Late Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy and redefinition of the age of oil shale intervals on Southampton IslandEarth Science Sector Contribution 20100054.

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Conodont Biostratigraphy ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units

Southampton Island was located on the north margin of the Hudson Bay Basin, one of the largest Paleozoic sedimentary basins in North America. The Upper Ordovician sequence on the island includes the Bad Cache Rapids and Churchill River groups and the Red Head Rapids Formation; the latter contains three oil shale intervals in its lower part, which may have significant potential as hydrocarbon source rocks, but their precise biostratigraphic position remains unclear. Numerous conodont elements from 14 localities allow establishment of four interval zones throughout the Upper Ordovician on Southampton Island: the Belodina confluens and Pseudobelodina v. vulgaris zones in the Bad Cache Rapids Group, which are correlative to the upper Edenian – lowest Richmondian Stage; the Amorphognathus ordovicicus Zone from the uppermost Bad Cache Rapids Group to the top of Churchill River Group to the lower Richmondian Stage; and the Rhipidognathus symmetricus Zone in the Red Head Rapids Formation to the upper Richmondian Stage. The oil shale intervals in the lower Red Head Rapids Formation exposed at Cape Donavan, Sixteen Mile Brook, and Boas River on Southampton Island are correlated with the lower R. symmetricus Zone of the upper Richmondian Stage, not the Maysvillian–Richmondian Stage as previous interpreted. The “Boas River shale” and “Sixteen Mile Brook shale” biostratigraphically and lithostratigraphically equate to the Cape Donovan lower and middle oil shale intervals, respectively. The conodont data and continuous sections across the boundaries between the different lithostratigraphic units have proved the presence of Maysvillian strata on Southampton Island, rather than absence as previously interpreted.

Hydrothermal activity in the Upper Permian Ravnefjeld Formation of central East Greenland – a study of sulphide morphotypes

1998 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Jesper Kresten Nielsen ◽  
Mikael Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Base Metal ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Alum Shale

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Kresten Nielsen, J., & Pedersen, M. (1998). Hydrothermal activity in the Upper Permian Ravnefjeld Formation of central East Greenland – a study of sulphide morphotypes. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 180, 81-87. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v180.5090 _______________ Bituminous shales of the Ravnefjeld Formation were deposited in the subsiding East Greenland basin during the Upper Permian. The shales are exposed from Jameson Land in the south (71°N; Fig. 1) to Clavering Ø in the north (74°20′N) and have attracted considerable attention due to their high potential as hydrocarbon source rocks (Piasecki & Stemmerik 1991; Scholle et al. 1991; Christiansen et al. 1992, 1993a, b). Furthermore, enrichment of lead, zinc and copper has been known in the Ravnefjeld Formation on Wegener Halvø since 1968 (Lehnert-Thiel 1968; Fig. 1). This mineralisation was assumed to be of primary or early diagenetic origin due to similarities with the central European Kupferschiefer (Harpøth et al. 1986). Later studies, however, suggested base metal mineralisation in the immediately underlying carbonate reefs to be Tertiary in age (Stemmerik 1991). Due to geographical coincidence between the two types of mineralisation, a common history is a likely assumption, but a timing paradox exists. A part of the TUPOLAR project on the ‘Resources of the sedimentary basins of North and East Greenland’ has been dedicated to re-investigation of the mineralisation in the Ravnefjeld Formation in order to determine the genesis of the mineralisation and whether or not primary or early diagenetic base metal enrichment has taken place on Wegener Halvø, possibly in relation to an early period of hydrothermal activity. One approach to this is to study the various sulphides in the Ravnefjeld Formation; this is carried out in close co-operation with a current Ph.D. project at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Diagenetically formed pyrite is a common constituent of marine shales and the study of pyrite morphotypes has previously been successful from thermalli immature parts of elucidating depositional environment and thermal effects in the Alum Shale Formation of Scandinavia (Nielsen 1996; Nielsen et al. 1998). The present paper describes the preliminary results of a similar study on pyrite from thermally immature parts of the Ravnefjeld Formation which, combined with the study of textures of base metal sulphides in the Wegener Halvø area (Fig. 1), may provide an important step in the evaluation of the presence or absence of early thermal activity on (or below) the Upper Permian sea floor.

