PARASITES OF TROUT IN ALGONQUIN PROVINCIAL PARK, ONTARIO

1943 ◽  
Vol 21d (12) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. MacLulich
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kidney Cysts ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Leptorhynchoides Thecatus ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Clinostomum Complanatum

The parasitism of trout in Algonquin Park, Ont., was studied during the spring and summer of 1939 to determine the distribution and abundance of parasites in the several species of trout. The sampling included 34 lakes from five different river drainages.A list of the parasites follows with the hosts indicated by the letters, C for Cristivomer namaycush Wahlbaum, S for Salvelinus fontinalis Linnaeus, and F for Salmo fario Linnaeus. Protozoa (cysts in kidneys),—CSF; trematodes: Crepidostomum farionis,—CS, Azygia angusticauda,—C, Clinostomum complanatum,—S, Neascus sp. (larvae),—S; cestodes: Diphyllobothrium sp. (larvae),—C, Eubothrium salvelini,—CS, Proteocephalus ambloplitis (larvae),—CS, Proteocephalus parallactics,—CSF, Proteocephalus pusillus,—C; nematodes: Cystidicola stigmatura,—CS, Philonema sp.,—C, unidentified larval nematodes,—CS, acanthocephala: Leptorhynchoides thecatus,—C; copepoda: Salmincola edwardsii,—S, Salmincola siscowet,—C.Two of the tapeworms, the two copepods, and the protozoan kidney cysts were generally distributed. The other parasites showed local differences in abundance. Frequency distribution studies of several of the parasite populations indicated that the parasites are not distributed randomly to the hosts.

scholarly journals A Study of the Effects of Rain, Snow and Hail on the Atmospheric Electric Field near Ground

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Athanasios Karagioras ◽  
Konstantinos Kourtidis
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bounce Back

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of rain, snow and hail on potential gradient (PG), as observed in a period of ten years in Xanthi, northern Greece. An anticorrelation between PG and rainfall was observed for rain events that lasted several hours. When the precipitation rate was up to 2 mm/h, the decrease in PG was between 200 and 1300 V/m, in most cases being around 500 V/m. An event with rainfall rates up to 11 mm/h produced the largest drop in PG, of 2 kV/m. Shortly after rain, PG appeared to bounce back to somewhat higher values than the ones of fair-weather conditions. A decrease in mean hourly PG was observed, which was around 2–4 kV/m during the hail events which occurred concurrently with rain and from 0 to 3.5 kV/m for hail events with no rain. In the case of no drop, no concurrent drop in temperature was observed, while, for the other cases, it appeared that, for each degree drop in temperature, the drop in hourly mean PG was 1000 V/m; hence, we assume that the intensity of the hail event regulates the drop in PG. The frequency distribution of 1-minute PG exhibits a complex structure during hail events and extend from −18 to 11 kV/m, with most of the values in the negative range. During snow events, 1-minute PG exhibited rapid fluctuations between high positive and high negative values, its frequency distribution extending from −10 to 18 kV/m, with peaks at −10 and 3 kV/m.

Productivity of French and Dutch (semi-)copular constructions and the adverse impact of high token frequency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek Van Wettere
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Abstract This paper examines the productivity of the subject complement slot in a set of French and Dutch (semi-)copular micro-constructions. The presumed counterpart of productivity, conventionalization in the form of high token frequency, will also be taken into account in the analysis of the productivity complex. On the one hand, it will be shown that prototypical copulas generally have a higher productivity than semi-copulas, although there are some semi-copulas that can rival the productivity of prototypical copulas. On the other hand, it will be demonstrated that high token frequency is in general detrimental to productivity, on the level of the entire subject complement slot and on the level of the different semantic classes. However, the shape of the frequency distribution also seems to play a role: multiple highly frequent types are in my data more detrimental to productivity than one extremely frequent type, although the semantic connectedness of the types in the distribution might also be an explanatory factor.

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

Imperatives of visual versus auditory perception as pragmatic markers in English and Dutch

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniël Van Olmen
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common View ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

This article examines the English and Dutch imperatives of intentional visual and auditory perception and in particular their use as pragmatic markers. Look, listen, kijk ‘look’ and luister ‘listen’ are compared with respect to frequency, distribution and usage. The difference between look and kijk, on the one hand, and listen and luister, on the other, is argued to be indicative of a more general cross-linguistic tendency. This tendency is explained in terms of the imperatives’ effectiveness in and likely recruitment for what has traditionally been called attention-getting and in terms of the common view of the nature of visual and auditory perception.

Sugar-meal sources used by female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a four-habitat study

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1066-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Burgin ◽  
Fiona F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Provincial Park

Adult black flies were sampled by sweep-netting vegetation in four habitats within Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario: Davies Bog, the airfield, deciduous habitat, and coniferous habitat. Sugars in the crops and midguts of female flies (n = 773) were tested by thin-layer chromatography to determine whether the flies had fed on nectar or homopteran honeydew. Melezitose and stachyose were used as honeydew-indicator sugars. For Simulium venustum, it was found that significantly fewer black flies (19%) from the airfield contained honeydew sugars than black flies from the other three sites (34% from Davies Bog; 36% from deciduous habitat; 25% from coniferous habitat). We argue that black flies will feed on nectar or honeydew according to availability.

