K X-ray fluorescence parameters of peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Cengiz ◽  
Muhammet Dogan ◽  
Zekeriya Biyiklioglu ◽  
Dilek Cakir ◽  
Engin Tirasoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pure Zinc ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanines ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Shell Production

The K shell production cross-sections and Kβ to Kα X-ray intensity ratios of peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanine complexes were determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). The effect of substituent position on these parameters was also investigated. The complexes were excited by 59.5 keV γ-rays from an 241Am annular radioactive source and K X-rays emitted by the complexes were counted by an Ultra-LEGe detector with a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. The experimental results of the zinc phthalocyanines having the same ligand substituted peripheral and non-peripheral were compared with each other, theoretical, and experimental values of pure zinc.

Photon-Induced L-Shell X-Ray Production Cross Sections for Lanthanides at 59.54 keV

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rıdvan Durak ◽  
Ferdi Akman ◽  
Abdulhalik Karabulut
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reflection Geometry ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Annular Source

The Ll, Lα and Lβ X-ray production cross sections for Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Tb elements were determined using a reflection geometry. The excitation was performed with a 241Am radioactive annular source and the L X-rays emitted from targets were counted with a high-resolution Si (Li) detector. The experimental values were compared with other available experimental results and theoretical data. An agreement is observed between the measured and other experimental results or theoretical data.

Measurement of L X-ray production cross sections and relative intensities of some lanthanide compounds depending on the temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Esra Cinan ◽  
Bünyamin Aygün ◽  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
Yüksel Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Full Width Half Maximum ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Annular Source

AbstractL X-ray intensity ratios for CeO2, Sm2(SO4)3, Ho2O3, and Yb2O3 compounds were experimentally investigated. The measurements were gauged following excitation by 59.54 keV γ-rays from a 100 mCi 241Am radioactive annular source at different temperatures in situ. Temperature change occurred between 50 °C and 400 °C. L X-ray emission spectra were obtained by using a solid-state Si(Li) X-ray detector. L X-ray production cross sections, intensity ratios, and full-width half maximum (FWHM) values for the compounds were determined by evaluating the emission spectra varying with the temperature. According to the results obtained, it was observed that Lβ1 X-rays were less influenced in comparison with Lα X-rays while Lα X-rays were also less influenced in comparison with Lβ2 X-rays.

OBSERVATION OF INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ATOMIC BREMSSTRAHLUNG AND NUCLEAR BREMSSTRAHLUNG

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ISHII ◽  
T. SATOH ◽  
S. MATSUYAMA ◽  
H. YAMAZAKI ◽  
Y. TOKAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Aluminum Target ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mev Protons

An aluminum target was bombarded with 1.5 MeV protons and continuous x-rays were measured at the angles of 45°, 90° and 135° with respect to the beam direction. By investigating the shape of the x-ray energy spectrum, it was recognized that, the continuous x-rays below 12 keV are atomic bremsstrahlung (AB) and those of above 12 keV are nuclear bremsstrahlung (NB), and AB and NB are mingled in the energy region of around 12 keV The x-ray energy dependence of angular distributions presented well a change from the process of AB to that of NB in the continuous x-ray spectrum. Interference between AB and NB were discussed on the basis of PWBA theory. Continuous x-ray production cross sections were calculated on the basis of PWBA BEA and a semi-classical theory and compared with the experimental results. The theoretical prediction reproduced well the experimental cross sections over the wide range of 6 orders in magnitude and of 2 keV – 35 keV in the energy except for the energy region mingled with AB and NB. The ratio of the theoretical cross sections to the experimental ones showed an interference effect between AB and NB in their mingled region.

M-SHELL X-RAY TRANSITION RATES FOR HEAVY RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
K. ISHII ◽  
H. ORIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth ◽  
Crystal Spectrometer ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heavy Lanthanides ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements

Partial M-x-ray production cross sections, which have not been well investigated up to the present, were measured in detail for six heavy lanthanides; Dy , Ho , Er , Tm , Yb and Lu . As a result, it is found that intensities of Mα,β lines, which are dominant among all the M-x-rays, and (M1-N2, M1-N3, M2-N4) lines agree well with those predicted by theory. However, clear discrepancy is found for Mζ and Mγ x-rays. Although it was pointed out by a PIXE analysis with a high-resolution crystal spectrometer that special attention must be paid for an analysis of Mζ and Mγ lines, it is found from the present work that it is possible to perform quantitative analysis using Mα,β lines.

CROSS SECTIONS FOR L X-RAY PRODUCTION IN Ba, La AND Ce BY 1 TO 3.5 MeV PROTONS

1990 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KADOM-AL-NEAMI ◽  
A. AL-NEAMI ◽  
M. BORDAS ◽  
J. LARCHER ◽  
C. HEITZ
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections ◽  
Mev Protons

Ba, La and Ce L X-ray production cross sections by 1 to 3.5 MeV protons have been measured for thin and thick targets. The experimental values are compared to those calculated from theoretical L subshell ionization cross sections and to experimental values determined by other authors for elements 50 to 92.