Katian (Late Ordovician) conodonts on the northwestern margin of the North China Craton

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Zhihua Yang ◽  
Xiuchun Jing ◽  
Hongrui Zhou ◽  
Xunlian Wang ◽  
Hui Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
North China ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Northwestern Margin ◽  
Conodont Fauna ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Abstract Upper Ordovician strata exposed from the Baiyanhuashan section is the most representative Late Ordovician unit in the northwestern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). In total, 1,215 conodont specimens were obtained from 24 samples through the Wulanhudong and Baiyanhuashan formations at the Baiyanhuashan section. Thirty-six species belonging to 17 genera, including Tasmanognathus coronatus new species, are present. Based on this material, three conodont biozones—the Belodina confluens Biozone, the Yaoxianognathus neimengguensis Biozone, and the Yaoxianognathus yaoxianensis Biozone—have been documented, suggesting that the Baiyanhuashan conodont fauna has a stratigraphic range spanning the early to middle Katian. The Baiyanhuashan conodont fauna includes species both endemic to North China and widespread in tropical zones, allowing a reassessment of the previous correlations of the Katian conodont zonal successions proposed for North China with those established for shallow-water carbonate platforms at low latitudes. UUID: http://zoobank.org/7cedbd4a-4f7a-4be6-912f-a27fd041b586

scholarly journals Studies on the onshore hydrocarbon potential in East Greenland 1986-87: field work from 72° to 74°N

1987 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
C Marcussen ◽  
F.G Christiansen ◽  
P.-H Larsen ◽  
H Olsen ◽  
S Piasecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal History ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Hydrocarbon Traps ◽  
Subsidence History ◽  
Tectonic Study

A study of the onshore hydrocarbon potential of central and northem East Greenland was initiated in 1986. Field work was carried out from early July to mid August covering the region between Kong Oscar Fjord and Kejser Franz Joseph Fjord (fig. 1). In 1987 field activities will continue further to the north, eventually reaching Danmarkshavn (77°N). The programme is a continuation of the 1982-83 investigations in Jameson Land (Surlyk, 1983; Surlyk et al., 1984a) and is part of a regional programme comprising petroleum geological studies of all sedimentary basins in Greenland (Larsen & Marcussen, 1985; Larsen, 1986). The aim of the two-year field study followed by laboratory analyses is: (1) to study the presence and distribution of potential hydrocarbon source rocks in the region; (2) to evaluate the thermal history and maturity pattern of the region including the thermal effect of Tertiary intrusions and volcanics; (3) to make a stratigraphic, sedimentological and tectonic study of the region with special emphasis on subsidence history, reservoir formation and potential hydrocarbon traps.

Foxe Platform and Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element

2021 ◽  
pp. M57-2016-27
Author(s):  
Denis Lavoie ◽  
Nicolas Pinet ◽  
Shunxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Black Shales ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Carbonate ◽  
Single Well

AbstractThe Foxe Platform and Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element is an ovoid-shaped, predominantly marine basin located in the Canadian Arctic. The Paleozoic sedimentary succession (Cambrian to Silurian) unconformably overlies the Precambrian basement and reaches a maximum measured thickness of slightly over 500 metres in the only exploration well drilled in this basin. The Lower Paleozoic Foxe Platform and Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element is surrounded by Precambrian basement and by the Paleozoic Arctic Platform to the north and by the Paleozoic-Mesozoic (?) Hudson Bay Strait Platform and Basin to the south. The Paleozoic succession consists of a Cambrian clastic-dominated interval overlain by Ordovician to lower Silurian predominantly shallow marine carbonate. Other than a single well drilled in the northern part of the basin, no subsurface information is available. Thermally immature Upper Ordovician organic matter rich calcareous black shales have been mapped on the onshore extension of the basin to the southeast. Potential hydrocarbon reservoirs consist of Cambrian porous coarse-grained clastics as well as Upper Ordovician dolostones and reefs.

