INFLUENCE OF SULPHONAMIDES ON FIBROBLASTS

1945 ◽  
Vol 23e (3) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reta Anderson ◽  
J. H. Orr ◽  
G. B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Supersaturated Solutions ◽  
Apparent Influence ◽  
Pig Serum

The toxicity of several sulphonamides for tissue cells has been tested by adding the compounds to tissue cultures of fibroblasts (guinea pig heart tissue in guinea pig serum). Supersaturated solutions of sulphadiazine or sulphapyrazine, in serum, have no influence on the growth of fibroblasts. Sulphathiazole, N1-benzoyl-sulphanilamide, or sulphanilamide in similar concentrations inhibit fibroblast growth. The above-mentioned five sulphonamides in concentrations up to 100 mgm. per 100 ml. have no apparent influence on fibroblast growth. In contrast, azochloramide in concentrations of 5 to 10 mgm. per 100 ml. inhibit growth.

scholarly journals THE REACTIONS BETWEEN BACTERIA AND ANIMAL TISSUES UNDER CONDITIONS OF ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Field Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
Bacillus Coli ◽  
Tissue Cells

This report gives an outline of the results of observations on over 1,100 tissue cultures made during the fall, winter, and spring of 1913 to 1914. The work has been resumed in the fall of 1914 and will be continued along the same and allied lines, confirming the above results with other strains of the same organisms and with other bacteria and bacterial products. Tests should be made with tissue and plasma from other animals, and the known pathogenicity of the organism for the animal and tissue used should always be borne in mind. We hope to be able to grow on these cultures some of the more strictly parasitic bacteria not developing on ordinary media, as other strict parasites have been grown by other workers, viz., poliomyelitis virus by Levaditi (4), vaccinia by Steinhardt, Israeli, and Lambert (5), and rabies by Moon (6). By comparative studies with various types of cells and various natural and artificial media, clearer ideas as to the exact part of cell plasma in antibody production, by elaborating on the methods of Carrel and Ingebrigtsen (7), Lüdke (8), Przygode (9), and others, should be possible. After this work was begun a reference was found to the use of some pathogenic bacteria in tissue cultures by Pheiler and Lentz (10), but no publication of the results of these observations has been observed. The results here reported may be summarized as follows: Bactericidal Action of Chicken Plasma.—On Bacillus typhosus, very strong—never grows in plasma alone; on Bacillus prodigiosus, very strong—never grows in plasma alone; on Bacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, strong—slight growth in cover-glass preparations; on Bacterium diphtheriticum, moderately strong; on Bacillus coli verus, slight; on Micrococcus aureus, very slight or none. A few pseudodiphtheria bacilli and more diphtheria bacilli survived in plasma stored in the cold for four days. The presence of growing tissue overcomes the bactericidal influence of plasma on diphtheria bacilli and in some instances on pseudodiphtheria bacilli. Bacterium diphtheriticum grows in plasma without tissue only if inoculations are very heavy; and very heavy inoculations of all organisms will probably overcome the bactericidal action of plasma, as it is undoubtedly a quantitative reaction. The bactericidal influence of plasma is overcome by exposure to incubator temperature for twenty-four to forty-eight hours. Bacterium diphtheriticum in light or moderate inoculations grows in tissue cultures only in clusters around the tissue fragments, and never in plasma away from tissue. The growth of this organism has a decided inhibitory influence on tissue activity and growth, especially marked with nervous tissue, but this action may be overcome by the addition of antitoxin to the plasma. Cultures inhibited by diphtheria growth have a tendency to resume growth later, probably due to antitoxin production. Bacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is distinctly less active in tissue cultures than is Bacterium diphtheriticum and never develops in plasma without tissue. The presence of diphtheria toxin in tissue cultures causes this organism to behave as does Bacterium diphtheriticum. Without toxin it has little or no direct influence on tissue growth except in massive doses. Bacillus prodigiosus fails to develop, as a rule, in tissue cultures except where inoculated from hypertonic media, and then it has no decided influence on tissue growth. Micrococcus aureus grows freely in these cultures with or without tissue, and inhibits tissue growth markedly, except as noted with splenic tissue. Bacillus coli verus always grows freely with or without tissue fragments and is uninfluenced by splenic tissue growth. In heavy inoculations it lessens tissue growth. Bacillus typhosus, except with extremely heavy inoculations, fails absolutely to grow in these cultures with or without plasma, unless the bactericidal action of the plasma has been destroyed by incubation. When this is the case it develops freely with especial affinity for the tissue cells either for support or nourishment. It appears to have no toxic action on the tissue cells. Note the sharp differentiation between typhoid and coli verus organisms. Diphtheria toxin has a quantitatively inhibiting action on all tissue growth and on heart tissue pulsations, the action being greatest on nervous tissue and least on heart tissue growth. Tissues affected by toxin tend to recovery if not killed. Antitoxin counteracts the action of toxin. Splenic tissue has little or no effect on the growth of Bacillus coli verus, but has a decided bactericidal action on Bacterium diphtheriticum and Micrococcus aureus, probably due to lymphatic cells and cell products, as seen by the area of cell migration coinciding with the bacteria-free area, by the similar action of splenic extract on cultures, and by the failure of such action in cultures of very early splenic tissue showing no lymphatic cells.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON TYPHUS FEVER

