FURTHER STUDIES ON THE NEUROLYTIC PROPERTIES OF THE SPINAL FLUID IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Reducing Substances

The “neurolytic” property of the cerebrospinal fluid of neurologically normal and of various clinical cases was examined with buffered bovine brain-cord emulsion (brei) as substrate. The splitting of the inactivated nerve tissue emulsion was determined by measuring the changes of the acid soluble inorganic phosphorus and of reducing substances, expressed as sugar, before and after incubation. From our results three main groups may be distinguished: specimens of normal or neurologically normal individuals with negative laboratory findings in the cerebrospinal fluid, without neurolytic activity; specimens from patients with inflammatory processes in the central nervous system, with corresponding pathological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid and parallel high neurolytic activity; spinal fluids from degenerative and proliferative processes with moderate changes in the cerebrospinal fluid, exhibiting high neurolytic activity. The significance of neurolysis and the possible source of the enzymes are discussed.

NUCLEASES IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID I. RIBONUCLEASE IN NORMAL, NEUROLOGICALLY NORMAL, AND IN PATHOLOGICAL CSF'S

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Neurologically Normal

Ribonuclease (RNA-ase) was investigated in 800 individual CSF samples. The uranylacetate precipitation technique of MacFadyen was used, followed by total acid soluble phosphorus determinations (King) before and after incubation. Normal and neurologically normal CSF's showed low RNA-ase activity. The values ranged under 20% substrate depolymerized in 24 hr. A few exceptions showing high values were encountered: one specimen each of acute nasopharyngitis, 25%; infectious mononucleosis, 28%; and myositis, 30%. The meningitis CSF's showed a wide range of RNA-ase activity, 0-50%. Poliomyelitis specimens exhibited uniformly the highest values, 15-52%. This high RNA-ase activity paralleled chronologically the chromatolysis of the motoneurons and is of special significance. In the syphilis group only the neurosyphilis samples presented moderately high activity, but rarely attained the levels observed in meningitis and in poliomyelitis. In miscellaneous neurological conditions the highest activity was found in a specimen from a case of genuine epilepsy. The findings are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid-beta oligomers in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus are elevated before shunt surgery but decrease afterward

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaito Kawamura ◽  
Masakazu Miyajima ◽  
Madoka Nakajima ◽  
Mitsuyasu Kanai ◽  
Yumiko Motoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Csf Shunting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Aβ Oligomer

Abstract Background The amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomer has strong neurotoxicity and is associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its role in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is poorly understood. We hypothesised that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) stagnation leads to Aβ oligomer accumulation in patients with iNPH. We measured CSF Aβ oligomer levels before and after CSF shunting in patients with iNPH. Methods We evaluated two iNPH cohorts: an analysis cohort (cohort-1) with 52 patients and a validation cohort (cohort-2) with 13 patients. For comparison cohorts, we recruited 27 neurologically normal controls (NCs), 16 patients with AD, 15 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 14 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We measured CSF Aβ oligomer levels and assessed participants’ neurological statuses. We then compared the iNPH cohorts’ pre-shunting measurements with the comparison groups’ measurements and compared cohort-1’s measurements recorded before and after CSF shunting. Results iNPH cohort-1 had higher CSF Aβ oligomer levels than the NC, PD, and PSP cohorts. This result was validated with data from iNPH cohort-2. CSF Aβ oligomer levels differentiated iNPH cohort-1 from the PD and PSP groups, with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. Aβ oligomer levels in iNPH cohort-1 decreased after CSF shunting. However, there was no correlation between Aβ oligomer levels and cognitive functions in iNPH cohort-1. Conclusion The Aβ oligomer accumulates in patients with iNPH patients but can be eliminated with CSF shunting, suggesting that CSF stagnation causes Aβ oligomer accumulation in iNPH.

AUTOLYSIS IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Great Increase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Convulsive Disorders ◽  
Neurologically Normal

Variations in acid soluble inorganic phosphorus concentration of some 850 specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assayed before and after incubation, under sterile and standardized conditions. These phosphorus changes are the consequences of interaction of enzymes and phosphorus-containing organic material present in the CSF. Characteristic patterns were noted in the different etiological groups. Normal CSF exhibited no phosphorus changes after incubation, nor did specimens from neurologically normal persons; exceptions were rare. On the other hand in the CSF of acute bacterial meningitides a great increase of phosphorus was usually evident. No changes were observed in a large number of poliomyelitis specimens. This similarity to normal may be due to quite dissimilar causes. In the syphilis group, a great increase of phosphorus was found in active neurosyphilis. In convulsive disorders, idiopathic epilepsy manifested the highest increase. CSF's of post-traumatic syndrome patients showed uniformly high phosphate release. Brain tumor specimens manifested moderate changes.

Simulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110035
Author(s):  
Muhamed A. Masalha ◽  
Kyle K. VanKoevering ◽  
Omar S. Latif ◽  
Allison R. Powell ◽  
Ashley Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
3D Printed

Background Acquiring proficiency for the repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is challenging in great part due to its relative rarity, which offers a finite number of training opportunities. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluates the use of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed, anatomically accurate model to simulate CSF leak closure. Methods Volunteer participants completed two simulation sessions. Questionnaires to assess their professional qualifications and a standardized 5-point Likert scale to estimate the level of confidence, were completed before and after each session. Participants were also queried on the overall educational utility of the simulation. Results Thirteen otolaryngologists and 11 neurosurgeons, met the inclusion criteria. A successful repair of the CSF leak was achieved by 20/24 (83.33%), and 24/24 (100%) during the first and second simulation sessions respectively (average time 04:04 ± 1.39 and 02:10 ± 01:11). Time-to-close-the-CSF-leak during the second session was significantly shorter than the first (p < 0.001). Confidence scores increased across the training sessions (3.3 ± 1.0, before the simulation, 3.7 ± 0.6 after the first simulation, and 4.2 ± 0.4 after the second simulation; p < 0.001). All participants reported an increase in confidence and believed that the model represented a valuable training tool. Conclusions Despite significant differences with varying clinical scenarios, 3D printed models for cerebrospinal leak repair offer a feasible simulation for the training of residents and novice surgeons outside the constrictions of a clinical environment.

Distribution of substance P in the spinal cord of patients with syringomyelia

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Milhorat ◽  
Harrison T. M. Mu ◽  
Carole C. LaMotte ◽  
Ade T. Milhorat
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Intermediolateral Nucleus

✓ The distribution of substance P, a putative neurotransmitter and pain-related peptide, was studied using the peroxidase—antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method in the spinal cords obtained from autopsy of 10 patients with syringomyelia and 10 age- and sex-matched, neurologically normal individuals. Substance P immunoreactivity was present in axons and in terminal-like processes in close apposition to neurons in the first, second, and third laminae of the dorsal horn. Smaller amounts of peroxidase-positive staining were found in the fifth lamina of the dorsal horn, the intermediolateral nucleus, the intermediomedial nucleus, and the ventral horn. In nine of 10 patients with syringomyelia, there was a substantial increase in substance P immunoreactivity in the first, second, third, and fifth laminae below the level of the lesion. A marked reduction or absence of staining was present in segments of the spinal cord occupied by the syrinx. Central cavities produced bilateral abnormalities, whereas eccentric cavities produced changes that were ipsilateral to the lesion. No alterations in staining were found in the spinal cord of an asymptomatic patient with a small central syrinx. The authors conclude that syringomyelia can be associated with abnormalities in spinal cord levels of substance P, which may affect the modulation and perception of pain.

Evaluation of endorphin content in the CSF of patients with trigeminal neuralgia before and after Gasserian ganglion thermocoagulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Salar ◽  
Salvatore Mingrino ◽  
Marco Trabucchi ◽  
Angelo Bosio ◽  
Carlo Semenza
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gasserian Ganglion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The β-endorphin content in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in 10 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia during medical treatment (with or without carbamazepine) and after selective thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. These values were compared with those obtained in a control group of seven patients without pain problems. No statistically significant difference was found between patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia and those without pain. Furthermore, neither pharmacological treatment nor surgery changed CSF endorphin values. It is concluded that there is no pathogenetic relationship between trigeminal neuralgia and endorphins.

scholarly journals Standardization of dot-ELISA for the serological diagnosis of toxocariasis and comparision of the assay with ELISA

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eide Dias Camargo ◽  
Paulo Mutuko Nakamura ◽  
Adelaide José Vaz ◽  
Marcos Vinícius da Silva ◽  
Pedro Paulo Chieffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dot Elisa ◽  
Stability Time

The dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was standardized using somatic (S) and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Toxocara-canis for the detection of specific antibodies in 22 serum samples from children aged 1 to 15 years, with clinical signs of toxocariasis. Fourteen serum samples from apparently normal individuals and 28 sera from patients with other pathologies were used as controls. All samples were used before and after absorption with Ascaris suum extract. When the results were evaluated in comparison with ELISA, the two tests were found to have similar sensitivity, but dot-ELISA was found to be more specific in the presence of the two antigens studied. Dot-ELISA proved to be effective for the diagnosis of human toxocariasis, presenting advantages in terms of yield, stability, time and ease of execution and low cost.

Changes on recovery in the concentrations of tryptophan and the biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with affective illness

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Ashcroft ◽  
Ivy M. Blackburn ◽  
D. Eccleston ◽  
A. I. M. Glen ◽  
W. Hartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Manic Patients

SYNOPSISThe concentration of the acid metabolites of dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) respectively, were estimated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from either unipolar or bipolar affective illness, both before and after recovery. Significantly low concentrations of HVA and 5-HIAA (P<0·01 and 0·05 respectively) were found in the unipolar depressed group and these did not return to normal on recovery. Depressed bipolar patients had levels within normal limits. In bipolar manic patients the HVA concentration fell on recovery to a level significantly lower (P<0·05) than controls. There was no difference in the levels of tryptophan in the CSF of any of the groups of patients nor was there any alteration on recovery. There was a high correlation between 5-HIAA and HVA in the same CSF. These findings are against the amine hypothesis which postulated in depression a lowered concentration of transmitter amine at synaptic junction.

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