Design of an X-ray undulator: optimization considerations for SASE operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1177-1181
Author(s):  
Bora Ketenoglu ◽  
Ayhan Aydin ◽  
Omer Yavas
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Short Pulses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Saturation Power ◽  
World Class

Accelerator-based fourth-generation light sources, namely, free-electron lasers (FELs), offer unique radiation characteristics, such as tunable, coherent, high-power, ultra-short pulses. They rely on novel technology with challenging parameters, from which the practicability is currently being proved by world-class facilities like the European XFEL, LCLS, FLASH, and SACLA. When contriving such superior light characteristics, “state-of-the-art” linear accelerator (linac) and undulator technologies come into prominence. In this respect, design and simulation studies for a planar X-ray undulator are considered to optimize the FEL generation process by self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). Three main performance parameters for SASE operation (i.e., 1D gain length, saturation power, and saturation length) are compared and discussed by means of numerical calculations and simulation results. It is shown that hard X-ray FEL pulses (down to sub-angstroms) are generable via in-vacuum hybrid undulators driven by an 8 GeV electron linac.

scholarly journals Plasma-based studies with intense X-ray and particle beam sources

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. LEE ◽  
H.A. BALDIS ◽  
R.C. CAUBLE ◽  
O.L. LANDEN ◽  
J.S. WARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Pulse ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
State Densities ◽  
Nonideal Plasmas

The construction of short pulse (<200 fs) tunable X-ray laser sources based on the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) concept will be a watershed for plasma-based and warm dense matter research. These new fourth generation light sources will have extremely high fields and short wavelengths (∼0.1 nm) with peak spectral brightnesses 1010 greater than third generation sources. Further, the high intensity upgrade of the GSI accelerator facilities will lead to specific energy depositions up to 200 kJ/g and temperatures between 1 and 10 eV at almost solid-state densities, enabling interesting experiments in the regime of nonideal plasmas, such as the evolution of intense ion beams in the interior of a Jovian planet. Below we discuss several applications: the creation of warm dense matter (WDM) research, probing of near solid density plasmas, and laser–plasma spectroscopy of ions in plasmas. The study of dense plasmas has been severely hampered by the fact that laser-based methods have been unavailable and these new fourth generation sources will remove these restrictions.

scholarly journals Soft and Hard X-ray SASE Free Electron Lasers

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 93-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Vast Range

In the last couple of years, free electron lasers (FELs) have been a remarkable success as fourth generation light sources all over the world. Operating in the SASE mode, they produce laser-like radiation in a broad wavelength range. Especially in the soft and hard X-ray ranges, these light sources open unique and completely new fields in physics and allow a vast range of applications in most scientific fields. This article gives an overview of the principles of FELs and the SASE process, discusses technological challenges and solutions, and presents an outlook for future developments.

scholarly journals Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL

IUCrJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Dallari ◽  
Avni Jain ◽  
Marcin Sikorski ◽  
Johannes Möller ◽  
Richard Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Photon Density ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Volume

Many soft-matter systems are composed of macromolecules or nanoparticles suspended in water. The characteristic times at intrinsic length scales of a few nanometres fall therefore in the microsecond and sub-microsecond time regimes. With the development of free-electron lasers (FELs) and fourth-generation synchrotron light-sources, time-resolved experiments in such time and length ranges will become routinely accessible in the near future. In the present work we report our findings on prototypical soft-matter systems, composed of charge-stabilized silica nanoparticles dispersed in water, with radii between 12 and 15 nm and volume fractions between 0.005 and 0.2. The sample dynamics were probed by means of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, employing the megahertz pulse repetition rate of the European XFEL and the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector. We show that it is possible to correctly identify the dynamical properties that determine the diffusion constant, both for stationary samples and for systems driven by XFEL pulses. Remarkably, despite the high photon density the only observable induced effect is the heating of the scattering volume, meaning that all other X-ray induced effects do not influence the structure and the dynamics on the probed timescales. This work also illustrates the potential to control such induced heating and it can be predicted with thermodynamic models.

Few-femtosecond timing at fourth-generation X-ray light sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tavella ◽  
N. Stojanovic ◽  
G. Geloni ◽  
M. Gensch
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Hot electron diagnostics using X-rays and Čerenkov radiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. STEIN ◽  
E. FILL ◽  
D. HABS ◽  
G. PRETZLER ◽  
K. WITTE
Keyword(s):  
Cerenkov Radiation ◽  
Hot Electrons ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fast Ignitor ◽  
Vacuum Gaps

The propagation of laser-generated hot electrons through matter and across narrow vacuum gaps is studied. We use the ATLAS titanium–sapphire laser of Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik to irradiate aluminum and copper foils at intensities of up to 1019W/cm2, generating electrons with temperatures in the megaelectron volt range. After propagating through the target the electrons are detected by means of visible Čerenkov radiation generated in a dielectric or hard X-rays emitted from an X-ray “fluor.” These diagnostics allow the electrons to be characterized with respect to their energy, number, and directionality. We also investigate the propagation of the hot electrons across narrow vacuum gaps, with a width ranging from 500 μm down to 50 μm. The effect of self-generated fields in preventing electrons from crossing the gap is demonstrated. Implications of these experiments with respect to fast ignitor physics, developing optics for fourth-generation light sources and X-ray lasers are indicated.

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