THE EFFECTS OF AMOUNT AND DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL ON THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF WESTERN CANADIAN WHEAT

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (4) ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Paull ◽  
J. Ansel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Average Unit

Data for 14 yr. were used to determine the average effect of rainfall on the protein content of wheat grown at seven stations in the dry belt of southwestern Saskatchewan. Employing the concept of a regressional integral, and working with the rainfall for consecutive five-day intervals from April 1 to August 3, a curve was obtained which represents the change occurring during the growing season in the average regression coefficient (i.e., the average unit decrease in protein content per unit increase in rainfall). It was found that 34% of the residual variance for protein content can be ascribed to variations in rainfall. Above average rainfall during the growing season generally tends to reduce protein content, but this tendency is much more marked during April and early May, and during the latter part of July. These are also the periods during which average rainfall is lowest. The effect on protein content of precipitation occurring during the previous fall is of minor importance.

scholarly journals Annual variations in the microflora of some varieties of Finnish malting barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-418
Author(s):  
Tapani Tuominen ◽  
Heikki Rosenqvist
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Three major Finnish malting barley varieties were studied for annual variations in the incidence of seed-derived fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. In 1990-1992, 114 characterized fungal, 59 uncharacterized bacterial and 12 uncharacterized actinomycetal isolates were extracted from samples of seed intended for use in malting. When the yield of the plant hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (lAA), from enriched microbial cultures was weighed against the microbial biomass and the endogenous lAA concentration of the barley harvests, it was concluded that potential exists for bacterial lAA production in biologically significant amounts, given some minor annual variations. As expected from the average rainfall and temperature during the growing season, microbial counts in all cultivars were highest in 1992. Most of the fungal species found were of saphrophytic character, and field fungi were dominant in the samples. On the whole, microbial counts and spectra in all samples confirmed that each harvest of all cultivars was of good vigour and well suited for malting purposes. Strains of plant pathogenic character included species of Septoria nodorum (Berk) Berk, Drechlera teres (Sacc) Subraim & Jain, D. sorokiniana (Sacc) Subram & Jain and D. graminea (Rab.) Shoem. A consistent difference was noted in the microbial infection severities of the cultivars.

Evaluation of the level of N supply in maize hybrids at different nutritional levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A. Ványiné Széles
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stochastic Correlation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Average Rainfall

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of fertilisation and year on the SPAD value and on the dynamics of the SPAD value during the growing season.The results proved that the SPAD value steadily decreased over the growing season in a dry year, whereas it increased in a year with favourable precipitation. Fertilisation increased the SPAD values significantly (P<0.001). The significantly highest SPAD value, in both dry years and those with average rainfall, was achieved by applying 60 kg N ha −1 fertiliser active ingredient at the 6-leaf stage, and 120 kg N ha −1 at both the 12-leaf stage and the 50% silking stage.The correlation between fertilisation and SPAD values was greatly affected by the year, being closest in 2004 when there was an average precipitation supply, and weakest in 2007, the driest year. The correlation between the factors was weak at the 6-leaf stage, but became stronger as the vegetation period proceeded.As the growing season progressed, the SPAD values decreased in the dry year, but increased in the year with average precipitation supplies. Nutrient uptake was relatively intensive until the 12-leaf stage in the average year. In the dry year, the decrease in the SPAD value was the most intensive at the 50% silking stage.There was no stochastic correlation between the SPAD value measured at the 6-leaf stage and the yield, but the correlation between the two variables became stronger during the vegetation period.

Effect of harvest period on the protein content in sea buckthorn leaves

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. C. Li ◽  
D. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Freeze Dried

A study was conducted at Summerland, BC, in 2000 and 2001 to investigate the effect of harvest period on the protein content of sea buckthorn leaves. Leaves of both male and female plants were collected bi-weekly during the growing season and analyzed with a LECO FP-528 nitrogen analyzer after air- and freeze-drying. A conversion factor of kA = 5.7 was applied to obtain the protein content. Total protein content in sea buckthorn leaves showed very small differences between male and female plants and from either freeze-dried or air-dried materials. There were significant fluctuations among harvest periods in both years. Based on the results of this experiment, sea buckthorn leaves should be harvested from late July to early August since leaf protein content peaked around this period of time and started to decline significantly by the middle of August. Key words: Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L., leaf protein

Effect of the stem borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on the yield of maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
J. H. Mareck
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Eldana Saccharina ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

AbstractField experiments were conducted in the dry season of 1985–86 and the first and second rainy seasons of 1986 at Ibadan, Nigeria, to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by Eldana saccharina Walker to maize. Grain weight per plant in artificially infested plots was up to 36% lower than grain weight per plant in insecticide-protected plots. Artificially infested plots had significantly lower 100-grain weight than insecticide-protected ones. The regression coefficient obtained from covariance analysis revealed that 100-grain weight decreased by 0.125 g for each unit increase in the percentage of the stem tunnelled. Infestations of E. saccharina were found to increase significantly the incidence and severity of stalk rots.

