AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY: CORRELATION OF MONTHLY PRECIPITATION IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN WITH LATITUDE, LONGITUDE AND ALTITUDE

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (5) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
J. W. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complete Specification ◽  
Agricultural Meteorology

The linear partial regression coefficients of the 19-ycar average (1917–1935) monthly precipitation recorded at 42 points in central and southern Alberta on latitude, longitude and altitude were determined for each month of the year. The correlation of precipitation with these co-ordinates, although statistically significant, was only moderate. Some improvement was effected by inclusion of the quadratic term in longitude, but even so, more than 50% of the inter-station variance of the 19-year precipitation averages for most months remained in the form of residual deviations. Observations for individual years were even less amenable to graduation. Consequently, a given number of meteorological stations would provide a much less complete specification of precipitation than of air temperature (the subject of a parallel previous study) within the area considered.

AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY: CORRELATION OF AIR TEMPERATURES IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN WITH LATITUDE, LONGITUDE AND ALTITUDE

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Agricultural Meteorology

Linear partial regression coefficients of the 18-year average (1917–34) monthly mean air temperature recorded at 43 points in central and southern Alberta and Saskatchewan on latitude, longitude, and altitude were determined for each month of the year. The three series of coefficients each show an independent seasonal trend. The decrease in air temperature with altitude is greatest in summer and least in winter, whereas the gradient associated with longitude is most pronounced in winter and least in evidence in summer. The influence of latitude is likewise most pronounced in winter, but shows two minima, in spring and autumn respectively. The monthly regression equations account for most of the variance of the station averages, and hence provide a reasonably satisfactory graduation of the climatological temperature gradients characteristic of this area at different seasons of the year.These regression equations could not, however, be applied satisfactorily to the monthly averages for individual years, owing to greater local variation. Additional equations were therefore determined from the records for 1935 at 27 stations in the sub-area bounded by the 50th and 52nd parallels and the 104th and 108th meridians. The results suggest that further additions to the number of stations would still be desirable, and that if this was effected a fairly accurate graduation should be possible within this district, even in individual years.

COMPARISON OF OBSERVATIONS AND MACROCLIMATIC MODEL ESTIMATES OF MONTHLY WINTER SOIL TEMPERATURES AT OTTAWA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. DWYER ◽  
H. N. HAYHOE
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Estimates of monthly soil temperatures under short-grass cover across Canada using a macroclimatic model (Ouellet 1973a) were compared to monthly averages of soil temperatures monitored over winter at Ottawa between November 1959 and April 1981. Although the fit between monthly estimates and Ottawa observations was generally good (R for all months and depths 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 m was 0.90), it was noted that midwinter estimates were generally below observed temperatures at all soil depths. Data sets used in the development of the original Ouellet (1973a) multiple regression equations were collected from stations across Canada, many of which have reduced snow cover. It was found that the buffering capability of the snow cover accumulated at Ottawa during the winter months was underestimated by the pertinent partial regression coefficients in these equations. The coefficients were therefore modified for the Ottawa station during the winter months. The resultant regression models were used to estimate soil temperature during the winters of 1981–1982 and 1982–1983. Although the Ottawa-based models included fewer variables because of the smaller data base available from a single site, comparisons of model estimates and observations were good (R = 0.84 and 0.91) and midwinter estimates were not consistently underestimated as they were using the original Ouellet (1973a) model. Reliable monthly estimates of soil temperatures are important since they are a necessary input to more detailed predictive models of daily soil temperatures. Key words: Regression model, snowcover, stepwise regression, variable selection

XX.—On a See-Saw of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, and Wind Velocity between the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea

1915 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
R. C. Mossman
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In the course of a large inquiry on the inter-relations between the meteorological conditions in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, on the one hand, and those prevailing in the southern continents, more especially South America, on the other, there has come to light an interesting see-saw between the barometric pressure, air temperature, and wind velocity in the Weddell and the Boss Seas. The above inquiry, which I hope to lay before this Society shortly, refers to the eight-year period 1902–09; and since the present paper deals with the years 1902, 1903, 1911, and 1912, I have thought it better to make it the subject of a separate communication. The positions of these stations and others where observations have been made are shown on the accompanying map, for which I am indebted to Dr H. R. Mill. The figures within the rings give the number of years covered by the records at the various places.

