scholarly journals Taurine reverses sodium fluoride-mediated increase in inflammation, caspase-3 activity, and oxidative damage along the brain–pituitary–gonadal axis in male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac A. Adedara ◽  
Bolanle F. Olabiyi ◽  
TeminiJesu D. Ojuade ◽  
Umar F. Idris ◽  
Esther M. Onibiyo ◽  
...  

Excessive exposure to fluoride is associated with male reproductive dysfunction in humans and animals. Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is a free intracellular β-amino acid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of taurine on fluoride-induced reproductive toxicity has not been reported. The present study investigated the influence of taurine on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced functional changes along the brain–pituitary–gonadal axis in male rats. NaF was administered singly in drinking water at 15 mg·L−1 alone or orally co-administered by gavage with taurine at 100 and 200 mg·(kg body mass)−1 for 45 consecutive days. Results showed that taurine significantly prevented NaF-induced increase in oxidative stress indices as well as augmented antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level in the brain, testes, and epididymis of the treated rats. Moreover, taurine reversed NaF-induced elevation in inflammatory biomarkers and caspase-3 activity as well as histological damage in the brain, testes, and epididymis of the treated rats. The significant reversal of NaF-induced decreases in testosterone level and testicular activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase by taurine was accompanied by enhancement of sperm functional characteristics in the treated rats. Taurine may be a possible chemopreventive candidate against reproductive dysfunction resulting from fluoride exposure.

Life Sciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 116534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha T. Alam ◽  
Tamer S. Imam ◽  
Azza M.A. Abo-Elmaaty ◽  
Ahmed Hamed Arisha

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Homolak ◽  
Ana Babic Perhoc ◽  
Ana Knezovic ◽  
Jelena Osmanovic Barilar ◽  
Fatma Koc ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundDyshomeostasis of the gastrointestinal (GI) system is investigated as a potential contributor to metabolic dysfunction, systemic and neuro-inflammation recognized as important pathophysiological drivers of neurodegeneration. Gastrointestinal redox dyshomeostasis and dysfunctional brain-gut incretin axis have been reported in the rat model of insulin-resistant brain state (IRBS)-driven neurodegeneration induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ-icv). The aim was to assess i) whether GI oxidative stress is accompanied by structural and functional changes of the epithelial barrier; ii) whether the brain glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIP-R) is also involved in redox regulation of the gut; and iii) whether the STZ-icv brain-gut axis is resistant to pharmacological inhibition of the brain GIP-R.MethodsForty three-month-old male Wistar rats were treated with 3mg/kg STZ-icv or vehicle. One month later the animals were randomized to receive either saline or 85 μg/kg GIP-R inhibitor [Pro3]-GIP intracerebroventricularly and sacrificed 30 minutes later. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in plasma and duodenum. Duodenal sections were subjected to morphometric analysis. Caspase-3 expression and activation were analyzed by western blot and spatial signal analysis was done by multiplex fluorescent signal amplification (MFSA). Data were analyzed by linear and linear mixed modeling, and exploration was done by principal component analysis.ResultsInhibition of the brain GIP-R decreased plasma TBARS in the controls and the STZ-icv animals and increased duodenal TBARS only in the controls. Acute inhibition of brain GIP-R affects duodenal epithelial cell, but not villus structure, while all morphometric parameters were altered in the STZ-icv-treated animals. Morphometric changes in the STZ-icv animals were accompanied by reduced levels of activated and total regulator of apoptosis – caspase-3. Acute inhibition of brain GIP-R inactivated duodenal apoptosis at the level of caspase-3 activation.ConclusionsBrain GIP-R is involved in the regulation of the systemic and duodenal redox homeostasis and epithelial function. Duodenal oxidative stress in the STZ-icv rats is accompanied by the resistance of the brain-gut GIP axis and morphological changes indicative of abnormal epithelial cell turnover and dysfunctional GI barrier. Dysfunction of the brain-gut incretin axis might be an important etiopathogenetic factor in neurodegeneration and a potential pharmacological target.


