Frankia forms infection threads

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Howard Berg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Plant Control

Frankia forms symbioses with a great variety of plant hosts, and because nodule development is under plant control, this results in an interesting diversity in the structure of developing symbiotic cells. However, it is apparent that, in all these symbioses, the microsymbiont Frankia follows a similar pattern of development within symbiotic cells of the nodule: the cell is invaded by formation of an infection thread containing invasive hyphae sheathed in plant cell wall material, parasitic vegetative hyphae proliferate by branching from this infection thread, and N2-fixing symbiotic vesicles differentiate from tips of these vegetative hyphae. Infection threads are recognized by their ontogeny and morphology, being the cell-invasive structures in the case of the former and straight-growing hyphae in the case of the latter. Formation of infection threads is a feature shared in common with legumes. Unlike in legumes, the infection thread in actinorhizae is not defined by the presence of sheathing plant cell wall material; all forms of the bacterium have this. Rather than using the term "encapsulation," which suggests a bacterial origin, it is proposed the term "interfacial matrix" be used to describe this plant cell wall material separating Frankia from host cytoplasm.Key words: Frankia, infection thread, interfacial matrix, microsymbiont, nodule, symbiosis.

Comparative hydrolysis and sorption of Al and La onto plant cell wall material and pectic materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 332 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernhard Wehr ◽  
F. Pax C. Blamey ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material

Measurement of the quantity and composition of digesta in the reticulo-rumen of sheep fed on a roughage diet

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
GR Pearce ◽  
PT Doyle ◽  
R Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Slaughter Method

In two experiments, estimates of the quantity and composition of digesta in the reticula-rumen of sheep given a roughage diet were made using a recently published marker technique. These estimates were compared with measurements made on the same sheep at slaughter. Estimates of digesta dry matter were influenced by the method of obtaining digesta samples from the rumen. When samples were withdrawn through a plastic tube, the resultant estimates underestimated the values obtained at slaughter by an average of 6%. An alternative sampling procedure is described which provided estimates within 1.5 % of values at slaughter. Values obtained for the organic matter, plant cell wall, and nitrogen content of digesta were similar for the slaughter method and the marker technique, irrespective of the method of sampling. In both experiments, the marker technique consistently underestimated the quantity of water in the rumen by 2-19 %. The importance of measures made on digesta load in the reticulo-rumen is illustrated by an examination of the variability between sheep in digestion of plant cell wall material.

scholarly journals Localizatlon of expansin-like protein in apoplast of pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodules during interaction with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Sujkowska ◽  
Wojciech Borucki ◽  
Władysław Golinowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Roots

During nodule development on pea roots, apoplast undergoes changes in activity of plant cell wall proteins such as expansins (EXPs). Because the accumulation of EXP protein has been correlated with the growth of various plant organs, we investigated using Western Blot and immunolocalization studies with antibody against PsEXP1, whether this protein was accumulated in the expanding cells of nodule. Immunoblot results indicated the presence of a 30-kDa band specific for pea root nodules. The EXP proteins content rose during growth of pea root nodules. Expansin(s) protein was localized in nodule apoplast as well as in the infection thread walls. The enhanced amount of expansin-like proteins in meristematic part of nodule, root and shoot was shown. The localization of this protein in the meristematic cell walls can be related to the loosening of plant cell wall before cell enlargement. Both, plant cell enlargement and infection thread growth require activity of expansin(s). Possible involvement of EXPs in the process of pea root nodule development is also discussed.

Analytical implications of different methods for preparing plant cell wall material

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 117866
Author(s):  
Jonatan U. Fangel ◽  
Catherine Y. Jones ◽  
Peter Ulvskov ◽  
Jesper Harholt ◽  
William G.T. Willats
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material

Hydrolysis and Speciation of Al Bound to Pectin and Plant Cell Wall Material and Its Reaction with the Dye Chrome Azurol S

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5553-5560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernhard Wehr ◽  
F. P. C. Blamey ◽  
J. V. Hanna ◽  
P. M. Kopittke ◽  
G. L. Kerven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Chrome Azurol S

scholarly journals Fermentation and subsequent disposition of 14C-labelled plant cell wall material in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Gray ◽  
M. A. Eastwood ◽  
W. G. Brydon ◽  
S. C. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Cell Wall Preparation

A 14C-Iabelled plant cell wall preparation (I4C-PCW) produced from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cell culture exhibits uniform labelling of the major polysaccharide groups (%): pectins 53, hemicellulose 13, cellulose 21, starch 3. This 14C-PCW preparation has been used in rat studies as a marker for plant cell wall metabolism. Metabolism of the 14C-PCW occurred largely over the first 24 h. This was due to fermentation in the caecum. The pectic fraction of the plant cell walls was degraded completely in the rat gastrointestinal tract, but some [14C-]cellulose was still detected after 24 h in the colon. Of the 14C,22% was recovered in the host liver, adipose tissue and skin, 26% excreted as 14CO2 and up to 18%was excreted in the faeces. There was no urinary excretion of 14C. In vitro fermentation using a caecal inocuium showed reduced 14CO2 production, 12% compared with 26% in the intact rat. 14C-PCW is auseful marker to investigate the fate of plant cell wall materials in the gastrointestinal tract. These studies show both bacterial fermentation of the 14C-PCW and host metabolism of the 14C-labelled fermentation products.

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