A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE RATES OF GASTRIC SECRETION AND EMPTYING

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
J. A. Hildes ◽  
D. L. Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Dilution Indicator ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stomach Volume

The dilution indicator, phenol red, was used to measure rates of gastric secretion and emptying. A test meal containing 2.5 mgm. phenol red was introduced into the stomach through a tube, the stomach contents mixed, and a sample aspirated. The volume of stomach contents was calculated from the immediate dilution of the phenol red. At the end of a 20 min. test period the stomach volume was again estimated by sampling before and after the addition of 1.0 mgm. phenol red. From the known volume of gastric contents and the known concentration of phenol red the rates of gastric secretion and emptying were calculated from the equations (1) [Formula: see text], (2) [Formula: see text]. Q0 and Q are the quantities of dye at the beginning and end of a test period of t minutes' duration; V0 and V are volumes of stomach contents at these times and A and B are the rates of secretion and emptying respectively. The results of 10 experiments are presented.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary fibre isolates on gastric secretion, acidity and emptying

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Variable Effect

1. In six volunteers, the effect of intragastric administration of different water-soluble chemical isolates of dietary fibre on gastric secretion, acidity and emptying was studied.2. At 30 min after administration of the test meals, the stomach contents were completely aspirated and the volume, pH, phenol red concentration, total titratable acidity and different electrolytes were measured.3. Compared with the control meal, the pH and unionized (combined) hydrogen concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) following most of the fibre-containing meals, while the total titratable acid concentration was not significantly different. None of the fibre-containing meals appreciably altered the volume or type of gastric secretion but had a low-grade variable effect on gastric emptying.4. It is concluded that most dietary fibre isolates, although having a definite and notable buffering effect on the acid in the stomach, have a minimal effect on gastric secretion and a variable and small effect on gastric emptying.

Estimation of gastric hydrochloric acid secretion in rats by a test meal technique

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. M. Thornton ◽  
James A. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Hcl Secretion ◽  
Rubber Catheter

A test meal containing phenol red and hypertonic sucrose was instilled intragastrically into rats through a rubber catheter. The phenol red was used to calculate the volume of gastric contents and the amount of HCl lost from the stomach and, therefore, the quantity of HCl secreted. The stimulating effect of subcutaneous histamine on gastric HCl secretion was studied. Maximum stimulation occurred with doses of more than 2 mg of histamine phosphate. The duration of the response was 45 minutes. Doses of up to 8 mg of histamine phosphate did not produce toxic effects. A 45-minute test meal, in conjunction with a maximum stimulating dose of histamine, was used to demonstrate inhibition of acid secretion and gastric motility following topical application of p-chloromercuribenzoate to the gastric mucosa.

GLP-1, insulin and glucose levels during mixed test meal before and after gastric bypass surgery in obese patients

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Micic ◽  
Snezana Polovina ◽  
Danka Jeremic ◽  
Dusan Micic ◽  
Mirjana Sumarac-Dumanovic
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After

Adaptation to high-fat diet accelerates emptying of fat but not carbohydrate test meals in humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. R366-R371 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Castiglione ◽  
N. W. Read ◽  
S. J. French
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Before And After

Previous work has shown that the gastric emptying rate in animals and humans can adapt due to previous dietary intake. The present study investigated whether adaptation in gastric emptying rate due to consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is nutrient specific in humans. Gastric emptying of high-fat and high-carbohydrate test meals was measured (using gamma scintigraphy) before and after consumption of an HFD for 14 days in eight free-living male volunteers. Visual analog ratings of appetite were recorded throughout each test. There was no effect of HFD on any parameters of gastric emptying rate (lag phase, half-emptying time, and linear emptying rate) measured for carbohydrate test meals. HFD led to an acceleration of the linear emptying rate of the high-fat test meal (0.36 vs. 0.47%/min; P < 0.05). All meals reduced appetite ratings, but there were no differences between tests. These results support our previous findings of accelerated gastric emptying of high-fat test meals following an HFD and show that these changes appear to be nutrient specific, confirming recent studies in rats.

Insulin, glucose, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to a test meal in restricting type anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. E1441-E1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly P. Kinzig ◽  
Janelle W. Coughlin ◽  
Graham W. Redgrave ◽  
Timothy H. Moran ◽  
Angela S. Guarda
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
Relapse Rates

Prolonged malnutrition in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with alterations in endocrine function that may play a sustaining role in the disorder. We hypothesized that abnormalities in endocrine responses to ingestion of a meal in AN are reversible and depend on weight restoration. We measured meal-induced endocrine responses in AN subjects at three time points during hospitalization: before refeeding ( n = 13, mean BMI 16.7 kg/m2), after 2 wk of refeeding (mean BMI 18.0 kg/m2), and in the weight-restored state (mean BMI 20.3 kg/m2). Control subjects ( n = 13, BMI 19–24.9 kg/m2) were tested once. Tests were 2.5-h sessions in which blood was drawn every 15 min before, during, and after a ∼650-kcal test breakfast. Relative to controls, peak levels of glucose were depressed and peak levels of insulin in response to ingestion of the test meal were delayed, with response patterns in the third trial most similar to controls. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels were increased in AN relative to controls regardless of weight status. The delay in insulin release and elevated PP levels did not correct with short-term refeeding and may contribute to the high relapse rates and maintenance of AN.