2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 113079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac A. Adedara ◽  
Adetutu A. Adebowale ◽  
Oluwadarasimi E. Atanda ◽  
Adekola T. Fabunmi ◽  
Afolashade C. Ayenitaju ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Shakar Reddy Nalagoni ◽  
Pratap Reddy Karnati

Abstract Aluminum has no defined biological function and it is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the presence of fluoride causes more aluminum to accumulate in the brain, resulting in increased neuronal damage. In recent years, resveratrol through its ameliorative effects was found to be a neuroprotectant. This study reports the protective effects of resveratrol on combined aluminum and fluoride induced neuronal damage through oxidative stress in rats. Protective effects of resveratrol (30 mg/kg b.w) on markers of oxidative stress were determined in rats exposed to aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg b.w) along with sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg b.w) for 8 weeks. The results showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation (LPx) as well as a significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Enlarged cells, neurofibrillary tangles, and vacuolar spaces showing oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex were also observed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections in aluminum and fluoride treated rats. Administration of resveratrol along with aluminum + fluoride showed significant reversal of oxidative stress and neuronal damage in rats. Thus resveratrol potentially acts as a neuroprotectant against aluminum chloride + sodium fluoride induced neuronal damage through its anti-oxidant efficacy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret ALTINDAĞ ◽  
İsmet Meydan

Abstract The current study explored the beneficial effects of GA against testis and epididymis toxicity induced by CP treatment. Male rats were into 4 groups (n=7). Control (saline, intraperitoneal), Cisplatin (a single dose of 8 mg/kg/day cisplatin, intraperitoneal), Gallic acid (50 mg/kg Gallic acid orally for 10 days) and Cisplatin+Gallic acid groups. Total number of spermatogonia, Sertoli, Leydig cell and the total volume of testis, seminiferous tubule, interstitial area, and germinal epithelial thickness and numerical densities of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, 8-OHdG immunopositive cells were calculated. Histopathological examination of the testis and epididymis was performed. MDA and CAT levels are measured in the testis. Also, the testosterone level was measured in the serum of the rats. As a result, a significant decrease was observed in all stereological data, Bcl-2 immunopositive cell number, CAT, and serum testosterone levels in the testis compared to the CP group control group, while a significant increase was observed in the number of caspase-3, Bax, and 8-OHdG immunopositive cells and the level of MDA. However, GA significantly improved these parameters. Our study reveals that GA may improve CP-induced male reproductive toxicity by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing apoptosis and DNA damage, and restoring structural and functional deterioration.


Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Moamen S. Refat ◽  
Reham Z. Hamza ◽  
Abdel Majid A. Adam ◽  
Hosam A. Saad ◽  
Adil A. Gobouri ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the new [Ru(Q)(Cl)2(H2O)2] complex (RuIII/Q). A new vital complex containing quercetin flavonoid compound (Q) with ruthenium (III) ions was synthesized. The molar conductivity of the RuIII/Q complex was measured in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with value 12 (Ω−1 mol−1 cm−1, indicating their non-electrolytic nature. Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigation of the RuIII/Q complex indicated that Q is coordinated as a bidentate with Ru metal ions through the oxygen of carbonyl C(4)=O group and oxygen of phenolic C(3)−O group based on the wavenumber shifts at 1654 and 1335 cm−1 respectively. The electronic (UV−Vis) spectra and the magnetic susceptibility value (1.85 B.M.) revealed that the Ru(III) complex has an octahedral geometry. The average diameter of the RuIII/Q nanoparticles was approximately 7–15 nm according to the transmission electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric study (TG/DTG) indicates that the RuIII/Q compound is quite stable until 300 °C. To assess biological activity, 60 male rats were allocated to six groups, namely control, DG (D-galactose), Q, RuIII/Q, DG plus Q, and DG plus RuIII/Q. Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GRx), markers of lipid peroxidation (such as MDA), expression of genes (namely Nrf2, Cu-ZnSOD, CAT, GPx, cyto c, P53, Bax, BCl2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 in testicular tissue), glutamate, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), GSH, HCY, amyloid beta, and GABA levels were evaluated in brain tissues. Cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, histological and ultrastructural studies were estimated in both the brain and testicular tissues, while the comet assay was performed in the brain tissue. RuIII/Q administration either alone or combined with DG reduced oxidative injury to normal levels and decreased apoptotic activities. Thus, RuIII/Q inhibited injury in both the testis and brain and reduced oxidative stress in male rats. The (RuIII/Q) complex has a potent ameliorative effect against aging neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and antihepatic cancer activity induced by D-galactose (DG).


Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.