Water Requirements of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) Sown on Different Dates in a Monsoon Climate

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
M. A. Taha ◽  
M. N. A. Malik ◽  
F. I. Chaudhry ◽  
M. I. Makhdum
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

SUMMARYThe consumptive use of water by cotton (G. hirsutum L.) variety 149F, sown at three dates, was calculated using Penman Et × crop factor method. The earlier the sowing date the more water evapotranspired, mainly due to differences in the length of the growing season and the amount by which it coincided with the monsoonal depression of potential evapotranspiration. An example is given of calculating the irrigation requirements of a mid-June sown cotton, accounting for average rainfall, showing that the water requirements of cotton during the early stages may be adequately met by the establishment irrigation and rains during July. Examples are cited to show that a charged profile at the beginning of the season may sustain good growth and produce satisfactory yield.

scholarly journals Мінливість тривалості веґетаційного періоду у колекційних зразків сої

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Л. Г. Білявська ◽  
А. М. Рибальченко
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Late Group

Наведено результати вивчення тривалості веґетаційного періоду 145 колекційних зразків сої протягом 2013–2015 рр. На основі статистичного аналізу даних встановлено, що коефіцієнт варіації (V) тривалості веґетаційного періоду за зразками колекції був менший 10 % і коливався від 0,5 % у зразка ВНИИОЗ-76 до 4 % у зразка Merlin.  Коефіцієнт регресії (bi), що характеризує ступінь екологічної пластичності, у колекційних зразківа коливався від -3,31 у сорту Merlin до 3,23 у сорту Ельдорадо. В межах кожної групи стиглості відібрано зразки, які виявилися стабільними. Згідно з екологічною оцінкою за коефіцієнтом регресії (ступенем пластичності) та екологічною стабільністю встановлено відносну цінність 28 генотипів, які були стабільними (bi від 0 до 1) за тривалістю веґетаційного періоду. В ультраскоростиглій групі виділено 6 зразків, скоростиглій – 17 та в пізньостиглій – 5. Виділені генотипи є перспективними для селекційного та практичного використання. The results of studying the duration of the vegetation period of 145 collections of soybeans during 2013–2015 are presented. Based on statistical analysis of the data, the coefficient of variation (V) of the vegetation period according to the collection samples was less than 10 % and varied from 0.5 % in the sample ARSRIHFF-76 (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hunting and Fur Farming) to 4 % of Merlin sample. Regression coefficient (bi), characterizing the degree of ecological plasticity in the collection of samples ranged from -3.31 to 3.23 to Merlin grade class at El Dorado. In each group of ripeness samples were selected which proved to be stable. According to the environmental assessment for the regression coefficient (degree of plasticity) and sustainability set the relative value of 28 genotypes, which were stable (bi from 0 to 1) for the duration of the growing season. 6 samples was in ultra precocious group, 17 samples was in precocious group and 5 samples was in late ripening group. The samples Zlata, Biliavka, Lada, Dione, Anastasia, OAC Vision was stable (bi from 0 to 1) in ultra precocious group. The regression coefficient ranged from 0.08 (Zlata) to the 0.61 (OAC Vision and Anastasia). Other samples responded more to changes in growing conditions. The coefficient of variation in the samples in this maturity group varied from 0.62 % to 2.69 %. 17 stable genotypes selected in the most numerous precocious group: Precarpathian 96, Silver Ruth, Roxolana, Denis, Princess, ARSRIHFF-76, Larisa, Podiaka, Adamos, Ustia, Anzhelika, Suziria, Krasa Podillia, Osoblyva, Deimos, Sylvia. The regression coefficient ranged from 0.02 (Precarpathian 96) to 0.96 (Nattawa). The coefficient of variation in the samples in this maturity group ranged from 0.5 % to 4 %. In the middle-ripening group (121–140 days), the regression coefficient (bi) in the samples was 1>bi. Galyna and Don’ka maximum approaching maturity in the group to environmentally plastic with a regression coefficient 1.38 in both varieties. In late ripening, genotypes such as Del'ta, Vilana, Sedmytsia, Black Jack 21, Hejiao 87-94-3 have been identified. The regression coefficient was 0.36 in the Delta variety to 0.89 in the Hejiao 87-94-3 sample. The coefficient of variation (V) length of the growing season in late group of samples ranged from 0.7 % to 2.45 %. Selected genotypes are promising for breeding and practical use.

scholarly journals A NEW CULTIVAR OF COMMON VETCH OBSKAYA 16

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
A. V. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Variety Testing

