Berberine as a therapy for type 2 diabetes and its complications: From mechanism of action to clinical studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguang Chang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Grant M. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agent ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
Adults And Children

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide, and the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs is emerging. However, most anti-diabetic drugs cannot be used in patients with hepatic dysfunction, renal disease, and heart disease, which makes pharmacological therapy of type 2 diabetes complicated. Despite continued introduction of novel agents, the search for an ideal drug that is useful as both a hypoglycemic agent and to reduce diabetes-related complications remains elusive. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid extract that has shown promise as a hypoglycemic agent in the management of diabetes in animal and human studies. Mechanistic studies have revealed beneficial effects of berberine on diabetes-related complications. Although there have been few clinical reports of the anti-diabetic effects of berberine, little documentation of adverse effects in humans positions it as a potential candidate drug to treat type 2 diabetes. In the present review, the anti-diabetic mechanism of berberine, its effect on diabetes-related complications, and its recent use in human clinical studies is highlighted. In addition, we summarize the different treatments for type 2 diabetes in adults and children.

Red meat consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-541
Author(s):  
Emma Derbyshire ◽  
Carrie Ruxton
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This review aims to evaluate and review literature published in the area of rising concerns that red meat consumption may be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although there have been discrepancies between study findings, and put the findings into context. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review was undertaken to locate and summarise relevant studies which included epidemiological and clinical studies published between 2004 and 2014. Findings – A total of 23 studies were found, with 21 epidemiological and two clinical studies meeting the criteria. Overall, the totality of the evidence indicates that while processed meat consumption appears to be associated with T2DM risk, the effect is much weaker for red meat, with some associations attenuated after controlling for body weight parameters. Where studies have considered high intakes in relation to T2DM risk, meat intake has tended to exceed 600 g per week. Therefore, keeping red meat intakes within recommended guidelines of no more than 500 g per week, while opting for lean cuts or trimming fat, would seem to be an evidence-based response. Research limitations/implications – The majority of studies conducted to date have been observational cohorts which cannot determine cause and effect. Most of these used food frequency questionnaires which are known to be subject to misclassification errors (Brown, 2006). Clearly, more randomised controlled trials are needed to establish whether red meat consumption impacts on markers of glucose control. Until then, conclusions can only be viewed as speculative. Originality/value – This paper provides an up-to-date systematic review of the literature, looking at inter-relationships between red meat consumption and T2DM risk.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Canagliflozin in Combination with Pioglitazone on Insulin Sensitivity in Rodent Models of Obese Type 2 Diabetes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0116851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Watanabe ◽  
Keiko Nakayama ◽  
Nobuhiko Taniuchi ◽  
Yasushi Horai ◽  
Chiaki Kuriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects

scholarly journals A comparison of the effect of glitazones on serum sialic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat ur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Mohammad Salman ◽  
Rooh Ullah Khan ◽  
MI Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Hba1 C ◽  
Serum Sialic Acid ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Cv Disease

Although management of hyperglycaemia represents one of the principal treatment goals of diabetes therapy, the high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) complications in diabetes also needs effective management. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine and compare the effect of glitazones on serum sialic acid (SSA), a known risk marker for CV disease, along with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycohaemoglobin (HbA1-c) and blood lipids, in overweight, previously only diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes ( n=60). The study was conducted for a period of 12 months. Significant improvement in FPG and HbA1-c were shown by both rosiglitazone ( p<0.003 and p<0.001, respectively) and pioglitazone ( p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively), compared with baseline, and pioglitazone showed greater beneficial effects on other parameters monitored, significantly reducing total cholesterol (TC) ( p≤0.05). Both the drugs showed a decrease in SSA and no significant differences were observed between the groups. However, the decrease was significant only in the pioglitazone-treated group at month 12 ( p≤0.05), compared with baseline. A significant decrease in SSA by pioglitazone indicates its greater cardioprotective effect compared with rosiglitazone.

Beneficial effects of rosiglitazone on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. E. Kadoglou ◽  
F. Iliadis ◽  
N. Angelopoulou ◽  
D. Perrea ◽  
C. D. Liapis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The Scientific Case against Prescribing Insulin for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
John F Burd
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are related worldwide epidemics which could be erased with the help of governments and medical communities using tools that are readily available today. Prevailing diet recommendations, which are clearly wrong, are a significant cause of both obesity and type 2 diabetes and have led to the current dire situation. According to the CDC, in the United States alone there are currently 34.2 million people with diabetes of which 30 million have type 2 diabetes. In addition, 88 million Americans have prediabetes (defined as an A1c above 5.7%) which will almost certainly progress to type 2 diabetes if not treated and reversed. The cause of insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is “glucose toxicity” as explained below, and understanding this medical term is paramount to the case against using insulin for type 2 diabetes. Glucose reacts with all the proteins in the body leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, nearly 20% of adults with type 2 diabetes are prescribed insulin injections often in conjunction with oral pharmaceutical medications. Because people with with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, prescribing insulin is a very bad idea, since they will need an ever-increasing dosage of insulin as time passes, leading to a lifetime of insulin injections. There is only one product, Lysulin (www.lysulin.com), that targets the cause of insulin resistance and has been proven in double blind, placebo controlled clinical studies to improve insulin resistance and better cell function. The recommend initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be moderate exercise, intermittent fasting, a low calorie, low carbohydrate ketrogenic diet combined with Lysulin before instituting insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. By adhering to a ketogenic diet that includes moderate exercise, intermittent fasting and nutritional supplementation with Lysulin, diabetes can be halted and quite possibly reversed. Lysulin is a patented nutritional supplement that contains lysine, zinc, and vitamin C [1]. Double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of this nutritional supplement [2, 3].

Current prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in adults and children in the UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1119-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Holman ◽  
B. Young ◽  
R. Gadsby
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Uk
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