Author(s):  
А.С. Казицкая ◽  
Т.К. Ядыкина ◽  
М.С. Бугаева ◽  
А.Г. Жукова ◽  
Н.Н. Михайлова ◽  
...  

В условиях непрерывного воздействия неблагоприятных факторов окружающей и производственной среды на человека особую актуальность приобретает изучение механизмов, поддерживающих гомеостаз организма. Длительное поступление фторидов в организм приводит к формированию хронической фтористой интоксикации, патогенез которой вызывает многочисленные споры и дискуссии. До сих пор недостаточно внимания уделяется изучению висцеральной патологии, обусловленной нарушениями иммунного статуса в условиях воздействия на организм соединений фтора. Практически отсутствуют исследования по изучению иммунной реактивности, определяющей морфофункциональный характер ответной реакции печени на ранних стадиях развития фтористой интоксикации. Цель работы - изучение действий патофизиологических механизмов иммунной реактивности печени при субхроническом действии на организм соединений фтора. Методика. Опыты проведены на 210 лабораторных крысах-самцах массой 180-220 г., разделенных на 2 группы: контрольную (n=80) и группу животных с субхроническим действием фторида натрия (n=130). Экспериментальные животные в течение 12 нед имели свободный доступ к водному раствору фторида натрия (концентрация 10 мг/л, что составляет суточную дозу фтора 1,2 мг/кг массы тела). Для изучения иммунологических и биохимических показателей забирали кровь из хвостовой вены через 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 нед от начала эксперимента. Для оценки состояния гуморального звена иммунитета определяли уровень сывороточных иммуноглобулинов (IgA, IgG, IgM) иммуноферментным анализом с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск). Уровень сывороточных цитокинов: TNF-α, IL-1β, 2, 4, 6, 10 определяли на анализаторе Multiskan EX методом иммуноферментного анализа с использованием наборов «Вектор Бест» (Новосибирск). Подсчет общего количества лейкоцитов произведен классическим способом в камере Горяева, анализ лейкоцитарной формулы - в окрашенных мазках периферической крови. Метаболические изменения оценивали по активности ферментов в ткани печени: щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ), аланин- и аспартатаминотрансфераз (АЛТ, АСТ), лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), гаммаглутамилтранспептидазы (γ-ГТ). Активность ферментов определяли унифицированными методами с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск) на фотометре PM-750 (Германия). Гистологические исследования печени осуществляли после декапитации крыс, проводимой под эфирным наркозом. Результаты. Показано, что субхроническое воздействие фторида натрия сопровождается формированием внутриклеточных и внутрисосудистых повреждений печени. Активация медиаторов воспаления и развитие иммунологических нарушений в динамике эксперимента способствуют формированию системной воспалительной реакции, которая приводит к появлению стойких морфологических нарушений в печени и изменению активности ферментов основных метаболических путей. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке и проведении профилактических мероприятий в условиях воздействия на организм высоких концентраций фтора с последовательным применением детоксикационной, иммуномодуляторной и органопротекторной коррекции. Studying mechanisms, which maintain the body homeostasis, is particularly important in the conditions of continuous impact of adverse environmental and manufacturing factors. Long-term exposure to fluorides leads to chronic fluoric intoxication, the pathogenesis of which is a subject of multiple controversy and discussions. Not enough attention is still paid to elucidating the visceral pathology associated with fluorine-induced immune disorders. There are virtually no studies of immune reactions that define the morphofunctional nature of the liver response to early stages of fluoric intoxication. Aim. To study pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic immune reactivity in subchronic exposure of the body to fluorine compounds. Methods. Experiments were performed on 210 male rats weighing 180-220 g. The animals were divided into two groups: 1) control (n=80) and 2) subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride (n=130). The rats had free access to a 10 mg/l aqueous solution of sodium fluoride (daily dose, 1.2 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn from the caudal vein at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of the experiment for immunological and biochemical tests. Histological study of the liver was performed after decapitation of rats under ether anesthesia. Results. The subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride was associated with intracellular and intravascular damage of the liver. Activation of inflammatory mediators and development of immunological disorders during the experiment contributed to a systemic inflammatory reaction, which resulted in persistent morphological injuries of the liver and changes in enzyme activities in major metabolic pathways. Conclusion. The study results can be used for development and implementation of preventive measures against the effects of high fluorine concentrations, which would include a successive use of detoxification, immunomodulation and organ protection.


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