Propanidid, a useful anaesthetic for studying blood circulation in early development of fish

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1286-1289
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Veenstra ◽  
Eugene K. Balon ◽  
Christine Flegler-Balon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Cocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Times ◽  
Blood Elements

The effectiveness of propanidid was tested by comparing it with cocaine hydrochloride, urethane, and traicaine methanesulfonate, anaesthetics already established for studies of early ontogeny in fishes. Free embryos of the brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, and 7-day-old amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae, were anaesthetized with dilute solutions of these drugs. The times taken until the blood elements ceased moving through the capillary loops of the developing caudal fin were compared. Propanidid was found to be superior to the other drugs tested in maintaining the longest duration of unaltered blood flow.

Increased susceptibility of salmonids to the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris following administration of hydrocortisone acetate

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. HARRIS ◽  
A. SOLENG ◽  
T. A. BAKKE
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Hydrocortisone Administration ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Gyrodactylus salaris infects numerous salmonid species, ranging from the fully susceptible (Norwegian strains of Salmo salar), through species which, though initially susceptible, eventually eliminate their infections (Salvelinus alpinus and S. fontinalis) to entirely resistant (Salmo trutta) species. Here we describe experiments in which Salvelinus alpinus, S. fontinalis and Salmo trutta, implanted with hydrocortisone acetate to simulate stress-induced immunosuppression, were challenged with G. salaris. With previously uninfected Salvelinus fontinalis, G. salaris infections on fish treated with hydrocortisone acetate grew larger, and for longer, than on sham-treated controls. A similar result was obtained with S. trutta. Patterns of infection on Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were more complex, because individual fish varied from susceptible to highly resistant. Fish were therefore initially infected with G. salaris, and the most highly resistant group of individuals identified and disinfected. After 6 months recovery from this primary infection, hydrocortisone acetate was administered to half the fish, and all were challenged with G. salaris. Parasite populations on the hydrocortisone-treated individuals were consistently larger than those on the sham-treated controls, exceeding 30 parasites per fish after 5 weeks, in comparison with less than 10 parasites per fish on controls. These results indicate that hydrocortisone administration can lead to enhanced gyrodactylid populations on a range of salmonids. This suggests that the response to G. salaris is mediated by the immune system, and that the spectrum of responses observed in different species are, at least in part, due to the same mechanism. At a practical level, stress-induced immunosuppression during handling and transport of cultured salmonids may prove an important factor in the dissemination of G. salaris between watersheds.

scholarly journals Electronic Measurement of Cellular Volumes. II. Frequency Distribution of Erythrocyte Volumes

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. LUSHBAUGH ◽  
N. J. BASMANN ◽  
B. GLASCOCK
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avian Erythrocytes ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Computer Analyses ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract The frequency distribution of erythrocyte volumes of animals and man, determined electronically, showed a skew toward large volumes. Simple mathematical and computer analyses of these curves seemed to reveal the presence of two populations of erythrocytes with Gaussian distribution. One consisted of cells of relatively small volume and the other of cells of large volume. Study of avian erythrocytes revealed that in these species the two populations were sufficiently different volumetrically that their distributions did not completely overlap and their presence was not obscured in the total distribution curves. Analysis of pathologic states showed that, in most, the volumetric distributions shifted toward large volume as the disease developed. In severe erythroblastosis, for example, only the large population was demonstrable. Consequently, the larger-volumed population appeared to be composed of reticulocytes and young erythrocytes. These studies and those in progress indicate that this technic may afford another useful dimension to investigative and therapeutic hematology.

Effects of Meteorological Factors on PM10 Pollution in Yantai Urban Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Song ◽  
Ming Chang ◽  
Xin Zhi Wang ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The North

This paper makes analysis and statistics about the frequency distribution of average temperature, pressure, humidity and wind conditions between moderate pollution days of PM10(API>200) and conventional days from 2008 to 2010 in Yantai. The result shows that the frequency of PM10 pollution which occurred in winter is close to the sum of the other seasons. PM10 pollution days appears easily under such conditions: the average temperature below 10°C, average air pressure is higher than 101.0kPa, relative humidity is less than 70%, or average weed speed of 3-7m/s with the north-south wind.

scholarly journals New species of Synodontella (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) gill parasites of two Synodontis spp. (Pisces, Mochokidae) from the Boumba River (Congo Basin, East Cameroon)

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Mbondo ◽  
Jacques Nack ◽  
Arnold R. Bitja Nyom ◽  
Antoine Pariselle ◽  
Charles F. Bilong Bilong
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Copulatory Organ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Thin Tube ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
Parasite Populations

Three new species of Synodontella Dossou & Euzet, 1993 are described from two species of Synodontis (Mochokidae) collected from the middle course of the Boumba River (East Cameroon): Synodontella angustupenis n. sp. from Synodontis nummifer, Synodontella longipenis n. sp. and Synodontella simplex n. sp. from Synodontis decorus. These new species are different from the other Synodontella species already described due to their horseshoe-shaped dorsal transverse bars. Synodontella angustupenis differs from S. longipenis and S. simplex by the morphology of its penis, a thin tube, and its accessory piece, bifid at its extremity. Synodontella longipenis differs from the other two species by the morphology and the size of its male copulatory organ, which is very long. Synodontella simplex differs from S. angustupenis and S. longipenis by the shape of its penis, which is simple, and of its accessory piece, with a developed heel. The difference between the dorsal transverse bars of Synodontella species from the Sanaga River in Cameroon (and other localities in Africa), slightly curved, and those from the Boumba River, horseshoe-shaped, makes it possible to separate Synodontella species into two different subgroups. This difference can be explained by a long isolation period of the hosts, living in different river basins, followed by the divergence of the parasite populations (vicariant speciation).

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