RESPONSES OF DORMANT CUTTINGS OF LONICERA TARTARICA TO SOLUTIONS OF CANE SUGAR AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (10) ◽  
pp. 334-338
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Parallel Experiment ◽  
Factorial Series ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Fresh Root

Cuttings of dormant Lonicera tartarica, collected in March, were treated with a factorial series of indolylacetic acid and cane sugar solutions. Indolylacetic acid was used at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 p.p.m., while cane sugar was present at 0, 1, 5, and 10%. Indolylacetic acid treatment greatly increased the percentage of cuttings rooted, the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, the fresh root weight and the green weight of leaf produced. Cane sugar treatment alone or in combination with indolylacetic acid failed to show any significant effects, suggesting that dormant cuttings of this plant have an adequate reserve of carbohydrate material.Apart from a somewhat greater effect of treatment on the percentage of rooting, the results are in essential agreement with those previously secured from dormant October cuttings. In comparison with a parallel experiment on the dusting of March cuttings propagated in the same frame, solution treatment had the greater effect on all the responses considered except green weight of leaf produced, which was greater following dusting.

EFFECTS OF CANE SUGAR, ETHYL MERCURIC PHOSPHATE, AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID IN TALC ON THE ROOTING OF CUTTINGS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (10) ◽  
pp. 321-333
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Factorial Series ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽  
Fresh Root

Cuttings of two herbaceous and two dormant woody plants were treated with a factorial series of talc dusts containing cane sugar, ethyl mercuric phosphate and indolylacetic acid. The effect of the dusts on cuttings of Coleus Blumei and Iresine Lindeni was determined by the number of roots per rooted cutting, the length of root mass and dry weight of roots. Each of the three factors gave at least one significant effect with both plants. Iresine Lindeni cuttings showed two significant interactions, one between organic mercury and indolylacetic acid on the number of roots per rooted cutting, the other between sugar and indolylacetic acid on the length of root mass. Dormant Lonicera tartarica cuttings showed significant effects from indolylacetic acid on the number of cuttings rooted, the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, the mean root length, and fresh root weights. Green leaf weights of this plant were significantly affected by sugar, and the sugar × organic mercury, and sugar × organic mercury × indolylacetic acid interactions. Fresh root weights also gave a significant triple interaction. The number of Physocarpus opulifolius cuttings rooted was significantly increased by organic mercury as were the dry root weights. Root weights also were affected by sugar treatment. This plant failed to make any significant response to indolylacetic acid treatment.The results indicate that cane sugar and ethyl mercuric phosphate, as well as indolylacetic acid, affect some of the rooting responses of plant cuttings. It is suggested that the dust method of treating cuttings may be used to supply factors, other than the recognized growth stimulating chemicals, that are advantageous to successful vegetative propagation of plants.

RESPONSES OF DORMANT CUTTINGS OF LONICERA TARTARICA TO SOLUTIONS OF INDOLYLACETIG ACID AND NUTRIENT SALTS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (10) ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
M. W. Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Factorial Series ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Fresh Root

Cuttings of dormant Lonicera tartarica, collected in March, were treated with a factorial series of indolylacetic acid and nutrient solutions. Indolylacetic acid was used at dosages of 0, 10, 50, and 100 p.p.m. in conjunction with 0, 1, and 10 concentrations of a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. Indolylacetic acid treatment significantly increased the percentage of rooting, and the number and total length of roots, the fresh root weight and the green weight of leaf per group of cuttings treated, the higher concentrations having the greater effect. The use of nutrient also significantly affected each of the foregoing characters. The results suggest that some dormant cuttings may be deficient in minerals essential for rooting, and that there is an optimum nutrient concentration somewhere below the highest used in this experiment.

EFFECTS OF TALC DUSTS CONTAINING PHYTOHORMONE, NUTRIENT SALTS, AND AN ORGANIC MERCURIAL DISINFECTANT ON THE ROOTING OF HERBACEOUS CUTTINGS

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (5) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coleus Blumei ◽  
Fresh Root