The results of research into the creation of a new cultivar of spring common vetch Obskaya 16 are presented. The work was carried out in the period 2014-2017. The goal was set to create a new earlyripening variety with а high fodder and seed productivity, high protein content, and an even ripening of seeds. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 was created by the method of hybridization on the basis of genetically different and ecologically-distant genotypes with subsequent multiple selection according to the specified parameters from the Kamalinskaya 611 × Novosibirskskaya hybrid populations. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 combines early ripeness with high fodder and seed productivity. The length of the growing season of the new cultivar is, on average, 81 days, which allows for the production of certified seeds annually. During all the years of testing in breeding nurseries, the new cultivar surpassed the standard Kamalinskaya 611 in green mass by 41%, in dry matter by 40%, and in grain by 27%. This cultivar is of mowing type, its average seed yield is 2.43 t/ha, green mass 28 t/ha, dry matter – 5.82 t/ha. The main economic and valuable characteristics of the Obskaya 16 cultivar are as follows: the height of the stem is 85-120 cm, the number of internodes is 19-25, the height of attachment of the lower seed pods is 78 cm. The average number of seed pods per plant is 24, the maximum is 46, the average number of seeds per a seed pod is 7-8. The mass of 1000 seeds is 72.6 g. The colour of the seed coat is mainly black velvet (92%) and brown (8%). Crude protein content is 25.3–30.5%. In 2016 the cultivar of spring common vetch was passed to the state variety testing under the name Obskaya 16. The newly created cultivar surpasses the previously recognized varieties in the region by early ripeness, fodder and seed productivity, as well as high fodder quality.

scholarly journals Genetic functional potential displays minor importance in explaining spatial variability of methane fluxes within a Eriophorum vaginatum dominated Swedish peatland

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Dawson White ◽  
Lena Ström ◽  
Veiko Lehsten ◽  
Janne Rinne ◽  
Dag Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Functional Potential

Abstract. Microbial communities of methane (CH4) producing methanogens and consuming methanotrophs play an important role for Earth's atmospheric CH4 budget. Despite their global significance, knowledge on how much they control the spatial variation in CH4 fluxes from peatlands is poorly understood. We studied variation in CH4 producing and consuming communities in a natural peatland dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum, via a metagenomics approach using custom designed hybridization-based oligonucleotide probes to focus on taxa and functions associated with methane cycling. We hypothesized that sites with different magnitudes of methane flux are occupied by structurally and functionally different microbial communities, despite the dominance of a single vascular plant species. To investigate this, nine plant-peat mesocosms dominated by the sedge Eriophorum vaginatum, with varying vegetation coverage, were collected from a temperate natural wetland and subjected to a simulated growing season. During the simulated growing season, measurements of CH4 emission, carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange and δ13C signature of emitted CH4 were made. Mesocosms 1 through 9 were classified into three categories according to the magnitude of CH4 flux. Gross primary production and ecosystem respiration followed the same pattern as CH4 fluxes, but this trend was not observed in net ecosystem exchange. We observed that genetic functional potential was of minor importance in explaining spatial variability of CH4 fluxes with only small shifts in taxonomic community and functional genes. In addition, a higher β-diversity was observed in samples with high CH4 emission. Among methanogens, Methanoregula, made up over 50 % of the community composition. This, in combination with the remaining hydrogenotrophic methanogens matched the δ13C isotopic signature of emitted CH4. However, the presence of acetoclastic and methylotrophic taxa and type I, II and Verrucomicrobia methanotrophs indicates that the microbial community holds the ability to produce and consume CH4 in multiple ways. This is important in terms of future climate scenarios, where peatlands are expected to alter in nutrient status, hydrology, and peat biochemistry. Due to the high functional potential, we expect the community to be highly adaptive to future climate scenarios.

Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea) in the Victorian Mallee. 3. The effects of applied phosphorus and nitrogen on wheat on infested land

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
GJ Wells
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

Eight fertilizer experiments were conducted at five locations in the Mallee from 1963 to 1966, following both lucerne and volunteer pastures, to study responses to applied phosphorus and nitrogen in wheat on sandy soils infested with skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea). Each year two separate sites were selected-one having no history of sown pasture, the other having supported a poor, but typical lucerne stand for several years. In most years, grain yields were markedly increased by both nutrients following either lucerne or volunteer pasture, and a large positive interaction occurred between phosphorus and nitrogen at five sites. The response to nitrogen obtained after lucerne was due to the low density of the lucerne stands, which had had little effect on skeleton weed populations and soil nitrogen levels. Total yield variation depended mainly on the number of fertile tillers (66 per cent) and grain number per ear (19 per cent). On the other hand, the yield increases to phosphorus and nitrogen were attributed mainly to increases in the number of grains per ear, although increased tiller number also contributed. Grain weight was of little importance in both total yield and yield response. The level of grain protein content depended mainly on the growing season rainfall (r = -0.832). Application of phosphorus reduced grain protein content, and nitrogen increased it. The response to applied nitrogen was related to growing season rainfall (r = 0.783) and the difficulty of determining optimum rates of application is discussed.

A Study on the Silage Properties of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grass Mixtures in Different Rates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bengisu
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

This study was carried out in Harran University of Turkey during 2017-2018 in November-May growing season in order to investigate the effect of sole and mixed Hungarian vetch and Barley grass silage properties. In the study, 100% Hungarian vetch (H), 100% barley (B), “75% H + 25% B”, “50% H + 50% B”, “25% H + 75% B” mixtures were used. When the physical properties of silages were examined, it is observed that the silage quality increased as the barley ratio in the mixture increased, where the highest quality was obtained at sole barley silage. In terms of chemical properties of silages; the lowest acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) and the highest protein content values were obtained from the “75% H + 25% B” silage mixture. It was concluded that the most suitable silage mixture for high silage quality was “75% H + 25% B”.

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