FURTHER STUDIES ON LIPOTROPISM IN THE DOMESTIC DUCK (White Pekin)

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-484
Author(s):  
Denyse D. Duchesne ◽  
Richard Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Free Choline ◽  
Fatty Livers ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Glyceride Fraction

On choline-free diets containing 10, 18, and 28% casein, the total liver lipids of ducklings were found to be 34.8, 25.0, and 13.8% respectively. Supplementation of the 10% casein diet with 0.5% methionine increased the liver lipids. The same amino acid has no effect at the intermediate level of casein while it is lipotropic at the 28% casein level. In similar experiments with a purified soybean protein (low in methionine) fed at levels of 12, 21.7, and 27.9%, the liver lipids were 31.8, 26.6, and 27.6% respectively. These values do not differ significantly from each other. Methionine was found to be lipotropic at any of these three levels of soybean protein, and more so as the level of the soybean protein increased in the diet. From these results, it is concluded that the purified soybean protein used is a nonlipotropic protein, while casein is definitely lipotropic in ducklings. The lipotropic activity of methionine is closely related to the quality and quantity of the protein in the diet. On high fat diets containing 22, 32, and 42% fat, choline had no lipotropic effect. The average liver lipids for all groups ranged from 11 to 15%. High fat diets are less inducive of fatty livers than high carbohydrate diets. Ducklings fed a fat-free, choline-free basal diet presented livers with an average total lipids of 18%. Supplementing the basal diet with 1% cholesterol increased the liver lipids to 22%. Inositol is lipotropic either in the presence or absence of cholesterol, but choline was much more effective under similar conditions. The two lipotropic factors have a synergistic action and the reduction of the liver lipids is primarily on the glyceride fraction. Cholesteryl ester was at its lowest value in the group fed the basal diet supplemented with inositol only.

scholarly journals Prebiotics Must Achieve a Threshold of Increase in Gut Probiotic Bacteria to Impart Beneficial Health Effects on the Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1544-1544
Author(s):  
Breann Abernathy ◽  
Tonya Schoenfuss ◽  
Allison Bailey ◽  
Daniel Gallaher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Objectives Prebiotic dietary fibers are dietary fibers that] are highly fermented in the large intestine, produce beneficial changes in the gut microbiome, and impart a health benefit to the host. Using reactive extrusion, we have synthesized a novel dietary fiber that is an oligosaccharide of polymerized lactose, which we term polylactose. Here we report on two studies feeding polylactose to rats to determine its prebiotic potential. Methods In Exp. 1, the polylactose preparation contained 51% dietary fiber, 20% free lactose, 5% glucose, and 24% other materials. Rats were fed high fat diets containing 9% total dietary fiber, including cellulose (control, CE, 9%), polylactose (PL, 6%), polydextrose (PD, 6%), and fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 6%). In Exp. 2, the polylactose preparation contained 75% dietary fiber, 9% lactose, 3% glucose, and 13% other materials. Rats were again fed high fat diets containing 9% total dietary fiber, including CE (9%), polylactose (6% or 3%), PD (6%), and galactooligosaccharide (GOS, 6%). In both experiments, rats were fed for 10 weeks, then cecums (empty), cecal contents, livers, and epididymal fat pads were collected. In addition, body composition was determined by MRI. Results In both experiments, final body weight and daily energy intake did not differ among the groups. In Exp. 1, feeding PL greatly increased cecum weight (an indicator of fermentation), cecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species abundance, increased cecal acetate and propionate, and reduced liver lipids and fat pad weight, compared to the CE group. While PD and FOS increased probiotic species and short chain fatty acids slightly (compared to CE), this was not to the same extent as PL and did not reduce fatty liver and adiposity. In Exp. 2, 6% PL increased cecum weight relative to 3% PF, PD and GOS, all of which were greater than CE. The cecal microbiome was similar among PL (both 3 and 6%), PD, and GOS, all of which differed from CE and were similar to PD and FOS from Exp. 1. Liver lipids, fat pad weight, and body composition did not differ among any of the groups. Conclusions The prebiotic activity of polylactose differed depending on the preparation, for unknown reasons. However, our results suggest there is a threshold of probiotic bacteria abundance that must be attained before beneficial effects are imparted on the host by prebiotics. Funding Sources Midwest Dairy Association.

