Effect of sink size on growth response to elevated atmospheric CO2 within the genus Brassica

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G Reekie ◽  
Glenn MacDougall ◽  
Ivan Wong ◽  
Peter R Hicklenton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Storage Structures

Many plants grown at elevated CO2 concentrations exhibit enhanced photosynthetic rates. However, this increase in photosynthesis is often reduced after prolonged exposure to elevated CO2. This reduction may be related to the capacity of plants to utilize the extra photosynthate produced at elevated CO2. This study examined the effect of source to sink ratio on the capacity of plants to respond to elevated CO2. Seven species or cultivars within the genus Brassica were germinated and grown at either 350 or 1000 ppm CO2. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) and cauliflower (B. oleracea L.) have large carbon sinks in the reproductive structures; Chinese broccoli (Brassica campestris L.) and marrow stem kale (B. oleracea) have carbon sinks in the stem; turnip (B. campestris) stores carbon in the root; rape (Brassica napus L.) and white mustard (Brassica alba (L.) Rabenh.) have no obvious carbon storage structures and were assumed to have a lower sink strength relative to the above cultivars. Plants were harvested at three stages of development and total plant weight, leaf area ratio, and allocation to leaf, root, and stem determined. As young seedlings, all cultivars responded positively to elevated CO2. The long-term growth response of different cultivars to CO2 was independent of sink location, but was dependent on sink size. Cultivars with no obvious carbon storage structures showed no significant growth enhancement by elevated CO2 by the end of the experiment. However, neither leaf area ratio nor biomass allocation pattern were reliable predictors of response to CO2 suggesting that assessing differences in source to sink ratio is not necessarily straightforward.Key words: biomass allocation, sink strength, functional groups, elevated carbon dioxide, leaf area ratio.

Phenyl indole-3-thiolobutyrate increases growth of transplanted 1-0 red oak

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
W. Timothy Rhodus
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
Net Assimilation

The basal 1 cm of taproot of dormant bareroot 1-0 red oak (Quercusrubra L.) seedlings were given a 3-s dip in 20, 40, or 80 mM concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), phenyl indole-3-thiolobutyrate (P-ITB), or equal parts IBA and P-ITB at 20 or 40 mM concentrations. Sixty control seedlings were dipped in 95% ethanol, while 30 seedlings were used for each auxin treatment. Seedlings were potted on May 12, 1986, and grown outdoors. At the end of the 104-day study period, all concentrations of IBA and P-ITB significantly increased number of roots regenerated (from 5.3 with 20 mM IBA to 11.9 for 80 mM IBA) compared with control seedlings. However, P-ITB-treated seedlings produced significantly more leaves (20–24) and leaf area (320–472 cm2), and up to 10 g more dry weight than IBA and non-auxin-treated seedlings. P-ITB treated seedlings had higher relative growth and net assimilation rates and lower leaf area ratio than IBA-treated or control seedlings. Seedlings treated with 20 mM of equal parts IBA and P-ITB were similar to P-ITB-treated seedlings while seedlings treated with the 40 mM IBA and P-ITB combination were similar to IBA-treated seedlings.

scholarly journals Growth of the crabgrass species Digitaria ciliaris and Digitaria nuda

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Souza ◽  
A.C. Dias ◽  
M.R.A. Figueiredo ◽  
F.E.B. Obara ◽  
P.J Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

The aim of this research paper was to compare the growth of D. ciliaris and D. nuda crabgrass species under non-competitive conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one from March - July 2010 and the other from February - June 2011. The experimental design of both trials was completely randomized making a factorial (2 seasons x 2 species crabgrass x 12 evaluation periods) with four replications. Assessments began at 15 days after sowing (DAS), and repeated weekly until 92 DAS. The variables evaluated were total dry matter (roots+leaves+stems), leaf area, leaf number and tiller. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area ratio were calculated using the means, which were adjusted regression models. The crabgrass species were significantly different in leaf area, leaf number, tiller number and dry matter per plant. D. ciliaris for all variables was statistically higher than D. nuda. Regarding the speed at which the growth of the species occurred, the absolute growth rate and relative growth rate of D. ciliaris was also greater than D. nuda. In addition, D. ciliaris also had a lower leaf area ratio indicating greater efficiency in converting light energy into carbohydrates. It can be concluded that D. ciliaris has a higher growth rate in conditions where there is no limitation of nutrients and water availability in relation to D. nuda, mainly due to D. ciliaris have greater leaf area, number of leaves and dry matter accumulation per plant.

Seed dimorphism in relation to germination and growth of Cakile edentula

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
Shoot To Root Ratio ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that the two seed morphs produced from the upper and lower fruit segments of Cakile edentula differed significantly in their germinability and carry-over effects on the growth of the subsequent plants. By partitioning variables into seed-morph and seed-mass components, this study suggests that both seed germination and the growth of the subsequent plants depend on seed mass rather than seed morph. Plants from large seeds generally had greater leaf area, shoot to root ratio, biomass, and smaller leaf area ratio than those from small seeds. Within the same seed-mass class, plants from the lower fruit segment showed greater shoot to root ratio only at the end of the experiment. Since specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and shoot to root ratio depended significantly on plant dry mass, the effect of seed mass on these variables may be actually achieved indirectly through the influence on plant size. Key words: seed dimorphism, seed mass, maternal effect, germination, growth, Cakile edentula.

