STUDIES OF WATERFOWL IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: GREATER SCAUP DUCK, LESSER SCAUP DUCK

1941 ◽  
Vol 19d (4) ◽  
pp. 113-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Munro
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Lesser Scaup ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Winter Flocks ◽  
Coast Region

Nyroca marila is an abundant migrant through British Columbia and large numbers winter in the coast region. The sex ratio in winter flocks is predominantly male. Chara was the chief food eaten by 57 specimens from Okanagan Lake, miscellaneous vegetable matter was second, and molluscs third in importance. Food items, listed in order of importance, on coast streams and lakes were: vegetable matter, molluscs, salmon eggs, salmon flesh, and, on salt water: gastropods, sea lettuce (Ulva sp.), crustaceans, and herring eggs. N. affinis nests commonly in parts of the dry interior and elsewhere in the province is a migrant and scarce winter visitant. Sex ratio is predominantly male. Courtship continues through April and May; laying commences in June and late clutches are found in August. Females defend their young vigorously and a habit of combining broods has a probable survival value. Males raft on certain lakes in July and go into eclipse as flight feathers are shed. These populations include yearling and post-breeding females and later, adolescents. The former moult at this time. Adults migrate early and those remaining are largely young of the year. Amphipods are the chief food of all age groups on the nesting ground; aquatic insects and seeds of aquatic plants are also important. Both species of scaup ducks are economically important as food and for sport in the interior but less so on the coast where, because of a different diet, their flesh is less palatable. It was not determined whether the consumption of salmon eggs and herring eggs is of economic significance. Elsewhere than on the coast scaup ducks are related to other interests only to the limited extent to which they are food competitors of trout and other commercially valuable fishes.

Lampetra macrostoma, a New Species of Freshwater Parasitic Lamprey from the West Coast of Canada

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The West ◽  
Large Disc ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
A New Species

Lampetra macrostoma n.sp., a freshwater parasitic lamprey, is distinguished from related species L. tridentata, L. lethophaga, L. folletti, L. minima, and L. similis by its parasitic habit and very large disc. Other characters distinguishing the species from L. tridentata are its longer prebranchial length, large eye, weakly pigmented velar tentacles, and its ability to remain in freshwater. The recently metamorphosed form readily survives in freshwater and probably is non-anadromous even though it can survive in salt water. The new species has been discovered in two lakes on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, where it attacks large numbers of resident salmonids. Because of its ability to survive and feed in freshwater, it poses a definite threat to freshwater fishes.Key words: lamprey, new species, non-anadromous lamprey, salmonid parasitism

STUDIES OF WATERFOWL IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: BUFFLE-HEAD

1942 ◽  
Vol 20d (6) ◽  
pp. 133-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Munro
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

Charitonetta albeola is a common summer visitant to parts of the interior of British Columbia and is abundant on the coast region in winter. Adults arrive in the interior in advance of the yearlings and the sex ratio in early spring flocks is predominantly male. Later, both age groups associate for a short time, then the paired adults become established on nesting territories. Most of the yearling males, and subsequently the adult males, disappear for six weeks or longer. They eclipse and begin to appear again on certain lakes in August but are not plentiful until late September or early October. The yearling females remain on the breeding grounds in flocks throughout the summer. Courtship which is observed first on the coast in March reaches its greatest intensity on the interior lakes in April. Males vigorously defend their nesting territories. Eggs are laid in May and by the last week of June most of the young have appeared. Breeding females leave their broods in order to moult before the young have reached the flying stage and associate with flocks of yearling females that have gathered on certain waters where food is abundant. At this time all are excessively wary. In the interior aquatic insects are the chief food of downy young, adolescents, and adults. On certain lakes amphipods and molluscs are important foods. Fishes, where available, form a minor part of the diet. Seeds of aquatic plants are the main vegetable food except on Okanagan Lake where a larger amount of other plant material is consumed. On salt water, crustaceans and molluscs are first and small fishes, second in importance. The buffle-head is highly regarded as an object of beauty. In the interior it is of economic value as food but is not held in esteem on coast waters. No evidence of it eating commercially valuable fishes was obtained and its consumption of salmon eggs, noted on coast streams, does not reach significant proportions.