scholarly journals Phytic Acid Protects from Oxidative Stress Induced by Iron-Overload and High-Fat Diets in ß2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5331
Author(s):  
Sixtus Aguree ◽  
Ling Guo ◽  
Manju B. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nonheme Iron ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of phytic acid (PA) in reducing oxidative stress in an animal model for human hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) fed high-fat diets. Sixty-four ß2 microglobulin knockout (β2m KO) mice were randomly assigned to three treatments by feeding: control (basal), atherogenic (AT), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets. One-half of the mice in each treatment group were fed 2% (wt/wt) PA. The ß2m+/+ mice (wild type (WT)) were fed a basal diet. All seven groups were fed for 10 weeks with a 50-ppm iron-containing diet (AIN-93G). Free iron and lipids were measured in serum samples. Nonheme iron, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase concentrations were measured in the liver tissue. Nonheme iron concentration in ß2m KO mice (on the basal diet) was 20× higher (p < 0.0001) than in the WT mice. Compared to the WT mice, ß2m KO mice had a significantly higher concentration of free iron in the serum (p < 0.0001), six-fold higher hepatic TBARs (p < 0.0001), and 18% lower hepatic SOD level. When PA was added to the β2m KO basal diet, a reduction (26 to 50%) of iron concentration was seen in the liver and heart. The addition of PA also significantly reduced TBARs in all three dietary groups of the iron-overloaded group, but most effectively in the control group. An increase in SOD concentration was seen only in the PUFA group, but serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration was reduced in both dietary fat groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that PA protects against oxidative stress-induced by genetic iron overload alone or when fed high fat.

Fatty Livers Produced in Albino Rats by Excess Niacin in High Fat Diets

1964 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora Long Rikans ◽  
Dorothy Arata ◽  
Dena C. Cederquist
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fatty Livers ◽  
Fat Diets

Fatty Livers Produced in Albino Rats by Excess Niacin in High Fat Diets

1965 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora Long Rikans ◽  
Dorothy Arata ◽  
Dena C. Cederquist
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fatty Livers ◽  
Fat Diets

Effect of exercise on serum and hepatic lipids in rats fed high fat diets

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena A. Lewis ◽  
Irvine H. Page ◽  
Helen B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fatty Livers ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Serum Total Lipid

The effect of exercise on the lipid concentration in serum and tissues was studied in: 1) 4 groups of 100 rats each fed high fat diets containing 22 or 54% saturated coconut oil or unsaturated soya oil; 2) 185 rats fed Hartroft diets; 3) 75 chow-fed controls. Approximately half of each group were exercised 8 hr daily. Exercise was effective in reducing serum total lipid and cholesterol concentrations only in those animals in which the levels were elevated by high fat intake, but did not alter cardiac-renal lipids. When tissue lipid concentrations were normal, as in rats fed chow diets, they were not changed by exercise. Serum total lipid and cholesterol concentrations were high in rats fed 54% coconut oil diets and normal in those fed soya oil diets. Both coconut and soya oil caused fatty livers, coconut oil causing the lipid to be rich in glycerides, soya oil rich in cholesterol. Cardiac and renal lipid concentrations were unaffected by high fat diets. Exercised rats, as opposed to sedentary controls fed a Hartroft diet containing 0.3% cholate for 9 months, had significantly lower serum total lipid and cholesterol concentrations, but tissue lipid and cholesterol concentrations were similar.

scholarly journals The influence of an isocaloric substitution of soya bean oil for carbohydrates and of the nutrient density of the feed on growth and efficiency of energy utilization in broiler chickens.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
A.H.M. Grimbergen ◽  
H.P. Stappers ◽  
J.P. Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Fat Diets

From 5 weeks until 7 weeks old, broiler chickens were given 8 diets (crude protein 15.1 g/40 g) with metabolizable energy 1392, 1333, 1274, 1214, 1374, 1315, 1255 and 1196 kJ/40 g; in the last 4 diets (high-fat diets) 6 g of soya bean oil was used to replace an isoenergetic amount of carbohydrates (15.4 g) per 40 g basal diet. A decrease in the dietary energy from carbohydrates resulted in lower energy retention, mainly as a result of lower fat deposition. Isoenergetic replacement of carbohydrate by the soya bean oil had no effect on body composition but increased rate of gain and energy retention, and thus increased the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy. In another experiment with 5-week-old broilers, the effect of an isoenergetic replacement of carbohydrate by soya bean oil, using 2 different energy:protein ratios, with or without the addition of sand or cellulose as a diluent in the high-fat diets was studied. The replacement of carbohydrate by fat resulted again in improved efficiency of energy utilization. The diluent had no effect on the efficiency of energy utilization in the high-fat diets. Reducing the energy:protein ratio increased rate of gain, but also led to less efficient energy utilization as a result of a lower deposition of carcass fat. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Physiologic Observations on Yellow Obesity in the Mouse

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Carpenter ◽  
Jean Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Obese Mice ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Yellow Male ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Exercise Activity ◽  
Fat Diets

In our colony, yellow obese mice were longer than nonobese littermates and yellow males were heavier than yellow females. Weight gain was greatest on high fat diets. If the yellow mice were given a possibility to exercise (activity cages), they lost weight. Resistance to cold was good. Fasted blood glucose levels were normal, fed levels frequently elevated in males. Yellow male and female mice showed a degree of insulin resistance; yellow males showed a marked hyperglycemic response to growth hormone, ACTH, cortisone, and glucagon. Blood total lipids were elevated in yellow mice, with the females exhibiting hypercholesterolemia. As in other forms of ‘metabolic’ obesity, blood ketones were decreased by an 18 hours fast.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document