Morphological investigation of glandular hairs on Drosera capensis leaves with an ultrastructural study of the sessile glands

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yougasphree Naidoo ◽  
Samia Heneidak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Red Hair ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mucilage Secretion

Electron and light microscopy were employed to elucidate the types of glandular hairs on Drosera capensis L. leaves. Eight types of stalked and sessile hairs were found. One type of long-stalked red hair is present only along the margin of the adaxial surface of the leaf, and five types of short-stalked hairs exist mainly on the central part of the adaxial surface of the leaf. Two types of sessile glands are abundantly distributed on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. The sessile glands of two head cells are described for the first time in D. capensis, and the sessile glands of four head cells are illustrated for the first time in the genus Drosera. The presence of a secretion from the two head cells of the sessile glands and the dark large vesicles inside them suggests a secretory function. Numerous wall ingrowths are present in the outer tangential and radial cell walls of the head cells of the sessile glands, increasing the surface area to facilitate mucilage secretion.

scholarly journals Histological studies on the development of Phoma root rot of alfalfa

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Tissue Degradation ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several stages of the disease cycle of root rot of alfalfa caused by Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis were studied by using scanning electron and light microscopy. First activity of the pathogen was the external colonization of the root. The pathogen penetrated directly causing discoloration and tissue disintegration. Inter- and intracellular penetration facilitated by enzymatic degradation was likely the mechanism involved in breaching the barrier of the epidermal cells. Colonization of the cortex was intercellular. Radial access to the xylem elements was achieved through the cortex. Host responses to invasion by the pathogen were suberization of cortical cell walls and occlusion of vessels with pectic substances and wound gum. Cavities in the cortex resulting from tissue degradation were associated with later stages of infection. Intracellular hyphae were observed in dead cells of the cortex and in the xylem. 

scholarly journals Expanded Range of Cylindrocladium colhounii in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. El-Gholl ◽  
T. S. Schubert ◽  
S. E. Walker ◽  
J. K. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Symptomatic Tissue ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gaultheria Procumbens ◽  
Callistemon Rigidus ◽  
The U.S

Plant pathologists in Florida and Oregon have recently found Cylindrocladium colhounii for the first time on two new ornamental plant species. Brown, pinpoint leaf spots were observed on Callistemon rigidus (stiff bottlebrush) in a Florida nursery. C. colhounii was isolated consistently from these lesions. To confirm Koch's postulates, 25 ml of aconidial suspension at 96,000 conidia per ml was used to spray a 38.1-cm branch of C. rigidus. Plants were maintained in a moist chamber at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). Symptoms appeared within 3 days, and included brown, pinpoint spots (1 mm or less) occurring on both leaf surfaces, sunken blotches, and blight. The fungus was consistently reisolated from symptomatic tissue. In Oregon, the first detection of C. colhounii was from leaf spots on Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen) in a nursery. No proof of pathogenicity was done in Oregon on G. procumbens. C. colhounii has now been reported on 14 host genera in 10 families from Australia, India, Mauritius, South Africa, and the U.S. (FL, HI, LA, NC, OR, SC) (1–4). References: (1) P. W. Crous and M. J. Wingfield. Mycopathologia 122:45, 1993. (2) A. Peerally. Mycotaxon 40:323, 1991. (3) A. Y. Rossman. Mycol. Pap. No. 150, Commonw. Mycol. Inst., Kew, Surrey, England, 1983. (4) J. Y. Uchida and M. Aragaki. Plant Dis. 81:298, 1997.

Herbicide Dispersal Patterns: HI. as a Function of Formulation

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Hess ◽  
D. E. Bayer ◽  
R. H. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Scanning Electron

The distribution patterns of several herbicide formulations sprayed on adaxial leaf surfaces were determined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with cathodoluminescence and x-ray microanalysis. The sodium and amine salts of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy] acetic acid} sprayed on sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) leaves appeared as discrete deposits above the anticlinal cell walls that represented the location of spray drops that adhered to the leaf. When the sodium salt was applied to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.], the pattern of distribution was the same; however, each deposit was significantly smaller. The iso-octyl ester of MCPA coalesced into numerous, small, thick deposits on the cuticle of sugar beet leaves. The distribution of a wettable powder formulation of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino-s-triazine] appeared as uniform deposits over the anticlinal and periclinal cell walls that represented the location of aqueous spray drops after application. When a flowable formulation of atrazine was applied, there was a significant preferential accumulation of the herbicide at the edges of the separate deposits. One commercial formulation of propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) yielded deposits that were crystalline, one that was partially crystalline, and one that was noncrystalline.

Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia (Polypodiopsida, Polypodiaceae), a poikilochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant fern: anatomical, biochemical and physiological responses during water stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Lorenzen Voytena ◽  
Bruno Degaspari Minardi ◽  
José Bonomi Barufi ◽  
Marisa Santos ◽  
Áurea Maria Randi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Notable Increase

While many ferns have been described as desiccation tolerant (DT), few studies have reported on the mechanisms they use to survive cell desiccation. Among the species belonging to the genus Pleopeltis, P. pleopeltifolia (Raddi) Alston (Polypodiopsida, Polypodiaceae) is a DT species endemic to Brazil. So as to better characterise the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in ferns, the present study aimed to analyse frond anatomy and physiological changes associated with desiccation and rehydration of P. pleopeltifolia. Fronds are dorsiventral, with uniseriate epidermis. The epidermal cells have various shapes, tending to stretch in the longitudinal direction of the frond. Anticlinal cell walls are sinuous, and periclinal cell walls are convex. Anomocytic stomata are restricted to the abaxial surface. Trichome-type scales are found on both sides of the frond and may play a relevant role in rehydration of this plant when water is available. The mesophyll of the frond consists of palisade parenchyma, tending to a bistratified adaxial surface and spongy parenchyma on abaxial surface. The cuticle on the adaxial surface is conspicuous, ensuring better control of internal water balance. For physiological analyses, sporophytes were subjected to desiccation for 0, 5, 10 and 15 days and rehydration for 1 day. Sporophytes showed a sharp decline in water content when kept without irrigation, reaching 9.6% after 15 days, in addition to wilting and frond rolling. A significant increase in sugar content in fronds was noticeable during desiccation, which may favour a possible osmotic adjustment and vitrification. A notable increase in proline content during rehydration was observed in fronds. During the five initial days of desiccation, the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased abruptly, but after 1 day of rehydration, they had partly recovered. The photosynthetic parameters analysed by fluorescence of chlorophyll a ceased completely after 15 days of desiccation but they had recovered near to pre-desiccation levels after 1 day of rehydration.

Ledebouria weberi (Asparagaceae, Massoniinae), a new species from the Western Cape, South Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 408 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
ERNST VAN JAARSVELD ◽  
STEPHANUS VENTER
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Ledebouria is described and illustrated from near Greyton in the Western Cape of South Africa. It consists of dense clusters of plants, bearing semi-succulent linear-elliptic to linear-ovate leaves that are appressed to the ground, and with 12 distinct pale whitish green ridges with glandular hairs. Ledebouria weberi is morphologically similar to Ledebouria corrugata in having lines of papillae on the adaxial lamina surface, and soil particles adhering to the leaf surfaces. However, L. weberi is distinguished from L. corrugata in having only 12 rows of ridges with three-lobed tongue-shaped trichomes vs 30–40 broken rows with obtuse papillae, a flaccid inflorescence vs an erect inflorescence, longer peduncle and pedicel, smaller tepals, longer stamens and smaller ovary. Ledebouria weberi is known from several gatherings made by Wolfgang Weber since 2000. Plants grow in full sun on lateritic gravel flats.

scholarly journals Morphology of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum (Blechnaceae, Pteridophyta)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Rolleri ◽  
C. Prada ◽  
J. M. Gabriel y Galán ◽  
L. M. Passarelli ◽  
M. M. Ciciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Blechnum Serrulatum

In the present paper, we provide a revised, comprehensive description of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum Rich., from neo- and paleotropical localities. External and internal characters of the sporophyte were analysed, including axes, laminae, pinnae, indusia and spores. Intercellular pectic connections of the parenchyma of the rhizomes are reported for the first time. In stipes, cell walls of the aerenchyma tissue contain filamentous protuberances that are composed primarily of cellulose but contain also fatty substances. The morphology of the gametophyte, from spore germination to gametangia formation, is discussed. The taxonomic significance of the characters is considered, especially in regard to the relationship between B. serrulatum and the closely related B. indicum.