Estimating the Prevalence of Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Approach to Triangulating Available Data to Inform Health Systems Planning:: Estimer la prévalence des troubles mentaux et des troubles liés à une substance: une approche systématique de la triangulation des données disponibles pour éclairer la planification du système de santé

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110068
Author(s):  
Daniel Vigo ◽  
Wayne Jones ◽  
Naomi Dove ◽  
Daniel E. Maidana ◽  
Corinne Tallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Systems Planning ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of specific mental and substance use disorders (MSUDs), by age and sex, as a first step toward informing needs-based health systems planning by decision-makers. Methods: We developed a conceptual framework and a systematic methodology for combining available data sources to yield prevalence estimates for specific MSUDs. Data sources used included published, peer-reviewed literature from Canada and comparable countries, Canadian population survey data, and health administrative data from British Columbia. Several well-established methodologies including systematic review and meta-analyses of published prevalence estimates, modelling of age- and sex-specific distributions, and the Global Burden of Disease severity distribution model were incorporated in a novel mode of triangulation. Results: Using this novel approach, we obtained prevalence estimates for 10 MSUDs for British Columbia, Canada, as well as prevalence distributions across age groups, by sex. Conclusion: Obtaining reliable assessments of disorder prevalence and severity is a useful first step toward rationally estimating service need and plan health services. We propose a methodology to leverage existing information to obtain robust estimates in a timely manner and with sufficient granularity to, after adjusting for comorbidity and matching with severity-specific service bundles, inform need-based planning efforts for adult (15 years and older) mental health and substance use services.

Helminths of the pig on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: relative prevalence, abundance and economic significance

1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Fabiyi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Cysticercus Tenuicollis ◽  
Jos Plateau ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Relative Prevalence

ABSTRACTDuring the period October 1972 to July 1973 inclusive, 450 pigs of various age groups, belonging mainly to the native breed (white variety), born and raised on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria, were examined for helminth infections. Post-mortem worm recovery indicated that 15 species of helminths were present: Hyostrongylus rubidus, Ascarops strongylina, Physocephalus sexalatus, Ascaris suum, Globocephalus urosubulatus, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Metastrongylus salmi, Stephanurus dentatus, Cysticercus cellulosae, Cysticercus tenuicollis, hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus and sparganum of Spirometra erinacei.The records of A. strongylina, P. sexalatus, O. quadrispinulatum, M. salmi, C. tenuicollis, hydatid cyst and sparganum are new for pigs in Nigeria.It is possible that pigs may play some role in the local epizootiology of C. tenuicollis and E. granulosus. C. cellulosae, E. granulosus, S. erinacei, A. suum and T. suis may be of significance as zoonoses.

scholarly journals Ascitic Fluid Cytology Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
CC Nwafor ◽  
K Obioha ◽  
TO Akhiwu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Ascites is a symptom that can originate due to diverse pathologies. A lot of investigations including ascitic fluid cytology (AFC) can be done on it to help determine its origin. The aim of this study, is to document the findings and highlight the importance of AFC in patient care in Uyo. All AFC reports and slides in the Department of Histopathology, University of Uyo were retrieved, reviewed and used for this study. The age ranged from 1.5 – 80 years with mean age, 41.79 (±17.23) years. About 71.8% of the ascitic fluid (AF) specimens were from patients between the 3rd and 6th decade. Females predominated in all age groups expect 10-19 year's group, with a male to female sex ratio of 1:2.4. Malignant cells were seen in 28.7% of all the samples, while 51.2% were negative for malignant cells. Malignant cells were seen in 4 (6.7%), 11 (18.3%) and 6 (10%) of the AFC performed due to various liver pathologies, ovarian malignancies and intra-abdominal malignancies respectively. Malignant cells were found more in females with a male to female ratio of 1: 3.6. Age group 40-49 years accounted for most of the malignant cases (26.6%). The pattern of AFC in Uyo is similar to the pattern in other parts of Nigeria

scholarly journals Assamese Monkeys in Nagarjun Forest of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh K Chalise ◽  
Hideshi Ogawa ◽  
Bishnu Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
National Park ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Troop Size ◽  
Macaca Assamensis

The population distribution of Assamese monkey Macaca  assamensis were studied in Nagarjun forest of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal and data collected during Dec. 2013 and January 2014, by scan sampling methods along with transect walk through forest trails and ring-road of forest. Sevenbi sexual troops were observed in subtropical/lower temperate forest of Nagarjun forest especially around Raniban forest area. The observed smallest troop was with 9 individuals while the largest troop had 37 (41) individuals of different age. The average troop size is 20.57. Out of three broad age groups adults were 56.31% and immature 43.06% while infant alone were 18.06%. The sex ratio between male and female was 1:1.34. Plant usage for feeding and resting were also enumerated. Nagarjun forest troops use mostly tall trees for the night halts and resting in day time.

Checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Canada and Alaska

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4666 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIE M. BEHAN-PELLETIER ◽  
ZOË LINDO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
National Park ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Large Numbers

This checklist of the oribatid fauna of Canada and Alaska (excluding Astigmata) includes 580 identified species in 249 genera and 96 families. The known fauna of Canada includes 556 identified species in 247 genera, and that of Alaska includes 182 species in 95 genera; 39 of the 42 oribatid superfamilies are represented. We further list ~ 300 species that are currently unidentified, and possibly undescribed. In addition, we list 42 genera that are represented only by unidentified and probably undescribed species. For each species we give combinations and synonymies, specific locations in Alaska and the Provinces and Territories of Canada, habitats, and biogeography.                There are 182 identified species known for Alaska, 152 for Yukon, 122 for Northwest Territories, 58 for Nunavut; 210 for British Columbia, 213 for Alberta, 15 for Saskatchewan, 84 for Manitoba, 167 for Ontario, 210 for Québec, 110 for Nova Scotia, 77 for New Brunswick, 84 for Newfoundland and 6 for Prince Edward Island. The known fauna of Canada is smaller than that of Austria, and is approximately equivalent to that of the Czech Republic. As these countries are much smaller in size than Canada and less ecologically diverse, we consider the Canadian and Alaskan fauna are at most 25% known. The paucity of these data reflects the absence of taxonomic and faunistic studies on Oribatida in State, Provinces or Territories, and especially in the Canadian and Alaskan National Park systems and the hundreds of Provincial Parks.                Despite the almost 90% increase in described species since the catalogue of Marshall et al. (1987), there is a need for focussed, coordinated research on Oribatida in the natural regions throughout Canada and Alaska, and for monographs on families and genera with large numbers of undescribed species, such as Brachychthoniidae, Damaeidae, Cepheidae, Liacaridae, Oppiidae, Suctobelbidae, Hydrozetidae, Phenopelopidae, Scheloribatidae, Haplozetidae and Galumnidae. 

scholarly journals Contributions to the biology of the mackerel, Scomber scombrus L. III. Age and growth

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Young Of The Year

The first serious attempt to determine the age and growth rate of the common mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.) appears to have been made by Captain Atwood in 1856 (quoted by Brown Goode, 1884, p. 116) in the Massachusetts Bay area of northern North America. Small fish caught by Atwood in October of that year measuring 6½–7 in. in length (16.5–17.5 cm.) he believed to be the young of the year (i.e. they belonged to the O-group). Mackerel belonging to this group he calls ‘spikes’. ‘Blinks', ‘tinkers’ and ‘second size’ fish he assigns to the I-, II- and III-year age groups respectively, but unfortunately gives no data as to the sizes of those categories, merely stating that everyone well acquainted with mackerel makes the same groupings ‘as there seems to be a line of demarkation between the different kinds which stands out prominently’. Sixteen years later, on 27 July 1872, Malm (1877, p. 409) observed large numbers of small mackerel close inshore in the Gullmarfjord near Christineberg. Several tons of those mackerel were enclosed in a seine, but only ten specimens were retained as all the others escaped through the meshes. These ten fish ranged in length from 67 to 100 mm. and Malm surmised their age to be 13 months. Collett (1880, p. 18) stated that on the coast of Norway I-year-old mackerel are ‘fingerlang’. To fish of 20 cm., taken at the end of August, he ascribed (without supporting data) an age of 2 years, with sexual maturity supervening at 3 years at an unspecified length.

Article

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Ødegård ◽  
Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen ◽  
Astrid Skretting
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Heroin Abuse ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Heroin Abusers ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

Einar Ødegård & Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen & Astrid Skretting: The development of drug abuse in Norway in the 1990s This article aims to shed light on the development of drug abuse in Norway during the 1990s. The data come from various different sources, including questionnaire studies as well as other data sets describing the extent of drug abuse in the country. There has been a marked increase in drug abuse during the 1990s. Data from annual youth surveys in 1990 to 1995 indicate that between 8 and 10 per cent of youths aged 15–20 had ever used cannabis, whereas the figure during the latter half of the decade was substantially higher at 18–19 per cent. Surveys in the whole population also point at an increase from 1991 through to 1999: in 1991 the proportion indicating they had ever used cannabis was 8.2%, by 1999 the figure had risen to 12.5%. Furthermore, a simple cohort analysis clearly indicates that large numbers are continuing to use cannabis: the figures are also rising in older age groups. With the growing prevalence of cannabis use in younger age groups we may therefore expect to see increasing numbers of regular and frequent cannabis users in the whole population as well. Drug seizures by the police and customs have increased sharply during the latter half of the 1990s: this applies not only to amphetamine and ecstasy but also cocaine and LSD. This is supported by the results of annual questionnaire surveys among youths, who are reporting a marked increase in the use of these types of drugs. In the early 1990s around 1% of youths in the age group 15–20 said they had ever used amphetamine. This figure remained more or less unchanged through to the mid-1990s. However by the end of the decade around 4% said they had used amphetamine. The data from youth surveys furthermore indicate that there is considerable overlap in the use of amphetamine and ecstasy. In this material the sharpest increase is recorded in the proportion of those indicating they have used both amphetamine and ecstasy. There are several indicators which describe the extent of heroin abuse. All these indicators show that there has been a sharp increase in heroin abuse during the 1990s. A simple mortality analysis suggests that the number of heroin abusers has doubled over the past decade. Drug abuse has also spread markedly both in relation to age groups and geographically: today the problem is by no means limited to any specific age group, nor just to a few major cities.

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