scholarly journals Trinexapac-ethyl causes stimulatory effect on eucalyptus initial growth under nutritional deficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Lopes Bacha ◽  
Pedro de Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa Martins ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Positive Effect

Eucalyptus plants are sensitive to abiotic stresses in their initial growth, and nutritional deficiency is one of the most recurrent among them. Trinexapac-ethyl, which is a plant growth regulator, can positively affect eucalyptus, a response known as hormesis, possibly providing plants with greater tolerance to stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl at two application times, before planting (BP) or after planting (AP), in Eucalyptus urophylla under conditions of nutritional deficiency (NPK). Two experiments (one for each application time) were conducted simultaneously during 81 days after planting of eucalyptus in 15 L pots. The treatments consisted of three doses of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 30, and 60 g a.i.·ha−1) and four variations of nutrient supply: complete solution (NPK) and solutions without nitrogen (−N), without phosphorus (−P), and without potassium (−K). The variables of gas exchange, growth, and dry matter were evaluated. For both application times, trinexapac-ethyl had a positive effect on the root–shoot ratio of plants grown in −N and also positively affected some eucalyptus photosynthetic characteristics. In the AP application, the compound provided gains in height and dry matter, regardless of the nutrient supply. Under phosphorus deficiency, trinexapac-ethyl provided gains in total dry matter (BP) and leaf area (AP).

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency symptoms of young ‘cedro doce’ plants grown under macronutrient omission

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Simone T. M. de Aquino ◽  
Reila F. dos Santos ◽  
Karine D. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Index Ratio

ABSTRACT ‘Cedro doce’ [Pochota fendleri (Seem) Alverson & Duarte] is a native forest species in Amazon with great ecological and economic importance. Understanding nutritional requirements of the species allows cultivating Pochota fendleri with more efficient fertilization practices since its initial growth, as a seedling. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the symptoms of nutritional deficiency of young ‘cedro doce’ plants. The experiment was carried out from September to December 2016, under greenhouse conditions, at Embrapa Roraima, in Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with seven treatments [complete solution and individual omission of the macronutrients (N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S)] and three replications. Each experimental plot corresponded to a pot with one plant, corresponding to 21 plots. At 77 days after transplanting the seedlings to the pots, the plants were evaluated for symptoms of nutritional deficiency: total height, collar diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a/b index ratio, shoot and root dry mass, and root/shoot ratio. The macronutrients omission caused nutritional deficiency symptoms in all ‘cedro doce’ plants. In general, P and N omission caused the least development of plants. This result is an indicative that ‘cedro doce’ is a high demanding species for both nutrients, especially phosphorus.

scholarly journals Initial development and gas exchange of Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. under different shading conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Hilton Morbeck de Oliveira ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Sara Dousseau ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Ecophysiological studies under semi-controlled conditions in nurseries and greenhouses are essential to enable the use of native species to recover degraded areas and for commercial planting. Talisia subalbens (Mart) Radlk, 'cascudo', is a native fruiting species of the Cerrado on the verge of extinction. The ecophysiological performance of this species was evaluated in nursery conditions under different levels of shading (full sunshine, 30%, 50% and 70%). Initial growth, biomass allocation, gas exchange and chlorophyll content of the plants were analyzed. Full sunshine cultivated plants showed a higher accumulation of total, shoot, and root dry biomass. There was no significant difference in the root/shoot ratio among the treatments. Seedlings cultivated under full sunshine and 30% shading showed higher values for height, basal diameter, and leaf area. Differences in stomata conductance and photosynthesis rate were not observed among the different shading levels. Plants cultivated under 70% of shading had higher contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total. During the initial phase with higher levels of radiation were fundamental for the development of T. subalbens seedlings.

scholarly journals Variation in Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Wild Elymus nutans Ecotypes from Different Altitudes in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Qi ◽  
Wenhui Liu ◽  
Ting Jiao ◽  
Ann Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Carbon ◽  
Northeastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Elymus Nutans ◽  
Different Altitudes

