THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM PHOSPHATASES TO SEX HORMONES

1949 ◽  
Vol 27e (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Donald B. Baker ◽  
Max M. Cantor
Keyword(s):  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Hormone Injection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Castration produces a fall in serum inorganic phosphorus values in adult male rats but not in adult female rats. The alterations of phosphorus levels that occur following castration in male rats and after the injection of some hormones into normal and castrated rats of both sexes may be accounted for by corresponding alterations in metabolic requirements. Neither castration nor hormone injection produces any significant change in serum acid phosphatase activity in male or in female rats. A fall of about 30% to levels approaching values for normal female rats is found in serum alkaline phosphatase of castrated male rats in about eight weeks. There is no change in the enzyme values in castrated females. In those instances where injections of a sex hormone into castrated or normal rats produce alterations in alkaline serum phosphatase values such changes may be accounted for on the basis of altered food intake. The sole exception to this finding is the very marked decrease in the activity of the enzyme produced by progesterone after oestrogen in normal male rats.

scholarly journals Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal Female Rats: Variations during the Estrous Cycle and Comparison with Males

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Nehlig ◽  
Linda J. Porrino ◽  
Alison M. Crane ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study the fluctuations of energy metabolism in discrete brain regions of female rats during the estrous cycle. A consistent though statistically nonsignificant cyclic variation in average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was observed. Highest levels of glucose utilization occurred during proestrus and metestrus, whereas lower rates were found during estrus and diestrus. Statistically significant fluctuations were found specifically in the hypothalamus and in some limbic structures. Rates of glucose utilization in the female rat brain were compared with rates in normal male rats. Statistically significant differences between males and females at any stage of the estrous cycle were confined mainly to hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior. Glucose utilization in males and females was not significantly different in most other cerebral structures.

Differential secretory rhythm of growth hormone controls the number of hepatic epidermal growth factor receptors in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kashimata ◽  
M. Hiramatsu ◽  
N. Minami
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Egf Receptors ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Epidermal Growth

ABSTRACT The effect of human GH (hGH) on hepatic epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in the rat was investigated. Continuous administration of hGH through an osmotic minipump, mimicking the female pattern of GH secretion, to normal male rats reduced the binding of 125I-labelled EGF to hepatic membranes to the normal female levels. The same treatment of hGH applied to hypophysectomized males had no apparent effect on EGF binding. Intermittent s.c. administration of hGH twice a day (every 12 h), mimicking the male pattern of GH secretion, to hypophysectomized male and/or normal female rats, caused a significant increase in EGF binding to the levels of normal male rats. Scatchard analysis of the binding data clearly showed that the change in EGF binding was due to a change in the number of EGF receptors. The results on the affinity labelling and phosphorylation of EGF receptors were in good agreement with those showing differences in the number of EGF receptors among the experimental groups. These results indicate that the number of hepatic EGF receptors in the rat is regulated by the differential secretory rhythm of pituitary GH between the sexes. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 75–81

Sex-related differences in fever development of rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R284-R289 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Murakami ◽  
T. Ono
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Febrile Reaction ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or partially purified endogenous pyrogen (EP) was injected intravenously into rats of both sexes to induce fever. In LPS fever, which was easily produced in 24-h dehydrated rats with an intravenous injection of LPS, the female rats showed an attenuated febrile reaction as measured by both the maximum increase of rectal temperature (Tre) and the thermal response index (TI). Although castrated female rats showed the same magnitude of febrile reaction to that in normal female rats, castrated male rats had less of a febrile response than normal male rats. During EP fever, the maximum increase of Tre and TI between the male and female rats was also observed to be different. However, castration of rats of both sexes did not affect the febrile reaction to intravenous injection of EP. Ten-week-old female rats, treated by a subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate on the 1st day after birth, produced a similar magnitude of febrile reaction to that in the normal male rats that were comparable in age. It is concluded that there are sex-related differences in fever development, due both to EP production and structural sexual differences in the central nervous system pathways regulating fever.

CHANGES IN HYPOTHALAMIC PEPTIDASE ACTIVITY DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN THE ADULT FEMALE RAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Griffiths ◽  
K. C. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Female Rat

ABSTRACT The activity of peptidases in the rat hypothalamus which are capable of inactivating oxytocin has previously been found to vary with stimuli known to influence gonadotrophin release and may be related to both luteinizing hormone (LH) and luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LH-RF) release (Griffith & Hooper 1972a,b). In the present study, enzyme activity was determined in normal female rats during the morning and afternoon of each stage of the oestrous cycle, in normal rats, and in female rats injected neonatally with testosterone. The activity of the supernatant fraction was found to be not significantly different during the morning of each stage, but was greatly decreased on the afternoon of pro-oestrus; particulate activity did not vary during the oestrous cycle. Supernatant and particulate activities were found to be the same in normal male rats and testosterone-treated females, as previously shown. Both fractions' activities were significantly less than those found in the oestrous cycle, other than on the afternoon of pro-oestrus. These results indicate changes in hypothalamic peptidase activity during the oestrous cycle which may be inversely related to LH and LH-RF release; they also confirm the masculinizing effect of neonatal testosterone on the hypothalamus.

