PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: V. SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION UNIT

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyson Rose ◽  
W. S. King
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Careful Control

A small-scale process for producing 2,3-butanediol by fermentation of approximately 25 gal. of whole wheat mash per week is described. Although simple and unspecialized, the equipment proved satisfactory for the purpose of providing fermentation and recovery data and sufficient diol for experimental purposes. Data are given which show that with careful control of the operating conditions the fermentations obtained were entirely satisfactory but that losses in the recovery process lower the over-all recovery of diol to about 55% of that shown by analysis of the fermented mashes.

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of Industrially Produced Formaldehyde Using Two Different Catalysts

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Shakeel ◽  
Muqaddam Javaid ◽  
Yusra Muazzam ◽  
Salman Raza Naqvi ◽  
Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Utility Cost

Formaldehyde is an important industrial chemical that is a strong-smelling and colorless gas. It is used in a number of processes such as making household products and building materials, glues and adhesives, resins, certain insulation materials, etc. Formaldehyde can be produced industrially using air and methanol as raw materials in the presence of metal oxide catalyst or silver-based catalyst. The operating conditions and requirements of the process depend on the type of catalyst used. Therefore, a comparative study of both processes was conducted, and the results were compared. It was observed that the silver-based catalyst process has a compact plant size since the amount of air required is halved as compared to the metal oxide process. Thus, it appears that the silver-based catalyst process is more suitable for small-scale production due to its compact size and reduced utility cost.

Synthesis of Single and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Improved Arc Discharge Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sami-Ullah ◽  
S.M.H. Waqar ◽  
F. Hussain ◽  
A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Noteworthy Feature ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Swcnts And Mwcnts ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper presents the development of a laboratory scale setup for the production of CNTs by arc discharge process in an argon gas environment. The main problem with the existing lab scale production setups is the cleaning of the chamber and this problem is resolved in presented work by placing a circular metal sheet inside the chamber, which is removed after the synthesis, thus allowing easy cleaning and recovery of the produced CNTs. The most noteworthy feature of the presented setup is its low cost, hence offering for the first time the synthesis of economical CNTs on small scale. In addition to offering better control over operating conditions and hence the quality of CNTs, another unique feature of the developed setup is its capability to synthesize SWCNTs and MWCNTs with versatile range of diameters. Significant quantity of CNTs using the developed setup were produced and characterized by using Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) and few results are reported.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariyadi DM ◽  
Athiyah U ◽  
Hendradi E ◽  
Rosita N ◽  
Erawati T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
T Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

scholarly journals Technical basis for the small-scale production of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758), meal as fish feed in Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 100153
Author(s):  
Armel Gougbedji ◽  
Pamphile Agbohessou ◽  
Philippe A. Lalèyè ◽  
Frédéric Francis ◽  
Rudy Caparros Megido
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Technical Basis

Gas Cooling and Humidification: Design of Packed Towers from Small-Scale Tests

1950 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Carey ◽  
G. J. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Packed Tower ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
Gas Cooling ◽  
Heat Method ◽  
Working Out

On plants in which gases are processed, the gases are often brought into direct contact with water—usually in packed towers. The purpose may be to cool a hot gas, to increase the humidity of a gas, or, in the well-known special case of water-cooling towers, to cool water by contact with atmospheric air. These processes involve simultaneous transfers of sensible heat and water vapour, and existing methods of analysis are complex and laborious, except for the cooling of water, for which Merkel's total-heat method has long been available. Merkel's approximate solution offers the engineer a simple method of working out, for any operating conditions, the amount of heat transferred and the “driving force” available for transferring it. The present paper generalizes the total-heat method and, with a permissible sacrifice in accuracy, preserves the essential simplicity of the water-cooling treatment for gas-cooling and humidification processes. To complete the design of a packed tower, a knowledge is required of the characteristics of the packing. Information obtained in small towers is given for a number of packings, and a worked example shows how to apply the method of treatment, and the packing data presented, to the design of a large plant tower.

Environmental assessment of small-scale production of wood chips as a fuel for residential heating boilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernat Esteban ◽  
Jordi-Roger Riba ◽  
Grau Baquero ◽  
Rita Puig ◽  
Antoni Rius
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Residential Heating

scholarly journals Fabrication Techniques for Graphene Oxide-Based Molecular Separation Membranes: Towards Industrial Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Ohchan Kwon ◽  
Yunkyu Choi ◽  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Yun Chul Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Separation Membranes ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Continuous Fabrication

Graphene oxide (GO) has been a prized material for fabricating separation membranes due to its immense potential and unique chemistry. Despite the academic focus on GO, the adoption of GO membranes in industry remains elusive. One of the challenges at hand for commercializing GO membranes lies with large-scale production techniques. Fortunately, emerging studies have acknowledged this issue, where many have aimed to deliver insights into scalable approaches showing potential to be employed in the commercial domain. The current review highlights eight physical methods for GO membrane fabrication. Based on batch-unit or continuous fabrication, we have further classified the techniques into five small-scale (vacuum filtration, pressure-assisted filtration, spin coating, dip coating, drop-casting) and three large-scale (spray coating, bar/doctor blade coating, slot die coating) approaches. The continuous nature of the large-scale approach implies that the GO membranes prepared by this method are less restricted by the equipment’s dimensions but rather the availability of the material, whereas membranes yielded by small-scale methods are predominately limited by the size of the fabrication device. The current review aims to serve as an initial reference to provide a technical overview of preparing GO membranes. We further aim to shift the focus of the audience towards scalable processes and their prospect, which will facilitate the commercialization of GO membranes.

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