Cytochemical localization of some polysaccharide components in the cell walls of Chalara elegans during its life cycle

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 828-837
Author(s):  
Eliane Dumas-Gaudot ◽  
Abdessamad Tahiri-Alaoui ◽  
Nicole Benhamou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Multilayered Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Chalara Elegans ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

The occurrence of polysaccharides and sugars in the cell walls of the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Chalara elegans (deuteromycete) has been investigated at the electron microscope level, using cytochemical approaches based on the affinity of lectin or enzyme–gold complexes for some carbohydrates. Evidence for the presence of both β-1,4-glucans and chitinous components is reported here for the first time in the cell walls of chlamydospores, endoconidia, and hyphae. A minor component with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues is also detected in the cell walls and, as a storage product, in the cytoplasm. The spatial distribution of both cellulosic β-1,4-glucans and N-acetylglucosamine residues differs according to the fungal cells, and the present results give a more accurate description of the multilayered structure of the fungal walls (i.e., chlamydospores and hyphae). Key words: Chalara elegans, fungi, cell walls, gold cytochemistry.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Pedja Janaćković
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Involucral Bract ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
First Time

In this study, the micromorphology of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the endemic Centaurea glaberrima Tausch subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek (Asteraceae), using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is presented for the first time. Uniseriate whip-like non-glandular and biseriate glandular trichomes are found on the surface of all aboveground parts (stem, leaves, peduncles, involucral bract). On the adaxial leaf epidermis ribbed thickenings (striation pattern) of outer periclinal cell walls, slightly curved anticlinal cell walls and anomocytic stomata are noticed. Rugose abaxial surface with thorny protuberances of the involucral bract is documented. Corolla is glabrous with longitudinally parallel epidermal cells with distinct straight outline. Isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolporate microechinate pollen grains are seen. Short stylar hairs, without cuticular striations, are present along the outer sides of the style, while the inner sides (abaxial surface) constitute the papillate stigmatic surface. Microcharacters found in cypsela are as follows: slightly ribbed body; rotund base; lateral and concave insertion; short, unicellular curly acute trichomes; smooth epidermis; fine-sulcate ornamentation; rod shaped epidermal cells with short, obtuse end walls and straight anticlinal walls; poorly developed minutely dentate pericarp rim; and dimorphic pappus with bristles of different length and morphology, with pinnules restricted to the margins of the bristles. The results obtained contribute to knowledge about the micromorphology of the studied endemic species and provide features for its better identification. The taxonomic significance of the analyzed characters is discussed. Some well defined microcharacters of the studied species might have taxonomic value

scholarly journals SANGICOCCUS SP., A NEW RECORD OF PEST DEVASTATING COCONUT PALMS IN PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES

CORD ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
E.P. Pacumbaba ◽  
J.C. Orense ◽  
M.B. Zipagan ◽  
M.L.R. Imperial
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Ant Attendance ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sap

Sangicoccus sp. nr. truncatispinus (Reyne) (Eriococcidae: Homoptera) is recorded for the first time as a major pest of coconut palms in the Philippines. It is   also the first record among the coconut growing areas in the world. It sucks the plant sap resulting to chlorosis of leaves. Furthermore, honeydew droplets exuded by the pest accumulated on upper leaf surfaces become substrate for sootymolds.   The severe infestation observed in late 1980’s already spread to 6 out of 8 municipalities of the southern second district of Palawan. Presently, crop losses are estimated to reach 53% of the nut yield. The prevailing easterly and westerly wind directions of 1-5 m/sec coupled with the dense manner of planting enabled first instar nymphs (crawlers) to spread to other palms. The long dry spell also favored the proliferation of Sangicoccus sp.bv.   Controlling the spread and outbreak of this pest seems to be difficult as it thrives on eleven alternate hosts. Ant attendance contributed to dispersal and protection from natural enemies. Moreover, field population of ten predatory species remained minimal. Possible strategies for its control are presented.

scholarly journals The sporophyte of the Paleogene liverwort Frullania varians Caspary

Fossil Record ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heinrichs ◽  
M. von Konrat ◽  
H. Grabenhorst ◽  
A. R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Internal Layer ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Capsule Wall ◽  
Layer Cell ◽  
First Time ◽  
Upper Third

We document the sporophyte of the extinct <i>Frullania varians</i> based on an inclusion in Late Oligocene Bitterfeld amber from Germany. The sporophyte consists of a short, ca. 45 µm thick seta that exceeds the perianth only slightly; the elongate-ovate, acute valves of the opened capsule are about 225 µm long, curved backwards and consist of an epidermal and an internal layer. Cell walls of both layers possess nodulose trigones. Several trumpet-shaped, unispiral elaters are fixed to the upper third of the internal valve layer. They have a length of ca. 150 µm and a diameter of 15–18 µm. A subglobose structure of 19 µm diameter is interpreted as a degraded spore. Fossil elaters and spores as well as capsule wall details of Frullaniaceae are described for the first time. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201200009" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.201200009</a>

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