Cuttings of Coleus Blumei, varieties of Chrysanthemum and species and varieties of Iresine were treated with a series of talc dusts containing naphthylbutyric acid, nutrient salts, and ethyl mercuric bromide and then were propagated in sand in the greenhouse. Naphthylbutyric acid treatment increased the number of roots per rooted cutting, and its combination with the mixture of nutrient salts increased fresh root weight of Coleus cuttings. Organic mercury treatment increased, by about 5%, the number of Chrysanthemum cuttings that rooted, and increased the number of roots on Iresine cuttings. Beneficial effects from talc treatment alone were a feature of the results. Differential reactions to both talc and organic mercury treatments were shown by closely related varieties.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VI. HORMONE SOLUTION AND DUST TREATMENTS OF SPRUCE CUTTINGS PROPAGATED IN GREENHOUSE AND OUTSIDE FRAMES

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (8) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid

Four monthly collections of dormant Norway spruce cuttings, January to April, were treated with indolylbutyric acid solutions and propagated in sand in a greenhouse. February and April collections gave better rooting than those of the other two months, while there was appreciably greater mortality of the March and April collections. The results with short cuttings were uniformly superior to those obtained with long cuttings. Other cuttings of the April collection were propagated outside. The short cuttings responded more favourably to outside conditions, while the long cuttings gave equally poor results inside and outside. Indolylbutyric acid treatment had no beneficial effect and was followed by reduced rooting and increased mortality at concentrations from 20 to 60 p.p.m.Results of a late March collection of Norway, white, and black spruce cuttings treated with talc dusts containing indolylacetic acid, cane sugar, and organic mercury, indicated that Norway spruce rooted more readily than the two other species. Treatment failed to have a beneficial effect, although injury from indolylacetic acid was somewhat reduced by its combination with organic mercury.The results of these and the other experiments reported indicate that short Norway spruce cuttings over the period from January to April root to the extent of about 50%. A May collection, an early June collection with new growth on the cuttings, and a late June collection in which the cuttings were made from new growth only, gave inappreciable rooting. Similar new-growth cuttings did, however, give some rooting when propagated in sand watered with nutrient salts.

EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM ACID PHOSPHATE, CANE SUGAR, ETHYL MERCURIC BROMIDE, AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID IN A TALC CARRIER ON THE ROOTING OF STEM CUTTINGS

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (4) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Stem

Greenwood cuttings of Deutzia Lemoinei, Symphoricarpus albus, and Weigela rosea and dormant cuttings of Lonicera tatarica were treated with a series of 32 talc dusts containing potassium acid phosphate at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10%, in combination with 0 and 10% cane sugar, 0 and 50 p.p.m. ethyl mercuric bromide, and 0 and 1000 p.p.m. indolylacetic acid. The lower concentrations of phosphate tended to increase rooting and reduce mortality of two of the species of greenwood cuttings whereas the 10% concentration was ineffective or injurious. However, this concentration was favourable to the rooting of dormant cuttings. Indolylacetic acid treatment increased the number of rooted cuttings and the number and length of roots. Beneficial effects were indicated for organic mercury and cane sugar treatments. However, these were attributed largely to the combinations with phosphate and indolylacetic acid. The results indicate that the effectiveness of dusts containing indolylacetic acid in the treatment of plant stem cuttings may be increased by the addition of nutrient and disinfectant chemicals.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: IV. EFFECTS OF CANE SUGAR, ETHYL MERCURIC PHOSPHATE, AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID IN TALC DUST ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid

Norway spruce cuttings collected in November from the upper part of the tree were treated with a series of talc dusts containing indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids, each at 0, 1000, and 5000 p.p.m., combined with cane sugar at 0 and 10%, and ethyl mercuric phosphate at 0 and 50 p.p.m., and propagated in a greenhouse. Indolylacetic acid at 1000 p.p.m. increased rooting by about 10% to 42.5%, three months after planting, but at 5000 p.p.m. reduced it significantly. Naphthylacetic acid reduced rooting at both concentrations. Indolylacetic acid increased the length of root per rooted cutting. Sugar in combination with indolylacetic acid inhibited the increase in root length caused by the hormone alone; organic mercury alone or in combination with indolylacetic acid reduced root length, but sugar and mercury in combination exerted no greater inhibition than either alone.Mean root length was affected only by indolylacetic acid, which increased it.

