NUCLEASES IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID I. RIBONUCLEASE IN NORMAL, NEUROLOGICALLY NORMAL, AND IN PATHOLOGICAL CSF'S

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Neurologically Normal

Ribonuclease (RNA-ase) was investigated in 800 individual CSF samples. The uranylacetate precipitation technique of MacFadyen was used, followed by total acid soluble phosphorus determinations (King) before and after incubation. Normal and neurologically normal CSF's showed low RNA-ase activity. The values ranged under 20% substrate depolymerized in 24 hr. A few exceptions showing high values were encountered: one specimen each of acute nasopharyngitis, 25%; infectious mononucleosis, 28%; and myositis, 30%. The meningitis CSF's showed a wide range of RNA-ase activity, 0-50%. Poliomyelitis specimens exhibited uniformly the highest values, 15-52%. This high RNA-ase activity paralleled chronologically the chromatolysis of the motoneurons and is of special significance. In the syphilis group only the neurosyphilis samples presented moderately high activity, but rarely attained the levels observed in meningitis and in poliomyelitis. In miscellaneous neurological conditions the highest activity was found in a specimen from a case of genuine epilepsy. The findings are discussed in detail.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE NEUROLYTIC PROPERTIES OF THE SPINAL FLUID IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Reducing Substances

The “neurolytic” property of the cerebrospinal fluid of neurologically normal and of various clinical cases was examined with buffered bovine brain-cord emulsion (brei) as substrate. The splitting of the inactivated nerve tissue emulsion was determined by measuring the changes of the acid soluble inorganic phosphorus and of reducing substances, expressed as sugar, before and after incubation. From our results three main groups may be distinguished: specimens of normal or neurologically normal individuals with negative laboratory findings in the cerebrospinal fluid, without neurolytic activity; specimens from patients with inflammatory processes in the central nervous system, with corresponding pathological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid and parallel high neurolytic activity; spinal fluids from degenerative and proliferative processes with moderate changes in the cerebrospinal fluid, exhibiting high neurolytic activity. The significance of neurolysis and the possible source of the enzymes are discussed.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid-beta oligomers in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus are elevated before shunt surgery but decrease afterward

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaito Kawamura ◽  
Masakazu Miyajima ◽  
Madoka Nakajima ◽  
Mitsuyasu Kanai ◽  
Yumiko Motoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Csf Shunting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Aβ Oligomer

Abstract Background The amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomer has strong neurotoxicity and is associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its role in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is poorly understood. We hypothesised that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) stagnation leads to Aβ oligomer accumulation in patients with iNPH. We measured CSF Aβ oligomer levels before and after CSF shunting in patients with iNPH. Methods We evaluated two iNPH cohorts: an analysis cohort (cohort-1) with 52 patients and a validation cohort (cohort-2) with 13 patients. For comparison cohorts, we recruited 27 neurologically normal controls (NCs), 16 patients with AD, 15 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 14 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We measured CSF Aβ oligomer levels and assessed participants’ neurological statuses. We then compared the iNPH cohorts’ pre-shunting measurements with the comparison groups’ measurements and compared cohort-1’s measurements recorded before and after CSF shunting. Results iNPH cohort-1 had higher CSF Aβ oligomer levels than the NC, PD, and PSP cohorts. This result was validated with data from iNPH cohort-2. CSF Aβ oligomer levels differentiated iNPH cohort-1 from the PD and PSP groups, with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. Aβ oligomer levels in iNPH cohort-1 decreased after CSF shunting. However, there was no correlation between Aβ oligomer levels and cognitive functions in iNPH cohort-1. Conclusion The Aβ oligomer accumulates in patients with iNPH patients but can be eliminated with CSF shunting, suggesting that CSF stagnation causes Aβ oligomer accumulation in iNPH.

Perioperative Skin Conditioning for Patients With Skin of Color

2021 ◽  
pp. 074880682198989
Author(s):  
Alix Ferdinand ◽  
Suzan Obagi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Postoperative Phase ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After

The interest in cosmetic procedures for patients with skin of color is on an upward trend. Globally, dyschromia and hyperpigmentation remain the most common disorders for which patients seek treatment. The goals of a perioperative skin conditioning program include allowing a broad range of patients to be treated regardless of skin phototypes, maximizing results, and reducing risk of complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and managing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation if it occurs. The purpose of this article is to highlight common pigmentation concerns among patients with skin of color, the topical agents used to combat these concerns, and a practical approach to creating an effective yet straightforward topical skin care regimen that can be used across a wide range of patient skin phototypes. Before and after photos of patients with a variety of pigmentation concerns are presented along with a description of the treatment regimen used to improve their conditions and to get their skin to a safer state prior to performing any office-based procedures. By understanding the main concerns of patients with skin of color, one can use a simple and effective skincare regimen to allow these patients to be more safely treated. An effective skincare regimen both prepares the skin prior to procedures and postoperatively to help minimize dyschromias in the postoperative phase.