scholarly journals Origin of the Late Ordovician Lepidocyclus brachiopod fauna in North America and its biogeographic significance

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Jisuo Jin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North American ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The North

Three rhynchonellid brachiopod genera, Hiscobeccus, Lepidocyclus, and Hypsiptycha, are the most diagnostic elements of the Lepidocyclus fauna of North America in Late Ordovician time. These are characterized by relatively large, strongly biconvex to globular shells with coarse imbricating growth lamellae and, internally, with septiform cardinal processes in brachial valves. Among the three genera, Hiscobeccus appears the earliest, now known from rocks of late Trentonian-Edenian age in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and Mackenzie Mountains. Morphologically, Hiscobeccus is distinguished from the other two genera by its open delthyrium in the pedicle valve. Early forms of Hiscobeccus show close morphological similarity to Rhynchotrema in their non-globular biconvex shells covered by strong growth lamellae only in the anterior portions. It has been suggested that Hiscobeccus evolved from the Rhynchotrema wisconsinense stock through increase in shell size, globosity, and strength of growth lamellae. Earliest species of Rhynchotrema has been documented convincingly from rocks of early Trentonian age, and the derivation of Hiscobeccus most likely took place during the mid-Trentonian. Lepidocyclus and Hypsiptycha evolved from either Rhynchotrema or Hiscobeccus by developing a pair of deltidial plates covering the delthyrium.Rhynchotrema and other rhynchonellids that evolved before mid-Trentonian time are common to the North American (Laurentian) and the Siberia-Kazakhstan paleocontinents. In contrast, Hiscobeccus, Lepidocyclus, and Hypsiptycha that evolved after the mid-Trentonian are virtually restricted to Laurentia. Therefore, Rhynchotrema marked the last successful intercontinental migration of rhynchonellids during their Llandeilian-Caradocian cosmopolitanism. The pronounced provincialism of the North American Lepidocyclus fauna may have been caused by a number of factors. Facies control is not likely the explanation because these rhynchonellids occur in nearly all the inland and marginal platform seas of Laurentia and commonly are found together in the same types of rocks. Plate tectonics and sea-level changes are considered major causes. The Ordovician rhynchonellids lived in shallow marine (intertidal-subtidal) environments and were incapable of crossing vast, deep oceanic barriers because of their sedentary mode of life and short-lived motile larval stages. The widening of the ocean between North America and Siberia, coupled with high sea-level stand, may have created a sufficiently wide oceanic barrier to interrupt faunal mixing between the two paleocontinents by late Trentonian time. Moreover, the rise in sea level would have resulted in the disappearance of island faunas, which could have served as stepping stones for intercontinental migration of shallow-water benthic faunas during low sea-level stand.

Flexible crinoids from the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of the northern midcontinent and the evolution of early flexible crinoids

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Brower
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Middle Ordovician

Three flexible crinoids occur in the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota:Protaxocrinus girvanensisRamsbottom, 1961,Clidochirus anebosnew species, andProanisocrinus oswegoensis(Miller and Gurley, 1894).Protaxocrinus girvanensisis also found in the Upper Ordovician of Scotland which indicates that the ocean was narrow enough to allow at least one crinoid species to cross the barrier. The Upper Ordovician of North America and Scotland also share many common crinoid genera. Both phenetic and cladistic methods result in similar phylogenies of flexible crinoids.Protaxocrinuswas derived from a cupulocrinid ancestor during the Middle Ordovician.Clidochirusevolved fromProtaxocrinusor its ancestral stock prior to the Richmondian of the Late Ordovician. The RichmondianProanisocrinusand later anisocrinids are most closely related toClidochirusor its immediate predecessor. Thus, three major lineages of flexible crinoids,Protaxocrinus(taxocrinid group),Clidochirus(icthyocrinid), andProanisocrinus(anisocrinids and homalocrinids), appeared during the Ordovician. Despite their rarity during the Ordovician, all three flexible lineages survived the Latest Ordovician extinction, whereas their more abundant and successful cupulocrinid ancestors were eliminated.

