crimea, trade ties with the south were lost, and its territory became dangerous for Podillya due to raids by nomads. Lithuania lost Vytautas' southern conquests and became completely dependent on Poland as a result of the introduction of a personal union. Subsequently, an administrative and political system identical to other provinces of Poland was introduced on the territory of Eastern Podillya and the Bratslav Voivodeship was formed. After the Union of Lublin, the territory of Bratslav became a source of huge lands for private ownership of magnates, who built their own systems for fortification of their estates, so the state was directly removed from strategic planning of defense of Eastern Podillya, royal power was concentrated only in the main capitals of Vinnytsia and Bratslav. On the basis of field surveys of partially preserved urban defense complexes, the article identifies the main types depending on the compositional and planning features. The location of fortifications on the terrain was also analyzed with the help of Google Earth software capabilities. Comparison of the data of relief cross-sections with the verified data of the foundation of fortified settlements revealed a stable correlation. Thus, the fortifications of the cities that were founded in the first period (Grand Duchy) were located on the heights of capes, ridges, hills, while the fortifications of the later ones were located in the valley. Given the low level of research of Ukrainian cities for the analysis of their defense systems, the authors recommend in further studies to investigate in detail the groups of cities that formed the estate complexes of specific magnate families in Podolia - Kalinov, Zbarazh, Zamoysk, and others for a unified defense system. and highlighting the characteristics of the spatial planning composition.

MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF THE LIMANIC BARRIERS ALONG THE BLACK SEA COAST UNDER ACTIVE ANTROPOGENOUS IMPACT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г. Выхованец ◽  
G. Vyhovanec
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Typical coastal elements of limans and lagoons are barriers, that separate limanic aquatories from a Seas. On limanic shores structure of the Black Sea sand barriers represented three longitudinal landscape “zones”: sea beach (“frontal”), dune-aeolian and limanic (“back of the barrier”). They closely interactive between themselves under influence of lithodynamical exchanges of sediment. General tendency of the barriers dynamics is displacement to Land direction.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLIFF PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE TUAPKHAT MASSIF

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Krylenko ◽  
Sergey Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Paper Structure ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Main Factor

Preservation of biological diversity is necessary for sustainable development and rational use of coastal resources. In this paper structure of the cliff plant communities of the massif Tuapkhat (the Black Sea coast, Russia) are characterized. Flora of this coastal zone combines features of Mediterranean and middle European Russia types. Herbaceous and shrub life-forms and xeromorphous and petrophilous plant associations dominate at the studied area. The main factor determining the species composition of the examined communities is substrate character.

A new cave-dwelling species of the genus Cimmerites Jeannel, 1928 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) from the West Caucasus

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
I.A. Belousov ◽  
A.G. Koval
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Sea Coast

A new species of the genus Cimmerites Jeannel, 1928, C. maximovitchi sp. nov., is described from the Akhunskaya Cave and Labirintovaya Cave, both located in the Akhun Karst Massif on the Black Sea Coast of the West Caucasus (Krasnodar Territory, Russia). The new species is rather isolated within the genus Cimmerites and occupies an intermediate position between species related to C. kryzhanovskii Belousov, 1998 and species close to C. vagabundus Belousov, 1998. Though both C. maximovitchi sp. nov. and C. kryzhanovskii are still known only from caves, these species are quite similar in their life form to other members of the genus which are all true endogean species.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLIFF PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE TUAPKHAT MASSIF

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Krylenko ◽  
Sergey Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Paper Structure ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Main Factor

Preservation of biological diversity is necessary for sustainable development and rational use of coastal resources. In this paper structure of the cliff plant communities of the massif Tuapkhat (the Black Sea coast, Russia) are characterized. Flora of this coastal zone combines features of Mediterranean and middle European Russia types. Herbaceous and shrub life-forms and xeromorphous and petrophilous plant associations dominate at the studied area. The main factor determining the species composition of the examined communities is substrate character.

THE APPLICATION FEATURES AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL CAPACITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF TUAPSINSKY DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Arakelov ◽  
Mikael Arakelov ◽  
Arthur Arakelov ◽  
Arthur Arakelov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Regional Management ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Sea Coast

Tourism is one of the most dynamically developing branches of economy in the Russian Federation in general and on the Black Sea coast in particular, in this regard, the assessment of tourism potential is one of the most important tasks of regional management.

Wastewater management strategies for the black sea coast of Turkey

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
E. Yuksel ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Sea Coast

The Black Sea, surrounded by six riparian countries, is under the threat of severe pollution, giving rise to the need of taking precautions to protect it from further deterioration. In this paper, an effort putting forth a wastewater treatment and management strategy is outlined for the Black Sea coast of Turkey, including both the technical and financial aspects. The present situation of the coast in terms of land-based pollution and infrastructure is stated, followed by an applicable management strategy. The strategy developed for the coastal settlements involves various stagewise treatment schemes based on population distribution and densities along the coastline, and on the availability of land in a specified period of thirty years. Similar strategies are proposed for the control of pollution originating from industries, for those carried by rivers joining the sea, and for leachate of solid waste landfills. The cost estimations of various treatment schemes are also given in terms of population equivalents.

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