The nitrate-tolerant symbiosis of Glycine max (L.) Merr. nts382 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum is also tolerant of ammonium

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432-1438
Author(s):  
J Kevin Vessey ◽  
Bert Luit
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wild Type Parent

Previously, we have shown that the Glycine max (L.) Merr. -Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis is very sensitive to inhibition by NH4+. The current study addresses whether the supernodulating soybean mutant, nts382, which is known to be tolerant of NO3-, is also tolerant of NH4+. The nts382 mutant and its wild-type parent, Bragg, were grown in continuous-flow hydroponic culture in the presence of 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mM 15N-enriched NH4+. Plants were harvested at 14, 21, and 28 days after inoculation. Both cultivars had the highest dry weight (DW) at each harvest date when grown on 0.25 mM NH4+. At 0.25 mM NH4+, whole plant DW increased by 5.3- and 3.2-fold in Bragg and nts382, respectively, compared with the 0.0 mM NH4+ control by the end of the experiment. As expected, whole-plant nodulation (nodules per plant), DW-specific nodulation (nodules per gram root dry weight), and nodule DW were severely inhibited in Bragg at all levels of NH4+. However, in nts382, whole-plant nodulation was not affected by NH4+ treatment, and nodule DW increased by as much as fivefold. Whereas DW-specific nodulation decreased by 94% in Bragg, this parameter decreased by only 52% in the nts382 mutant. Likewise, while the nitrogen derived from the atmosphere decreased by approximately 40% in NH4+-supplied Bragg, it increased 2.8-fold at 0.25 and 0.5 mM NH4+ in nts382. This study demonstrates that both nodulation and N2 fixation in nts382 are more tolerant of NH4+ than in the wild-type Bragg.

EFFECTS OF SOIL NITRATE LEVEL ON NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION AND REMOBILIZATION IN FIELD-GROWN SOYBEANS (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BUTTERY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Plant Treatment

Soil tests, nodule weights, acetylene reduction rates and nitrate reductase measurements indicated that considerable differences in mode of N-nutrition of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were achieved by treating field plots with ground-up corn cobs or with high levels of NH4NO3. This had no effect on the final N content or dry weight of the seed or whole plant. Treatment differences at 78–85 days in N content, apparent mobilization (transfer) from non-seed parts of the plant, N content and mobilization of N in lower leaves suggest that the route to this common end product differed between the two soil treatments. Movement of N out of the leaves was estimated by weekly sampling of individual leaves at all nodes on the plant. Lower leaves began transferring N and dry matter to other parts of the plant before pods had begun to form. The leaves provided the same amounts of N (287–293 mg/plant) in both soil treatments, but pods, stems and roots in the +cobs treatment provided 234 mg N but only 166 mg N in the +NO3 treatment.Key words: Soybean, nitrate, N2-fixation, re-mobilization, nitrate reductase

Newly featured infection events in a supernodulating soybean mutant SS2-2 by Bradyrhizobium japonicum

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Kyujung Van ◽  
Moon Young Kim ◽  
Byun-Woo Lee ◽  
Suk-Ha Lee
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Supernodulating Mutant

Supernodulating soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) mutant SS2-2 and its wild-type counterpart, Sinpaldalkong 2, were examined for the microstructural events associated with nodule formation and development. SS2-2 produced a substantially higher percentage of curled root hairs than the wild type, especially at 14 days after inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In addition, there was new evidence that in SS2-2, B. japonicum also entered through fissures created by the emerging adventitious root primordia. Early steps of nodule ontogeny were faster in SS2-2, and continued development of initiated nodules was more frequent and occurred at a higher frequency than in the wild type. These data suggest that the early expression of autoregulation is facilitated by decreasing the speed of cortical cell development, leading to the subsequent termination of less-developed nodules. The nodules of SS2-2 developed into spherical nodules like those formed on the wild type. In both the wild type and supernodulating mutant, vascular bundles bifurcate from root stele and branch off in the nodule cortex to surround the central infected zone. These findings indicate that SS2-2 has complete endosymbiosis and forms completely developed nodule vascular bundles like the wild type, but that the speed of nodule ontogeny differs between the wild type and SS2-2. Thus, SS2-2 has a novel symbiotic phenotype with regard to nodule organogenesis.Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, early nodule development, Glycine max, root hair curling, supernodulation.

scholarly journals Reaction of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Wacław Jarecki
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Fat Yield

The aim of the study was to assess soybean response to sowing material inoculation with HiStick® Soy preparation, containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the inoculation significantly increased the number and dry weight of nodules on soybean roots compared to control. The bacterial preparation significantly increased the number of pods per plant. As a result, a significant increase in seed yield (0.58 t/ha) was obtained compared to control. HiStick® Soy increased total protein content in seeds. Protein and fat yield was higher after seed inoculation by 318 kg/ha and 101 kg/ha, respectively, compared to control.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Biochar, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous on the Symbiotic Performance, Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Hua Ma ◽  
Moritz Reckling ◽  
Richard Ansong Omari ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
P Supply

Numerous studies reported the positive effect of soil amendment with biochar on plant development. However, little is known about biochar and its interrelation with nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) additions and their impact on plant growth. We carried out greenhouse experiments to understand the interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply, as well as biochar amendment, on the symbiotic performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and plant growth and nutrient uptake. The biochar was produced from maize by heating at 600 °C for 30 min and used for pot experiments at an application rate of 2%. Plants were fertilized with two different concentrations of P (KH2PO4) and N (NH4NO3). Biochar application significantly increased the dry weight of soybean root and shoot biomass, by 34% and 42%, under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supply, respectively. Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation enhanced the dry weight of shoot biomass significantly, by 41% and 67%, in soil without biochar and with biochar addition, respectively. The nodule number was 19% higher in plants grown under low N combined with low or high P, than in high N combinations, while biochar application increased nodule number in roots. Moreover, biochar application increased N uptake of plants in all soil treatments with N or P supply, compared with B. japonicum-inoculated and uninoculated plants. A statistical difference in P uptake of plants between biochar and nutrient levels was observed with low N and high P supply in the soil. Our results show that the interactions between nitrogen, phosphorus, and biochar affect soybean growth by improving the symbiotic performance of B. japonicum and the growth and nutrition of soybean. We observed strong positive correlations between plant shoot biomass, root biomass, and N and P uptake. These data indicated that the combined use of biochar and low N, P application can be an effective approach in improving soybean growth with minimum nutrient input.

