Influences of phenological differences on leaf-level carbon budget between the upper and lower crown of Lyonia ovalifolia

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Light ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Light Acquisition

To assess the significance of leaf phenology on leaf-level carbon budget, I measured seasonal changes in daily carbon budget of the upper and lower leaves within a single crown of Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica, a subcanopy tree species. Leaf-level carbon budget was evaluated as the product of area-based assimilation rates and leaf area minus leaf construction cost for a day. The area of the upper leaves gradually increased from spring to summer, whereas that of the lower leaves rapidly increased in early spring. Morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics in lower leaves matured earlier than in upper leaves. Leaves in the lower crown produced a large amount of photosynthate (1.35 mg C·day−1) using the high light intensity of early spring. On the other hand the highest assimilation rate (5.23 mg C·day−1) was observed in late spring in the upper crown. Phenological differences in morphological and physiological characteristics among leaves in different positions within a crown can be interpreted as the acclimation to the seasonal changes in light acquisition for a leaf.

High-Light-Intensity Damage to the Foliose Lichen Lobaria Pulmonaria within Natural Forest: The Applicability of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yngvar Gauslaa ◽  
Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation

AbstractThe annual course of irradiance was recorded at two vertical and even-aged neighbouring Quercus stems, one rich in L. pulmonaria, one without. Irradiance never exceeded 610 μmol photons m−2 s−1 at the L. pulmonaria site, whereas the L. pulmonaria-deficient site could experience 2 h daily 2000 μmol photons m−2 s−1, and 6 h above 1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1 during a clear day in early spring. Thalli of L. pulmonaria were transplanted to these two stems. During the first 40 days (April–May), transplants at the L. pulmonaria-deficient site developed severe chlorophyll degradation, and a substantial reduction in maximal PS II efficiency (Fv/Fm) even when measured after a 48-h recovery period at low light intensity. Extensive bleaching was formed along light-exposed sides of the tiny ridges on the upper side. Subsequent to this damage, FV/FM gradually rose to nearly normal levels during the following year. This apparent recovery was probably mainly due to irreversible loss of damaged chlorophyll, but also to some level of acclimation. No damage was observed in control transplants on the L. pulmonariarich tree, which were the only transplants gaining sufficient growth for new attachment to the new substratum during the 397-day transplantation period. Nevertheless, a fine-scale, but highly significant seasonal variation in FV/FM of control transplants reflected variations of even low irradiance levels. FV/FM, as measured after a 48-h recovery period at low light intensity, is an efficient meth for recording permanent high light damages at and shortly after damage is formed. However, FV/FM is not a useful estimator of chronic long-term damage.

Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Different Wheat Cultivars under High Light Intensity and High Temperature Stresses

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2196-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Li QI ◽  
Lin HU ◽  
Hai-Bin DONG ◽  
Lei ZHANG ◽  
Gen-Song WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Temperature Stresses

High light intensity stress as the limiting factor in micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Singh ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intensity Stress

Predator Detection is Limited in Microhabitats with High Light Intensity: An Experiment with Brown-Headed Cowbirds

Ethology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Fernández-Juricic ◽  
Marcella Deisher ◽  
Amy C. Stark ◽  
Jacquelyn Randolet
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Predator Detection

Monitoring of cold and light stress impact on photosynthesis by using the laser induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Pieruschka ◽  
Denis Klimov ◽  
Zbigniew S. Kolber ◽  
Joseph A. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Transient ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements have been widely applied to quantify the photosynthetic efficiency of plants non-destructively. The most commonly used pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) technique provides a saturating light pulse, which is not practical at the canopy scale. We report here on a recently developed technique, laser induced fluorescence transient (LIFT), which is capable of remotely measuring the photosynthetic efficiency of selected leaves at a distance of up to 50 m. The LIFT approach correlated well with gas exchange measurements under laboratory conditions and was tested in a field experiment monitoring the combined effect of low temperatures and high light intensity on a variety of plants during the early winter in California. We observed a reduction in maximum and effective quantum yield in electron transport for Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon esculentum L. and Persea americana Mill. as the temperatures fell, while a grass community was not affected by combined low temperature and high light stress. The ability to make continuous, automatic and remote measurements of the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves with the LIFT system provides a new approach for studying and monitoring of stress effects on the canopy scale.

Environmental Influence on the Tolerance of Corn to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Before And After

Corn(Zea maysL.) in the two to three-leaf stage grown 18 to 21 days in a growth chamber under cold, wet conditions was injured by postemergence application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) plus emulsifiable phytobland oil. Injury was most severe when these plants were kept under cold, wet conditions for 48 hr after the herbicidal spray was applied, followed by exposure to high light intensity and high temperature. Under these growth chamber conditions, approximately 50% of the atrazine-treated plants died. Since wet foliage before and after application increased foliar penetration and low temperature decreased the rate of detoxication to peptide conjugates, atrazine accumulated under cold, wet conditions. This accumulation of foliarly-absorbed atrazine and the “weakened” conditions of the plants grown under the stress conditions is believed to be responsible for the injury to corn. Hydroxylation and the dihydroxybenzoxazin-3-one content in the roots were reduced at low temperature, but it is unlikely that this contributed to the death of the corn.

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