EFFECT OF NEONATAL ANDROGEN TREATMENT AND ORCHIDECTOMY ON PITUITARY LEVELS OF GROWTH HORMONE IN THE RAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
REON SOMANA ◽  
SERMSRI VISESSUWAN ◽  
AYUDHYA SAMRIDTONG ◽  
R. C. HOLLAND
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Type ◽  
Androgen Treatment ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rats And Mice

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, Thailand (Received 19 July 1978) Sex hormones have been shown to influence the levels of growth hormone (GH) in rats and mice (Birge, Peake, Mariz & Daughaday, 1967; Callahan, Somana & Srikhao, 1972; Sinha, Selby, Lewis & VanderLaan, 1972). Since treatment of neonatal female rats with androgens changes the pattern of gonadotrophin secretion from the cyclic female type to the non-cyclic male type (Gorski, 1971; Dorner, 1977), it was thought to be of interest to discover whether this treatment alters the pituitary GH content in female rats to levels similar to those found in male rats before and after puberty and whether after neonatal orchidectomy there is a reduction in the pituitary GH content to levels found in normal female rats. Newborn rats of a Fisher strain were divided into four groups: normal male, orchidectomized male and normal

GONADAL FACTORS REGULATING THE ACTIVITY OF THE 17β-HYDROXYSTEROID OXIDOREDUCTASE IN RAT LIVER

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Thaler-Dao ◽  
H. Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Cytosol Fraction ◽  
Key Enzyme

ABSTRACT The activity of the 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (17β-HSOR), catalysing the oxidoreduction of oestradiol-17β and oestrone, has been studied in the cytosol fraction of rat liver under various conditions. The activity of the enzyme increased during maturation and reached a plateau at 100 days in females and at 180 days in males. In adult male rats, the activity of the 17β-HSOR was about 60% higher than in adult female rats. When female animals were castrated, the development of enzyme activity was similar to that observed in male rats; there was no difference in enzyme activity between adult castrated female rats and normal male rats. In normal female rats the activity of the 17β-HSOR was high during metoestrus and dioestrus, and low during pro-oestrus and oestrus. These findings show that oestrogens have a repressing effect on the activity of a key enzyme of steroid metabolism in rat liver.

Certain aspects of the host-parasite relationship ofNematospiroides dubius(Baylis). II. The effect of sex on experimental infections in the rat (an abnormal host)

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

1. The male rat is more susceptible to infections ofNematospiroides dubiusthan the female. As the rat grows older the resistance of the female rat to infection increases at a greater rate than that of the male.2. The course of the infection is modified by the sex of the host.3. More larvae penetrated the intestinal mucosa to encyst in the male than in the female. More larvae, however, formed cysts in the female than in the male rat by the fifth day.4. The male harboured more adult worms than the female rat, although this difference was not significant in the immature animals.5. The sex resistance of the rat toN. dubiusinfections was removed by bilateral gonadectomy. Castration decreased the susceptibility of the male rat, while spaying increased it in the female compared with the susceptibility in the respective normal hosts.6. Subsequent replacement of the homologous sex hormone in the gonadectomized rat restores the sex resistance, and may even increase it (particularly in the immature animals). Oestradiol increased the resistance of the spayed female rat, while testosterone increased the susceptibility of the castrate male rat to infection.7. Oestradiol implanted in castrate male rats increased the resistance of these hosts to a greater level than was shown in the normal male rat.8. The rat shows a marked age resistance over which the sex resistance is superimposed.9. The relationship between the sex of the host and its resistance to infection is discussed.This work was done during the tenure of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Studentship. My thanks are due to Dr E. T. B. Francis for his helpful and critical supervision and to Professor I. Chester Jones, in whose department the work was done, for the facilities he provided.

Further Studies on the Relationship of Adrenal and Gonadal Steroids in Pubertal Development in Female Rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Ducharme ◽  
A.M. Morera ◽  
P. Laurin ◽  
R. Collu ◽  
L. Audi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Protective effects of estrogen on gender-specific development of diet-induced hypertension

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2005-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian K. Roberts ◽  
Nosratola D. Vaziri ◽  
R. James Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Diet Modification ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Dietary and humoral factors are thought to be involved in the development of hypertension. This study investigated the interaction between diet and gonadal hormone status in the development and reversibility of hypertension. Normal male and female and ovariectomized (OVX) female Fischer rats were placed on either a high-fat (primarily saturated), refined carbohydrate (sucrose) (HFS) or a low-fat, complex carbohydrate (LFCC) diet at 2 mo of age, and body weight and systolic blood pressure (BP) were measured. Male and OVX female rats were initially on the diets for 7 mo, whereas normal female rats were on the diets for 2 yr. After this initial phase, a group of rats from each of the normal HFS groups were converted to the LFCC diet for a period of 1 mo (males) and 2 mo (females). The OVX females were subcutaneously implanted with a 0.5-mg estradiol (E2) pellet for 1 mo. A significant rise in arterial BP occurred within 12 mo in female and only 2 mo in male rats on the HFS diet, exceeding 140 mmHg after 24 and 7 mo, respectively. Conversion from the HFS to the LFCC diet led to a normalization of BP in both female and male rats. HFS diet-induced hypertension was accelerated by OVX in female rats, approaching the pattern seen in male rats. The effect of OVX was completely reversed by E2replacement. BP did not significantly change in any of the LFCC groups at any time point, and E2 replacement had no effect on BP in the OVX LFCC group. All HFS groups had significantly greater body weight, with differences occurring sooner in the male and OVX rats compared with the female rats. Diet modification resulted in a partial but significant reduction of body weight, but E2replacement did not. These results demonstrate that long-term consumption of HFS diet induces hypertension in both genders and is reversible by diet modification. Hypertension is significantly delayed in females with functional ovaries. This protection is lost by OVX and restored by estrogen replacement. Thus hormone status contributes to the delayed onset of diet-induced hypertension in females compared with males.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document