Nitrogen Partitioning During Early Development of Supernodulating Soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merrill) Mutants and their Wild-Type Parent

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER P. HANSEN ◽  
MARK B. PEOPLES ◽  
PATRICK H. BROWN ◽  
BERNARD J. CARROLL ◽  
PETER M. GRESSHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wild Type Parent

Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Response to Metribuzin in Solution Culture

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Dry Weight

Twenty-eight commercial soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars of maturity classes V through VIII were evaluated for differences in response to metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] 0.125 ppm w/w in hydroponic culture. Top dry weight (TDW) of treated ‘FFR 666’ soybeans equaled that of the cultivar check and five other cultivars were not significantly different (P = 5%). ‘Semmes' was most sensitive to the herbicide with TDW 40% of cultivar check. ‘Tracy’ and ‘Coker 156’ were not significantly different (P = 5%) from Semmes. The other cultivars tested were intermediate in response to metribuzin.

Effect offurmutation on acid-tolerance response and in vivo virulence of avian septicemicEscherichia coli

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengru Zhu ◽  
Musangu Ngeleka ◽  
Andrew A Potter ◽  
Brenda J Allan
Keyword(s):  
Parent Strain ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Acid Tolerance Response ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regulator Protein ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Wild Type Parent

The Fur (ferric uptake regulator) protein is a master regulator of iron metabolism in gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, the effect of a partial deletion of the fur gene on the acid-tolerance response and in vivo virulence of avian Escherichia coli was examined. The fur mutant was unable to trigger the acid-tolerance response as observed in the wild-type parent strain. However, the mutant was as virulent as the wild-type parent strain when tested in 1-day-old chickens by subcutaneous inoculation. These data indicate that the fur gene is involved in the acid-tolerance response but not involved in the virulence of E. coli, as detected by the ability to cause septicemia in our experimental infection.Key words: E. coli, fur, acid-tolerance response.

scholarly journals Diversidad de los rizobios que nodulan la soja en los suelos de la Pampa húmeda e identificación de cepas para la fabricación de inoculantes comerciales

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Graciela N. Pastorino
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Glycine Max L

Las labores culturales, provocan modificaciones de las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos. Estas se clasifican en: labranza convencional, labranza vertical y siembra directa. Cada tecnología de manejo genera estreses a los que las poblaciones microbianas se adaptan, como resultado de cambios morfológicos, fisiológicos y genéticos. La inoculación de la soja (Glycine max [L.] Merr) es una tecnología que se introdujo en la Argentina junto con el cultivo y por ello los inoculantes fueron el vehículo de ingreso de las cepas exóticas de Bradyrhizobium, que una vez incorporadas al suelo, se adaptaron y establecieron dando origen a las poblaciones de rizobios naturalizadas. Lo que condujo a generar diversidad a nivel del genoma de los bradyrizobios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad de los simbiontes de soja que se encuentran en la población del suelo y el rol que cumple como recurso en la selección de cepas para la producción comercial de inoculantes. Se evaluaron dos muestras de suelo que durante los últimos 8 años fueron trabajados con siembra directa (SD) y con labranza convencional (LC). Se realizó el recuento y aislamiento de rizobios. Los aislados se caracterizaron fisiológica y genéticamente. La diversidad se evaluó mediante la amplificación de las secuencias BOX A1R. Se seleccionaron 52 aislados que se identificaron amplificando las regiones RSα y nifD y la secuenciación del fragmento ITS 16S - 23S rDNA. El recuento de rizobios mostró que en el suelo bajo SD y antecesor soja la población fue mayor que en la muestra de suelo bajo LC y antecesor maíz. La caracterización fisiológica de 200 aislados reflejó que los suelos LC contuvieron un mayor número de cepas tolerantes a salinidad y alta temperatura. Además un porcentaje mayor de aislados del suelo LC, respecto del suelo bajo SD, resultó con capacidad de sobrevivencia sobre semilla superior a la cepa control E109. Los aislados además presentaron diferencias en la nodulación y fijación de nitrógeno, en la tolerancia a glifosato y en la producción de ácido indol acético (AIA). Sólo un aislado mostró capacidad de solubilización de fósforo. El análisis del dendrograma generado con los fingerprints BOX A1R, mostró que hay mayor diversidad en los suelos bajo SD. Sobre los 52 aislados analizados en base a la secuencia del ITS se encontró que el 70 % son Bradyrhizobium japonicum y 30 % B. elkanii. Se identificaron 4 aislados que comparten características genéticas de ambas especies de Bradyrhizobium. En esta tesis se confirmó que en los suelos con historia de cultivo de soja, manejados bajo distintos sistemas de labranzas, se indujeron cambios a nivel del genoma de las cepas de rizobios que contribuyó a modificar la diversidad de la población. Las poblaciones naturalizadas son un recurso para la identificación de rizobios con características superiores para la fabricación de inoculantes, sin embargo es necesario profundizar las evaluaciones de la supervivencia, tolerancia, competitividad y promoción del crecimiento vegetal de rizobios naturalizados para emplearlos como bioinoculantes.

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