scholarly journals Effect of baclofen on liquid and solid gastric emptying in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgard Ferro Collares ◽  
Adriana Mendes Vinagre
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Gastric Retention ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Sterile Saline

CONTEXT: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter. There is evidence that GABA B receptors located in the dorsal complex and in afferent fibers of the vagus nerve participate in the control of gastrointestinal motility. OBJECTIVE: To assess the intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and intravenously (IV) effect of baclofen, a GABA B receptor agonist, on liquid and solid gastric emptying in rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n = 6-8 animals) were used. Gastric emptying of liquid test meals labeled with phenol red was evaluated by the determination of percent gastric retention (%GR) 10 and 15 min after orogastric administration of saline and 10% glucose meals, respectively. Baclofen was injected ICV (1 and 2 µg/animal) through a tube implanted into the lateral ventricle of the brain and was injected IV (1 and 2 mg/kg) into a tail vein. The gastric emptying of liquid was determined 10 or 30 min after ICV and IV baclofen administration, respectively. The gastric emptying of the solid meal was assessed by the determination of percent gastric retention 2 h after the beginning of the ingestion of the habitual ratio by the animal, consumed over a period of 30 min. Baclofen was administered ICV (1 and 2 µg/animal) or IV (1 and 2 mg/kg) immediately after the end of the ingestion of the solid meal. The control groups received vehicle (sterile saline solution) ICV or IV. RESULTS: The group of animals receiving baclofen ICV (2 mg/animal) presented a significantly lower (P<0.05, Tukey test) %GR (mean ± SEM) of the saline (18.1 ± 2.5%) compared to control (33.2 ± 2.2%). In the group receiving the drug IV, the gastric retention of the same test meal did not differ from control. ICV and IV administration of baclofen had no effect on the gastric emptying of the 10% glucose solution compared to control. ICV administration of 1 or 2 mg baclofen/animal significantly increased the gastric retention of the solid test meal (57.9 ± 6.5% and 66.6 ± 6.3%, respectively) compared to control (35.1 ± 4.4%). The same phenomenon was observed only with the IV dose of 2 mg/kg (71.9 ± 2.6%) compared to control (52.7 ± 2.8%). CONCLUSION: Baclofen administered: 1. ICV (2 µg/animal), but not IV, increased gastric emptying of a non-caloric isotonic liquid test meal (saline); 2. when administered ICV or IV, it had no effect of gastric emptying of a 10% glucose solution; 3) when administered ICV (1 and 2 mg/animal) and IV (2 mg/kg) it delayed the gastric emptying of the solid meal.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Measurement of Gastric Emptying of a Soup Test Meal Using MRI and Gamma Scintigraphy

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asseel Khalaf ◽  
Caroline L. Hoad ◽  
Elaine Blackshaw ◽  
Jaber Alyami ◽  
Robin C. Spiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Gamma Scintigraphy ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual

Measurement of gastric emptying is of clinical value for a range of conditions. Gamma scintigraphy (GS) has an established role, but the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently increased. Previous comparison studies between MRI and GS showed good correlation, but were performed on separate study days. In this study, the modalities were alternated rapidly allowing direct comparison with no intra-individual variability confounds. Twelve healthy participants consumed 400 g of Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labelled soup test meal (204 kcal) and were imaged at intervals for 150 min, alternating between MRI and GS. The time to empty half of the stomach contents (T1/2) and retention rate (RR) were calculated and data correlated. The average T1/2 was similar for MRI (44 ± 6 min) and GS (35 ± 4 min) with a moderate but significant difference between the two modalities (p < 0.004). The individual T1/2 values were measured, and MRI and GS showed a good positive correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001), as well as all the RRs at each time point up to 120 min. Gastric emptying was measured for the first time by MRI and GS on the same day. This may help with translating the use of this simple meal, known to elicit reliable, physiological, and pathological gastrointestinal motor, peptide, and appetite responses.

Determination of Phenol Red in Gastric Contents.

1937 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hollander ◽  
A. Penner ◽  
M. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Red ◽  
Gastric Contents

scholarly journals Use of an inert marker (phenol red) to improve accuracy in gastric secretion studies

Gut ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hobsley ◽  
W. Silen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Improve Accuracy

Gastric emptying and secretion in the rhesus monkey.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. E186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dubois ◽  
B H Natelson ◽  
P van Eerdewegh ◽  
J D Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Constant Coefficient ◽  
Order Process ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Water Secretion

The volume and composition of the gastric contents as well as the rates of gastric emptying and secretion were determined simultaneously in conscious chair-adapted monkeys. These determinations were made during fasting and after a liquid meal, thereby allowing studies of the physiologic variables which regulate gastric emptying and gastric secretion. Administration of a water meal is followed by a complex pattern of changes in rates of secretion as well as the fractional rate of emptying. During administration of a 100-ml water meal (pH 7.4), intragastric volume increased while acid concentration decreased; both then returned to fasting values 50 min later. The fractional rate of emptying increased fivefold during administration of the water meal, returned to basal values after 30 min, and then increased again, indicating that gastric emptying cannot be characterized as a simple first-order process with a constant coefficient. The pattern of the change in the rate of water secretion was similar to that for fractional gastric emptying. In contrast, after the meal, gastric acid secretion increased steadily and did not become maximal until 20 min.

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