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Zinsser ◽  
Attilio Macchiavello
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Culture Virus ◽  
Pig Serum

1. Guinea pigs can be actively immunized against European typhus fever with homologous formalinized Rickettsia tissue cultures, provided sufficient amounts are injected. The method is suggested for practical application in man. 2. Serovaccination against European typhus fever can be successfully applied to guinea pigs by a variety of methods, the simplest of which consists of the injection of mixtures of virulent defibrinated guinea pig blood and convalescent guinea pig serum taken from 3 to 5 days after defervescence. Similar results can be obtained with mixtures in which tissue culture virus, either with convalescent guinea pig serum or with antimurine horse serum, is used. There is no indication so far that such animals become carriers. Possible application of these methods to typhus epidemics is discussed.

Aspirin impairs antioxidant system and causes peroxidation in human erythrocytes and guinea pig myocardial tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Durak ◽  
M Karaayvaz ◽  
M Y B Çimen ◽  
A Avci ◽  
O B Çimen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Scavenger Activity

This study aims to investigate possible effects of aspirin treatment on cellular oxidant/antioxidant system. In the first part of the study, 15 guinea pigs were given aspirin at three different doses (2200, 440 and 10 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and five were fed on the same diet without aspirin. After a month, animals were killed and their hearts were removed for use in analyses. In the other part, after fasting blood samples were obtained from 11 volunteer subjects, they were given aspirin (approximately 10 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and second blood samples were obtained after 1 month. Five volunteer subjects also participated as placebo control. Oxidant/antioxidant parameters, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nonenzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA), susceptibility to oxidation (SO) and antioxidant potential (AOP) values, were assayed in the samples. Antioxidant system was found to be impaired in the heart tissue from guinea pigs and in the erythrocytes from volunteer subjects. AOP and NSSA values were lower and MDA higher after aspirin treatment in both heart tissues and erythrocytes. In guinea pig heart tissue, SO was lower, but GSH-Px and CAT were unchanged after aspirin treatment. In human erythrocytes, SO was unchanged, but GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased after aspirin treatment. Changes in guinea pig heart tissues from animals treated with higher aspirin doses were more drastic relative to those of human erythrocytes, but no meaningful differences were observed between analysis parameters of control and lower-dose (10 mg/kg/day) aspirin-treated animals. Our results suggest that high-dose aspirin exerts significant toxicity to guinea pig myocardium and normal dose aspirin may cause peroxidation in the human erythrocytes due to its oxidant potential. We suppose that antioxidant supplementation may be beneficial for the people using aspirin for longer periods in order to prevent peroxidation damages.