EFFECTS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL HORMONES ON THE ROOTING OF DUST- AND SOLUTION-TREATED DORMANT STEM CUTTINGS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (9) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Cornus Alba ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Dust Treatment

Indolylbutyric acid and oestrone were applied in dusts to dormant stem cuttings of Lonicera tartarica, Spiraea Vanhouttei, and Cornus alba, and in both dusts and solutions to cuttings of Ribes odoratum. Indolylbutyric acid had significant effects on the number of cuttings rooted and the number and length of roots per rooted cutting of three species. Further observations indicated that it also affected the fresh root weight of cuttings of Spiraea Vanhouttei and the green leaf weight of Ribes odoratum. Oestrone had no significant effect on rooting, but in solution treatment showed significant effects on the green leaf weight of Ribes odoratum, both alone and in interaction with indolylbutyric acid. Cuttings of Cornus alba failed to show any significant treatment effects.Dust and solution methods of treating cuttings were compared through the responses of Ribes odoratum. Dust treatment effected 62% rooting, solution 42%; there also was markedly greater leaf development following the use of dusts.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: IX. EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS AND A WAX SPRAY ON THE OUTDOOR PROPAGATION OF SPRUCE CUTTINGS

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (7) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Wax Coating ◽  
Injurious Effects

Norway spruce cuttings were collected at intervals throughout the year, subjected to treatment with talc dusts containing from 5 up to 10,000 p.p.m. of indolylacetic acid, and propagated in outdoor frames. In some experiments, indolylacetic acid treatments were included in a series of dusts involving cane sugar, potassium acid phosphate, and organic mercurial disinfectants. Effects of wax coating of cuttings of Norway and white spruce and eastern white cedar were also considered.Indolylacetic acid treatment failed to have any general beneficial effects on rooting; concentrations of 8000 and 10,000 p.p.m. were usually injurious. However, treatment of apparently dormant cuttings, taken shortly before emergence of new growth, with 1000 p.p.m. gave 25% rooting, as compared to 8% for the controls, and tended to increase the length of root. Treatments with organic mercury, cane sugar, and potassium acid phosphate increased survival of new growth, and, in combination with indolylacetic acid, increased survival and root lengths.Talc treatment increased rooting to as much as 70% for cuttings planted in sand as compared to 25% for the controls, but had no effect on plantings in a sand–peat mixture. Talc effects were the most marked on cuttings taken before emergence of new growth and when planting was delayed for 24 hr. after treatment.Wax application had no effect on dormant spruce cuttings but was markedly injurious to summer collections. Injurious effects were reduced when wax was used in conjunction with indolylacetic acid treatment.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF INDOLYL ACIDS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (11) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Root

The physiological activity of a series of indolyl acids, from the acetic to the valeric, including 5-methyl-indolylpropionic, has been determined by the rooting responses of Lonicera tartarica cuttings treated with solutions of each. Indolylbutyric acid was the most active chemical, affecting the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, the mean root length, the green weight of leaves, and the fresh root weights. Indolylacetic acid had significant effects on the number and length of roots per rooted cutting. Slight activity was shown by indolylpropionic acid, but neither indolylvaleric acid nor 5-methyl-indolylpropionic showed any significant treatment effects. None of the acids affected the number of cuttings rooted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of improved cassava genotypes for yield and related traits for a better breeding strategy under different agroecologies in Nigeria

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Adetoro ◽  
O. O. Oworu ◽  
A. L. Nassir ◽  
A. Bello ◽  
E. Parkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Fresh Root

AbstractThis study aimed at determining shoot and root characteristics of cassava as affected by root yield and the influence of soil moisture on vegetative growth and yield. Thirty cassava genotypes were evaluated for morphological and physiological characterization in three locations in Nigeria: Ibadan, Mokwa and Zaria. Randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Studies on the pasting properties of the genotypes were also carried out. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, stay-green ability, garri and fresh root weight. Genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.05) across and within locations for shoot and root characteristics. Across locations, genotype 011663 had the highest plant height (132.4 cm); 30572 had the largest stem girth (8.6 cm); and 010040 was the best stay-green (2.2). Genotype 011086 had the highest number of roots per plot (95.7), 950289 had the highest fresh root yield (24.3 t/ha), and 990554 had the highest percentage of dry matter (35.2). Trends in root yields across locations were Ibadan (28.9 t/ha), Mokwa (20.3 t/ha), and Zaria (8 t/ha). Five genotypes IITA-TMS-IBA950289, 010034, 990554, 011807, and 980581 had negligible interactions with the environment and so have broad adaptation and are considered stable; and two clones 011807 and 950166 were found to be the best for pasting properties. Breeding strategies that consider root size, total root number, harvest index, dry matter, with applications for household foods and industrial uses, will be an effective and efficient way to select genotypes for high yield.

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