scholarly journals Changes in Cellular Regulatory Factors before and after Decompression of Odontogenic Keratocysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Slmaro Park ◽  
Han-Sung Jung ◽  
Young-Soo Jung ◽  
Woong Nam ◽  
Jung Yul Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Epithelial Cyst ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Odontogenic Keratocysts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cyst Lining

Decompression followed by enucleation, which is one of the treatments used for odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), is frequently used in OKC lesions of large sizes. This method offers the advantage of minimizing the possibility of sensory impairment without creating a wide-range bone defect; moreover, the recurrence rate can be significantly lower than following simple enucleation. This study aimed to assess the changes in histology and expression of proliferation markers in OKCs before and after decompression treatment. A total of 38 OKC tissue samples from 19 patients who had undergone decompression therapy were examined morphologically and immunohistochemically to observe changes in proliferative activity before and after decompression. The markers used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were Bcl-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki-67, P53, PCNA, and SMO. The immunohistochemistry positivity of the 6 markers was scored by using software ImageJ, version 1.49, by quantifying the intensity and internal density of IHC-stained epithelium. The values of Bcl-2, Ki-67, P53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and SMO in OKCs before and after decompression showed no significant change. No correlation between clinical shrinkage and morphologic changes or expression of proliferation and growth markers could be found. There was no statistical evidence that decompression treatment reduces potentially aggressive behavior of OKC within the epithelial cyst lining itself. This might indicate that decompression does not change the biological behavior of the epithelial cyst lining or the recurrence rate.

Simulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110035
Author(s):  
Muhamed A. Masalha ◽  
Kyle K. VanKoevering ◽  
Omar S. Latif ◽  
Allison R. Powell ◽  
Ashley Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
3D Printed

Background Acquiring proficiency for the repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is challenging in great part due to its relative rarity, which offers a finite number of training opportunities. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluates the use of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed, anatomically accurate model to simulate CSF leak closure. Methods Volunteer participants completed two simulation sessions. Questionnaires to assess their professional qualifications and a standardized 5-point Likert scale to estimate the level of confidence, were completed before and after each session. Participants were also queried on the overall educational utility of the simulation. Results Thirteen otolaryngologists and 11 neurosurgeons, met the inclusion criteria. A successful repair of the CSF leak was achieved by 20/24 (83.33%), and 24/24 (100%) during the first and second simulation sessions respectively (average time 04:04 ± 1.39 and 02:10 ± 01:11). Time-to-close-the-CSF-leak during the second session was significantly shorter than the first (p < 0.001). Confidence scores increased across the training sessions (3.3 ± 1.0, before the simulation, 3.7 ± 0.6 after the first simulation, and 4.2 ± 0.4 after the second simulation; p < 0.001). All participants reported an increase in confidence and believed that the model represented a valuable training tool. Conclusions Despite significant differences with varying clinical scenarios, 3D printed models for cerebrospinal leak repair offer a feasible simulation for the training of residents and novice surgeons outside the constrictions of a clinical environment.

Age-Dependency of Total Tau in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Corrected by Amyloid-β 1–40: A Correlational Study in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paul Theo Zebhauser ◽  
Achim Berthele ◽  
Marie-Sophie Franz ◽  
Oliver Goldhardt ◽  
Janine Diehl-Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Total Tau ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Tau proteins are established biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Although measurement of total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is widely used in research and clinical settings, the relationship between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is yet to be fully understood. While past studies reported a correlation between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy adults, in clinical practice the same cut-off value is used independently of patient’s age. Objective: To further explore the relationship between age and total-Tau and to disentangle neurodegenerative from drainage-dependent effects. Methods: We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of 76 carefully selected cognitively healthy adults and included amyloid-β 1–40 as a potential marker of drainage from the brain’s interstitial system. Results: We found a significant correlation of total-Tau and age, which was no longer present when correcting total-Tau for amyloid-β 1–40 concentrations. These findings were replicated under varied inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1–40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.

Creatine kinase isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid in a case of brain damage.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Bayer ◽  
F Gabl ◽  
G Granditsch ◽  
K Widhalm ◽  
H Zyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes

Abstract We present a case of a 11/2-year-old boy with toxic enteritis, consecutive consumption coagulopathy, and sever brain damage. During the acute phase we found high activity of the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in cerebrospinal fluid, but not in the serum. Isoenzyme MM could also be found in the spinal fluid (37.9% of the total activity). We conclude that analysis for creatine kinase isoenzymes in spinal fluid is of clinical importance.

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