The availability of suitable native plant species for local animal husbandry development and ecological restoration is limited on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, comparisons of the ecological adaptability of native species to alternative habitats and their introduction into new habitats are of high importance. This study is aimed at identifying the alteration in morphological and physiological characteristics by measuring photosynthetic physiology, nutrient content, and growth associated with adaptation of plants to conditions at different altitudes 2450, 2950, 3100, and 3300 m above sea level (a. s. l.) on the plateau. Seeds of the dominant grass, Elymus nutans, were collected from locations at these altitudes and grown at a test location of 2950 m a. s. l. Results indicated that altitude had no significant effect on plant height and root depth. However, the leaf area and total root surface area of plants derived from 2950 and 3300 m a. s. l. showed a parabolic response, being greater than those of plants derived from the lowest (2450 m) and highest (3300 m a. s. l.). Total (root plus shoot) dry matter reduced progressively from 2450 to 3300 m a. s. l, while root : shoot ratio increased progressively with altitude. Seed yield of plants originating from the test altitude (2950 m a. s. l) was significantly higher than at any other altitude, being 20% lower at 2450 m, and 38% and 58% less in populations originating from the higher altitudes (3100 and 3300 m a. s. l.). There was also a parabolic decline in response of Elymus nutans germplasm from 3100, 3300, and 2450 m, compared with plants from 2950 m a. s. l., to photosynthetic rate, total N, soluble sugar, and starch contents. Germplasm from 2450 m a. s. l. had significantly lower shoot and higher root carbon content, lower shoot nitrogen, and lower root carbon-to-nitrogen ratio compared with plants derived from the other three altitudes. It is suggested that the stable, genetically determined morphological and physiological features of ecotypes showed parabolic responses which means these ecotypes have become adapted to local habitats, whereas parameters such as dry matter, total root : shoot ratio, photosynthetic rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration of plants reflected phenotypic linear response to current abiotic conditions. It is postulated that introduced ecotypes from 2450, 3100, and 3300 m could adapt to the environment at 2950 m a. s. l. gradually. We conclude that the increased thermal regime experienced by plants introduced from high altitude to low altitude may facilitate the increased growth of Elymus nutans subtypes. It is important to preserve local strains of native species, or ecotypes, for reintroduction into degraded environments and to maintain the greatest ecosystem stability in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Utilização de macrófitas aquáticas em substrato para a produção de mudas de moringa

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (85) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walda Monteiro Farias ◽  
Leonaldo Alves de Andrade ◽  
Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque ◽  
João Rodrigues da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

A utilização de macrófitas aquáticas na composição de substratos para produção de mudas de moringa constitui uma alternativa sustentável. Portanto, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de moringa, utilizando subtratos com macrófitas aquáticas, e determinar os teores de N, P e K nas mudas. Utilizaram-se diferentes combinações de macrófitas (M), esterco bovino (E) e terra vegetal (TV) para compor os subtratos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: alturas das plantas, diâmetro da copa e caule, taxa relativa de crescimento em altura, em diâmetro da copa e do caule, matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes, comprimento de raízes e razão raízes/parte aérea, além dos teores de N, P e K das mudas. As mudas de moringa apresentam crescimento reduzido quando produzidas em substratos constituídos unicamente com taboa. Alface d’água e os substratos compostos por 60% M + 30% E + 10% TV e 70% M + 30% E, proporcionaram melhor nutrição e crescimento das mudas de moringa. O substrato 60M+30E+10TV composto pelo aguapé e taboa promoveram maior aporte de P para as mudas de moringa.Use of aquatic macrophytes in substrate composition to produce moringa The use of aquatic macrophytes in substrate composition to produce seedlings of moringa is a sustainable alternative. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the development of moringa seedlings using substrates composed with aquatic macrophytes, and to determine concentrations of N, P and K in the seedlings. We used different combinations of weeds (M), manure (E) and topsoil (TV) to compose the substrates. The experiment was conducted in a 3 × 4 factorial in randomized arrangement with four replications. We evaluated plant height, crown diameter and stem, relative growth rate in height, canopy diameter and in stem, dry matter of aerial part and of roots, root length and root/shoot ratio, besides the content of N, P and K in seedlings. Moringa seedlings showed reduced growth when produced in substrates composed only with cattail. Water lettuce and substrates composed of 60% M + 30%E + 10 % TV and 70% M + 30% E, promoted greater nutrition and growth of moringa seedlings. The substrate 60M +30E +10TV composed by water hyacinth and cattail resulted in greater amount of P in moringa seedlings.Index terms: Organic compound;Typha domingensis;Moringa oleifera

scholarly journals Performance of physiological basis of rice hybrids under system of rice cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-361
Author(s):  
Pushpraj Singh ◽  
IM Khan ◽  
Smita Singh ◽  
RK Tiwari ◽  
UN Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Among the rice hybrids, PRH-10 recorded significantly highest chlorophyll content, dry matter, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, root length, root: shoot ratio and grain yield (9.95 t/ha) over the rest of hybrids followed by NPH-567. The lowest values of these parameters were noted in IR-36. The higher straw yield was recorded (144.8 t/ha) in NPH-567. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21614 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 359-361, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition of baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) in nutrient solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. N. da Silva ◽  
Nelson Venturin ◽  
Cleber L. Rodas ◽  
Renato L. G. Macedo ◽  
Regis P. Venturin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the initial growth of baru in nutrient solutions with individualized omission of mineral nutrients in greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized with 13 treatments and four replicates: Complete Hoagland & Arnon solution and with individualized omissions of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn. At 60 days the following morphological characteristics were evaluated: height, root collar diameter, number of leaves and number of leaflets. In addition, the Dickson quality index and root/shoot ratio were calculated and root dry matter, shoot dry matter and the contents and accumulations of nutrients in the shoots of the seedlings were analyzed. Analysis of variance of the collected data was performed using the computational program Sisvar. The growth of baru seedlings, except for the variable height, was influenced by the omission of nutrients in the nutrient solution and the main limiting nutrients are K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Mo. The absorption of nutrients by baru plants occurs differently under the individualized nutritional omissions applied to the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Trinexapac-Ethyl Causes Stimulatory Effect on the Initial Growth of Eucalyptus urograndis Clones