506. The importance of machine milking rate in dairy cow management and breeding

1953 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Dodd ◽  
A. S. Foot
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
The Relationship

An analysis has been carried out on the milk yield, milk composition and milking-rate records collected in one herd of dairy cows.It has been shown from the results of eighty-six heifers that for each pound per minute increase in inherent milking rate (i.e. peak flow) the standard lactation yield increases by 419 lb., the maximum daily yield by 0·9 lb., the lactation length by 8 days and the persistency index by 10 days, whilst the lactation solids-not-fat percentage decreases by 0·03 and the fat percentage by 0·04. All except the last coefficient were significant, although it was also shown that the relationship with solids-not-fat percentage was due to an interaction. Similarly, by the calculation of partial regression coefficients it was demonstrated that the relationship between milking rate and standard lactation yield was due to the effect of milking rate on maximum daily yield, lactation length and persistency.

scholarly journals On the seasonal variation of atmospheric temperature in the British Isles and its relation to wind-direction, with a note on the effect of sea temperature on the seasonal variation of air temperature

1902 ◽  
Vol 69 (451-458) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
The Subject

The following paper is mainly concerned with the analysis of the seasonal variation of temperature of the British Islands into a series of simple harmonic curves. The variation of temperature is so irregular that the use of this method of analysis for the investigation of the subject may seem to he arbitrary and inappropriate, and a few words of introduction are accordingly necessary to indicate the circumstances under which this mode of dealing with the subject showed itself to be specially adapted for the purpose.

The relationship between fall dormancy and germplasm source in North American alfalfa cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Fairey ◽  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
North American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Fall Dormancy ◽  
The Relationship

Most of the genetic diversity of North American alfalfa cultivars has been accounted for by nine germplasm sources listed in descending order of winter hardiness as follows: Medicago sativa ssp. falcata, Ladak, M. sativa ssp. xvaria, Turkistan, Flemish, Chilean, Peruvian, Indian and African. In most instances, the breeder assigns a fall dormancy score and the relative proportions of each of the nine germplasm source for each cultivar at registration. The fall dormancy score (1 = dormant to 9 = non-dormant), determined by measuring plant height in October after harvest in early September, is used to indicate cultivar adaptation for different regions. This study examines the relationship between germplasm composition and plant height, the equivalence of fall dormancy. The signs on the partial regression coefficients of a multiple regression analysis of plant height on the proportional content of the nine sources of germplasm showed that the fall dormancy fell essentially into two classes, namely, a dormant category, comprising cultivars containing a large contribution of Falcata and Ladak, and a non-dormant category, in which Indian and African germplasm predominate. This does not necessarily preclude the influence of any of the other germplasm sources on fall dormancy, since they represent a rich source of diversity. However, nine distinct classes were not recognisable, perhaps because of the lack of an exact equivalence between fall dormancy class and plant height of the fall regrowth. Since these observations have not been derived in a common nursery, the latitude and latitude × cultivar effects have been disregarded. These limitations should be recognized when using the currently assigned fall dormancy ratings to predict cultivar adaptation. Key words: Alfalfa, fall dormancy, sources of germplasm

scholarly journals Factors affecting warmth comfort and stuffiness in domestic rooms

1947 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-442
Author(s):  
K. W. Yarnold
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Striking Change ◽  
The Subject

One object of the investigation was to determine the ideal contributions to warmth comfort in small ‘domestic’ rooms of air heating and radiation. It was soon found that in rooms heated by fires, subjects usually complained of cold backs when the equivalent temperature was in the region of 60–65° F., the accepted standard for buildings heated by convection, and preferred equivalent temperatures above 70° F.Since large-scale trials, using many observers, were clearly necessary, the reliability of 5 min. test periods was studied; these short periods were proved reliable so long as the subject had previously been in a comfortable room for an hour or so.It was found necessary, in rooms heated by fires, to treat separately the side of the subject facing the fire and remote from it. The cooler side must be exposed to an equivalent temperature not much less than 65° F., while radiation falling on the warm side is to be regarded as a very desirable, but nonessential, bonus. These conclusions were confirmed by field work in the subjects' own homes.The eupatheoscope and globe thermometer were modified to enable conditions acting on the two sides of the body to be assessed separately.The extent to which radiation acting on the front of the body could compensate for a cold back to produce what was called ‘minimum comfort’ was also studied. It was shown that down to back equivalent temperatures of about 56° F. an increase of 2° in front equivalent temperature will compensate for a fall of 1° in back equivalent temperature, but below 56° F. compensation fails.The physical basis of sensations of stuffiness and freshness were also investigated. Throughout these experiments care was taken to ensure that the subjects were neither too hot nor too cold. In these conditions, only two factors appear to be important. First, the air temperature should be as low as possible. To obtain warmth comfort with a low air temperature some high temperature source of radiation is generally necessary. The peak wave-length of the radiation emitted by the fire is also of great importance, a striking change in the personal sensations occurring, for example, as the wave-length increases from 2 to 3μ. In general, those wavelengths which are absorbed in the outer layers of the skin cause sensations of stuffiness, and those which are not give rise to feelings of freshness. Peaks at 3, 4·1 and 4·7 μ should therefore be avoided in the design of gas and electric fires.

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