X-Ray Production Cross Sections for Ti, Co, Ge, Rb and Sn by 16 - 44 Mev Oxygen Ion Bombardment

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 445-456
Author(s):  
R. F. Chaturvedi ◽  
J. L. Duggan ◽  
T. J. Gray ◽  
C. C. Sachtleben ◽  
J. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections ◽  
Binary Encounter Approximation ◽  
Shell Ionization

AbstractAbsolute K-shell ionization cross sections were measured for Ti, Co, Ge, Rb, and Sn for incident oxygen ions from 16-44 MeV. The x-rays were measured with a high resolution Si(Li) detector (166 eV at 5.9 keV). All of the data represents cross section measurements for thin targets. The measured cross sections for these elements are compared to the theoretical predictions of the Binary Encounter Approximation (BEA). Kα/Kβratios and energy shifts were also extracted from the data. The experimental data are compared to measured cross sections for other elements to give an overview of the systematics for oxygen ion induced x-ray production cross sections in this energy range. Some comment will also be given in regard to the use of oxygen ions to measure the parameters associated with ion implanted semiconductors.

Angular variations of K and L X-ray fluorescence cross sections for some lanthanides

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Han ◽  
M Şahin ◽  
L Demir
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Emission Angle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isotropic Distribution ◽  
Fluorescence Cross Section ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Photon Source

Kα, Kβ, Lα, and Lβ X-ray fluorescence cross sections for lanthanides in the atomic range 62 ≤ Z ≤ 68 (Sm, Eu, Gd Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) were simultaneously measured by 59.54 keV incident photon energy at five angles ranging from 120° to 160°. The measurements were performed using an Am-241 radioisotope as the photon source and a Si(Li) detector. The Lα X-ray fluorescence cross section (σLα) was found to decrease with increasing emission angle and showed an anisotropic distribution of Lα X-rays. Kα, Kβ, and Lβ X-ray fluorescence cross sections (σKα, σKβ, and σLβ) were observed to be angle-independent and showed an isotropic distribution of Kα, Kβ, and Lβ X-rays. The Kα and Kβ X-rays originate from filling of the K shell (J = 1/2) vacancies, Lβ X-rays from filling of the L1 and L2 (J = 1/2) subshell vacancies, and Lα X-rays from filling of the L3 subshell (J = 3/2) vacancy. The fluorescent X-rays originating from the vacancy states with J = 1/2 are isotropic and unpolarized, but fluorescent X-rays originating from the vacancy states with J > 1/2 are anisotropic and polarized. Thus, the atomic inner shells vacancy states with J > 1/2 are aligned whereas vacancy states with J = 1/2 are not aligned. Lα fluorescence X-rays have an anisotropic distribution, while Kα, Kβ, and Lβ fluorescence X-rays have isotropic distribution. Furthermore, the IKβ/IKα, ILα/IKα}, ILβ/IKα, and ILβ/ILα intensity ratios for the elements under investigation were determined. The experimental cross sections and intensity ratios for Kα, Kβ, Lα, and Lβ fluorescence X-rays were also determined, and these experimental values were compared with our calculated theoretical values.PACS Nos.: 32.30.Rj, 32.80.Cy

CONTINUOUS X-RAY PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION IN THIN POLYMER FILMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
P. BALOURIA ◽  
I. M. GOVIL ◽  
B. P. MOHANTY ◽  
M. L. GARG ◽  
K. ISHII
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Thin Polymer Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Electron Bremsstrahlung ◽  
Thin Polymer

We have calculated the production cross-sections of continuous X-rays for commonly used thin polymer films on the basis of the theories of quasi-free electron bremsstrahlung (QFEB), secondary electron bremsstrahlung (SEB), atomic bremsstrahlung (AB) and nuclear bremsstrahlung (NB). These results are compared with that of experimental one. We found that SEB is the main contributing factor and the contribution of QFEB, AB and NB is negligible. This work would facilitate choice among available polymer materials and lay down well-defined standard data against which new candidates might be judged.

X-RAY PRODUCTION, INNER SHELL IONIZATION AND READING’S THEOREM IN ION · ATOM COLLISIONS

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
KEIZO ISHII
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
Heavy Charged Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inner Shell Ionization ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections ◽  
Shell Ionization

When a solid or gaseous target is bombarded with heavy charged particles, inner shell electrons of target atoms are ionized and characteristic x rays are produced. We can easily observe these x rays with a Si(Li) detector and derive inner-shell ionization cross section from the x-ray production cross sections. In this paper, we make a review of x-ray production, inner shell ionization and Reading’s theorem in light ion·atom collisions. This theorem is one of the most important ones in the ion·atom collision physics and permits precise discussion on comparison between experimental inner-shell ionization cross sections obtained with a Si(Li) detector and the calculations based on usual theories where the incident particle is assumed to interact with only one electron in an atom and the presence of other electrons is ignored.

scholarly journals How do Uncertainties in Atomic Parameters Influence Theoretical Predictions of X-Ray Production Cross Sections By Proton Impact?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
J Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proton Impact ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections ◽  
Atomic Parameters

The emission of characteristic X-rays induced by proton impact is a phenomenon known since the first half of the 20th century. Its more widely known application is the analytical technique Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Several models have been developed to calculate, first, ionization cross sections and then the subsequent X-ray production cross sections. However, to carry out the comparisons of these predictions with experimental data it is necessary to use atomic parameters databases (fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, emission rates) that also have experimental uncertainties. In this work it is demonstrated how these values do not allow to decide which model describes more accurately the cross sections, due to a final “theoretical uncertainty” obtained through the propagation of the original uncertainties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document