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Lopes Bacha ◽  
Pedro de F. R. Barbosa Martins ◽  
Willians Cesar Carrega ◽  
Pedro Luis da C. A. Alves ◽  
Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

Eucalyptus plants are sensitive to stress factors in the initial growth phase. The plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl can provide gains to eucalyptus plants, a phenomenon known as hormesis. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl on the initial growth of two Eucalyptus urograndis clones (Clone 1 = I-144 and Clone 2 = 1407). The experiment was performed during 90 days after planting (DAP) of eucalyptus, in 100 L pots, with a randomized complete block design. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with two eucalyptus clones and three trinexapac-ethyl doses (0, 30 and 60 g i.a. ha-1), with four replications. Fortnightly, plants height and stem diameter were evaluated. At 90 DAP, the leaf area and plants dry matter (DM) were evaluated. Clone 1 obtained leaf area and total DM 53% and 58% larger than Clone 2, respectively. The higher dose of trinexapac-ethyl provided mean gains of 30% in stem DM and total DM in Clone 1. For Clone 2, both doses of the product caused mean gains of 70% in stem DM, leaf DM and total DM. In conclusion, trinexapac-ethyl has a positive effect on the initial growth of E. urograndis, Clones I-144 and 1407. Clone I-144 showed higher growth than Clone 1407, regardless trinexapac-ethyl application. However, the Clone 1407 obtained more expressive gains with the application of trinexapac-ethyl, compared to Clone I-144.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF LEGUMINOUS WEEDS ON RATE, SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIME OF GERMINATION, AND BIOMASS PARTITIONING IN RICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
S.A. ANJUM ◽  
A. JABBAR ◽  
T. TABASSUM ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

ABSTRACT The present study was aimed at determining the allelopathic influence of water extracts at varying concentrations (2.5% and 5% w/v) and residues with varying decomposition periods (0, 15 and 30 days) at 2% (w/w) concentration of four weeds (Trigonella polycerata, Vicia sativa, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago polymorpha) against rate, synchronization and time of germination, and biomass partitioning of rice through plant and soil bioassays. Germination and biomass partitioning in rice plants were inhibited by extracts and residues. The maximum decrease in energy of germination (88.6%) and increase in time for 50% germination (210.4%) were caused by the L. aphaca extract at 5% concentration as compared to control. Root and shoot, fresh weight (13.6 and 28.6%, respectively) and dry weight (20.4 and 41.7%, respectively) were reduced by the M. polymorpha extract at 5% concentration. The Vicia sativa extract at both concentrations caused a great increase in the root/shoot ratio (125-145.8%). Trigonella polycerata and V. sativa residues decomposed for 30 days caused maximum inhibition of energy of emergence (71.4%) and their decomposition for zero and 15 days, respectively, inhibited coefficient of uniformity of emergence (78.9%). Medicago polymorpha and L. aphaca residues decomposed for 30 days exaggerated time for 50% emergence (47.1 and 50.3%, respectively) when compared with control. Medicago polymorpha residues decomposed for 30 days exerted the greatest inhibitory effect on shoot fresh weight (46.1%) and root dry weight (59.9%). Vicia sativa with 30 days and T. polycerata residues without decomposition produced the least root fresh weight (65.3%) and shoot dry weight (52.6%), respectively. The root/shoot ratio (56.8%) was increased by T. polycerata residues without decomposition. Phenolics from leguminous weeds caused inhibition of germination/emergence and biomass partitioning in rice. Therefore, these weeds must be eradicated from the field at their initial growth stages.

Seasonal dynamics of dry weight, growth rate and root/shoot ratio in different aged seedlings of Salix caprea

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Dušek ◽  
Jan Květ
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dry Weight Growth

AbstractWillows (e.g. Salix caprea L.) are deciduous and richly branched shrubs or small trees. Salix caprea shows a high adaptability to different habitat conditions. One way of evaluating this adaptability is to measure willow biomass and production. Young plants of S. caprea were sampled from the bottom of an artificial lagoon in which sediments removed from the local Vajgar fishpond were deposited. The bottom of the lagoon was overgrown by vegetation dominated by seedlings of the willows S. caprea and S. aurita. Willows grew in the lagoon at average density of 58 plants per m2. The biomass production and growth of S. caprea were determined for 15 samples (collected from 315 individuals) during the growing season. Annual net dry matter production in the whole community was estimated for 2.7 kg m−2. Willows are generally considered to be fast-growing plants. The highest RGR of willows recorded by us was 0.03 to 0.04 g g−1 d−1 both in the stems and roots. This value was often recorded from July to August.

Effects of Single-seed Sowing on Root Growth, Root-shoot Ratio, and Yield inPeanut (Arachis hypogacaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye FENG ◽  
Feng GUO ◽  
Bao-Long LI ◽  
Jing-Jing MENG ◽  
Xin-Guo LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seed Sowing
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document