Upper Ordovician graptolites from the top Lower Hartfell Shale Formation (D. clingani and P. linearis zones) near Moffat, southern Scotland

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Henry Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
The North ◽  
Continuous Sequence ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe top 9 m of Lower Hartfell Shale has been collected in 10 cm samples through a continuous sequence on the North Cliff at Dob's Linn. The boundary between the Dicranograptus clingani and Pleurograptus linearis zones is denned for the first time in a measured section, 5.0 m below the top of the Lower Hartfell Shale, with the excavation of the North Cliff proposed as stratotype. The late D. clingani Zone is characterised by Dicranograptus ramosus?, Dicellograptus moffatensis, D. flexuosus [= D. forchhammeri], Climacograptus dorotheus, Glyptograptus daviesi sp. nov., Diplograptus? pilatus sp. nov., Neurograptus margaritatus and Corynoides calicularis. The P. linearis Zone is characterised by Pleurograptus linearis linearis, Amphigraptus divergens divergens, Leptograptus capillaris, Dicellograptus elegans elegans, D. pumilis, D. carruthersi and Climacograptus tubuliferus. A range chart is provided and an attempt is made at a revised correlation of the Scottish succession with coeval zonal sequences in North America and Australia. Twenty-one taxa are described including the two new species noted above.

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of the hydrocarbon source rock potential of central and western North Greenland

1985 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
F.G Christiansen ◽  
H Nøhr-Hansen ◽  
F Rolle ◽  
P Wrang
Keyword(s):  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Source Rock ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Oil Generation ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
North Greenland

During the 1984 field season potential hydrocarbon source rocks were studied in central and western North Greenland. Samples from most lithostratigraphic units were collected from Freuchen Land in the north-east to Washington Land in the south-west. Preliminary results from LECO, Rock-Eval and palynofacies analyses suggest that some intervals in the Cambrian shelf sequence and in the Ordovician and Silurian trough sequence have enough organic matter to qualify as source rocks. Most of the trough sequence is, however, thermally postrnature with respect to oil generation and only the Cambrian Brønlund Fjord Group is expected to have been the source of the oil accumulations in the subsurface.

Designation of a neotype and paraneotype for Conularina triangulata (Raymond, 1905) (Upper Ordovician, eastern North America)

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-797
Author(s):  
Heyo Van Iten ◽  
Mario E. Cournoyer ◽  
Michelle Coyne
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Thrust Sheet ◽  
City Formation ◽  
Early Late

Conularina triangulata (Raymond, 1905), the genotype of Conularina Sinclair, 1942, is a rare, early Late Ordovician conulariid (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa; Van Iten et al., 2006) having three sides or faces instead of four (Sinclair, 1942, fig. 9; Van Iten, 1992, text-fig. 3E). Originally described from the Valcour Formation (early Sandbian; Dix et al., 2013) on Valcour Island, New York (Sinclair, 1942), C. triangulata has since been found in laterally equivalent strata of the upper Laval Formation (‘Upper Chazy’; Sinclair, 1942) in Laval, Québec, Canada (Sinclair, 1942). From this same unit and area, Sinclair (1942) erected three new, four-sided species of Conularina (C. irrasa, C. raymondi, and C. undosa), and he erected a single four-sided species (C. narrawayi) from the Ottawa Formation (now the Sandbian–Katian Ottawa Group; Dix et al., 2013) at Tétreauville (now Gatineau), Québec. Subsequently, Jerre (1994) reported the occurrence of two species of Conularina in the Upper Ordovician of Sweden. Jerre (1994) also proposed that Eoconularia? forensis Sinclair, 1946 from the Upper Ordovician Citadelle Formation (‘Quebec City’ Formation; Sinclair, 1946) in Québec City, Québec (Promontoire de Québec thrust sheet, Appalachian Humber Zone, Allochtonous Domain; Castonguay et al., 2002) is a species of Conularina.

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