scholarly journals DIFFERENT SHADING NETS IN ESCAROLE GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-595
Author(s):  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Carla Janaina Werner ◽  
Thais Pollon Zanatta ◽  
Patricia Brezolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

The aim of work was to verify the effect of different shading levels in escarole crop, during summer in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen RS Campus, in 2015 with Escarola Lisa escarole cultivar. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three shading levels (0%, 30%, 50%), with six replications. Growth evaluation were performed in destructive manner every seven days, from transplant to harvest point. From the information obtained, traits were determined: leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, biological productivity, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate. The data obtained were analyzed by the statistical program Genes, the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The shading level 30% provided greater leaf area, higher biological productivity and absolute growth rate. However, the leaf area ratio was higher when shading level 50% was tested. However, it can be said that the shading levels favor growth of escarole crop.

scholarly journals Nutrient Solution Concentration Affects Shoot: Root Ratio, Leaf Area Ratio, and Growth of Subirrigated Salvia (Salvia splendens)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Goo Kang ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Salvia Splendens

To evaluate the effects of nutrient concentration and pH of the fertilizer solution on growth and nutrient uptake of salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. & Schult. `Scarlet Sage'), we grew plants with five different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution [0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0× full strength; electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.4, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0, and 3.7 dS·m-1, respectively]. In a concurrent experiment, plants were subirrigated with modified Hoagland solution at 0.5× concentration and one of five solution pH values: 4.4, 5.4, 6.4, 7.2, and 8.0. Shoot and total dry weight and leaf area increased greatly with increasing nutrient solution concentrations from 0.125 to 1.0×, while leaf photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration, and stomatal conductance decreased with increasing nutrient solution concentrations. Treatment effects on growth apparently were caused by changes in carbon allocation within the plants. Shoot: root ratio and leaf area ratio increased with increasing fertilizer concentration. Plants flowered 8 days later at low concentrations of nutrient solution than at high concentrations. Shoot tissue concentrations of N, P, K, and B increased, while C, Al, Mo, and Na decreased with increasing concentration of the nutrient solution. The pH of the nutrient solution had no effect on the growth or gas exchange of the plants, while its effects on nutrient concentration in the shoot tissue generally were smaller than those of fertilizer concentration. These results indicate that 1.0 to 2.0× concentrations of Hoagland solution result in maximum growth, apparently because the plants produce leaf area more efficiently at high fertilizer concentrations.

scholarly journals Growth of canola hybrids resistant and sensitive to herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2911-2922
Author(s):  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
◽  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Franciele Mariani ◽  
Gerarda Beatriz da Silva Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Plant growth analysis is useful for determining adequate management practices and exploring the maximum yield potential of cultivars or hybrids. Canola hybrids with resistance to herbicides have been studied and registered for Brazilian conditions, as they improve weed management in canola crops. This study evaluated the growth of canola hybrids resistant to triazine or imidazolinone herbicides compared to a sensitive hybrid. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a bifactorial scheme using three hybrids and six sampling times. The canola hybrids used were Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinones), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazines), and Hyola 61 (sensitive to both herbicides). Height, leaf area, and dry matter of roots, leaves, stems, and shoots of the plants were evaluated at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 119 days after emergence (DAE). The physiological indices absolute growth rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and net assimilation rate were calculated, and yield indices evaluated. Compared to Hyola 61, the Hyola 555TT hybrid showed lower values of leaf dry matter at 70 DAE, absolute growth rate up to 56 DAE, and net assimilation rate at 14 and 28 DAE, and a higher leaf area ratio at 56 DAE, whereas the hybrid Hyola 571CL presented lower leaf area and lower leaf dry matter at 70 DAE. At flowering, compared to Hyola 61, the hybrid Hyola 571CL presents lower leaf area, and the hybrids Hyola 555TT and Hyola 571CL have lower leaf dry matter accumulation. Differences in the growth of canola hybrids Hyola 555TT, Hyola 571CL and Hyola 61 do not cause differences in their grain yield.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Growth of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Exposed by Aluminum Toxicity and Silica as an Amelioration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 015
Author(s):  
Satiti Ratnasari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Didik Indradewa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth Activity

Aluminum (Al) contained in acidic soil could become an obstacle for plant growth. The Al toxicity could inhibit root growth, water and nutrient absorption. One of the solution to overcome Al toxicity was by applying Silica (Si). The aim of this research was to study the impacts of Al to the growth activity of oil palm and to know the effects of Si to the growth activity of oil palm contaminated by Al. The factorial treatments were arranged in a complete random design with two factors. The first factor was Al toxicity, i.e. with and without Al, while the second factor was the application of Si that consisted of four levels (0, 32, 64, 96 gram per plant). some of variables included leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf area, net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth ratio (RGR), plant height, and plant dry weight were observed. The result showed that Al toxicity decreased the LAR, leaf area, NAR, RGR, plant height, and plant dry weight. The application of Si 32 gram per plant increased leaf area ratio and was not significantly different from the application of 96 gram Si per plant. However, the application of Si to oil palm contaminated with Al did not affect to relative grow rate, but its application to normal plant would increase the relative growth ratio.

Key variable for simulating critical nitrogen dilution curve of wheat: Leaf area ratio-driven approach

Pedosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-474
Author(s):  
Ke ZHANG ◽  
Jifeng MA ◽  
Yu WANG ◽  
Weixing CAO ◽  
Yan ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Dilution Curve ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Nitrogen Dilution
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