Osmotically Sensitive Brucella in Infected Normal and Immune Macrophages

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Jerry R. McGhee ◽  
Bob A. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Brucella Suis ◽  
Pig Serum

When Brucella suis is grown in tissue cultures of normal guinea pig macrophages, the Brucella multiplies significantly without the induction of osmotically sensitive forms. In immune macrophages in the presence of normal guinea pig serum, there is a reduction in the number of intracellular Brucella and no multiplication is seen over a 72-hr period. After 6 hr of exposure to immune macrophages, however, approximately 50% of the surviving intracellular Brucella are osmotically sensitive, i.e., they will survive and grow only on medium containing 0.2 m sucrose. Brucella grown in immune macrophages, in the presence of rabbit antiserum against whole guinea pig serum, show the presence of osmotically sensitive forms, although at a reduced level compared to the number seen with immune macrophages in normal guinea pig serum.

Mitochondrial Oxidation of p-N, N-Dimethylamino-β-Phenethylamine (DAPA)

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
W. Allen Shannon ◽  
Hannah L. Wasserkrug ◽  
andArnold M. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Pig Kidney ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidation ◽  
Amine Oxidase Activity

The synthesis of a new substrate, p-N,N-dimethylamino-β-phenethylamine (DAPA)3 (Fig. 1) (1,2), and the testing of it as a possible substrate for tissue amine oxidase activity have resulted in the ultracytochemical localization of enzyme oxidase activity referred to as DAPA oxidase (DAPAO). DAPA was designed with the goal of providing an amine that would yield on oxidation a stronger reducing aldehyde than does tryptamine in the histochemical demonstration of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with tetrazolium salts.Ultracytochemical preparations of guinea pig heart, liver and kidney and rat heart and liver were studied. Guinea pig kidney, known to exhibit high levels of MAO, appeared the most reactive of the tissues studied. DAPAO reaction product appears primarily in mitochondrial outer compartments and cristae (Figs. 2-4). Reaction product is also localized in endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vacuoles and nuclear envelopes (Figs. 2 and 3) and in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of heart.

Effect of Bentonite on Fibrinolytic System in Serum

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Active Protease ◽  
Pig Serum

SummaryTreatment of serum with bentonite led to a reduced content of inhibitors of trypsin and urokinase in the isoelectrically precipitated euglobulin, and removed fibrinolytic agents and precursors from serum. Bentonite-treated serum added to untreated serum reduced precipitation of the above inhibitors, and presumably also precipitation of inhibitors against a plasminogen activator of serum.Bentonite-treated serum (whether from pig, ox, guinea-pig, or man), added to untreated guinea-pig serum, produced fibrinolytic activity on isoelectric precipitation of the mixture; the activity of the euglobulin was due to an activator of plasminogen as well as an active protease, probably plasmin. The described effects of bentonite-treated serum are similar to those previously reported for anionic polyelectrolytes. Possible mechanisms are discussed.The “non-specific” activation of fibrinolytic activity by means of bentonite emphasizes that guinea-pig serum [which is characterized by a high potential for “nonspecific” activation of its fibrinolytic system Olesen (1962)] contains all the elements required for the formation of an activator of plasminogen, and thus the activation of its plasminogen to plasmin.

scholarly journals Interactions of C-reactive protein with the complement system. III. Complement-dependent passive hemolysis initiated by CRP.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Osmand ◽  
R.F. Mortensen ◽  
Joan Siegel ◽  
H. Gewurz
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Pig Serum

Interactions of CRP with various substrates in the presence of human serum have been shown to result in efficient activation of C components C1-C5. We now report the ability of CRP to initiate C-dependent hemolysis. For this purpose CRP was isolated by affinity chromatography using pneumococcal CPS and gel filtration; its purity was established by several criteria. Erythrocytes were coated with CPS (E-CPS) and passively sensitized with CRP. C-dependent lysis of these cells was observed upon the addition of suitably absorbed human serum, and the efficiency of hemolysis compared favorably with that initiated by rabbit IgG anti-CPS antibody. CRP also sensitized E-CPS for lysis by guinea pig C; partial lysis was seen when C4-deficient guinea pig serum was used, suggesting that CRP also shares with antibody the ability of CRP to fully activate the C system and provide further evidence for a role for CRP similar to that of antibody in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory reactions via the complete system.

Electrophoretic Studies of Normal Rovine and Guinea-Pig Serum

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-84
Author(s):  
I. Koefoed Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Pig Serum
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