Microbial processes and fungal community structure in soils from clear-cut and unharvested areas of two mixedwood forests

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
APC Houston ◽  
S Visser ◽  
R A Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
The Impact

Decomposer fungi and microbial processes were examined in harvested and adjacent unharvested areas of two mixedwood forests in northwestern Ontario. Seven to 9 years following harvesting, organic and mineral soil from treated and control areas was sampled with the objective of examining the impact of clear-cutting and site preparation on soil basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (C), metabolic quotients (qCO2), microbial C to organic C ratios (Cmic:Corg), nitrogen mineralization, and fungal community structure. Relative sensitivity of fungal community indices at species and genus levels was also examined. Soil microbial processes and fungal community structure were similar in harvested and unharvested stands. Although reductions were not significant, basal respiration, microbial biomass C, qCO2, Cmic:Corg, and nitrogen mineralization tended to be lower in organic soil from the harvested sites than the unharvested sites, with the exception of qCO2. Fungal community structure indicated by rank abundance curves and indices of fungal richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance was similar in harvested and unharvested soil. When comparing organic and mineral soil layers, fungal richness, diversity, and community composition corresponded more closely in the harvested sites than unharvested sites. The isolation frequencies of all frequently found fungal species were equivalent in harvested and unharvested soil. In this study, identifying fungi to the genus level instead of the species level did not alter any major conclusions.Key words: harvesting, fungal community, microbial processes.

Response of microbial processes and fungal community structure to vegetation management in mixedwood forest soils

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2002-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
APC Houston ◽  
S Visser ◽  
R A Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Decomposer Fungi

Previous research to determine the impacts of harvesting and site preparation on microbial processes and decomposer fungi in mixedwood forests indicated that effects were minimal. As an extension to this research, the present study was conducted to evaluate if microbial processes and decomposer fungi were sensitive to manual or chemical vegetation management in addition to harvesting and site preparation. The impact of vegetation management on microbial processes and decomposer fungi was examined in organic and mineral soil from harvested sites in northwestern Ontario. Three vegetation management treatments were applied to three clear-cut and prepared sites 2 years prior to the initiation of the study. Four treatments were established within each site: (i) harvested (control), (ii) glyphosate herbicide (Vision®), (iii) triclopyr herbicide (Release®), and (iv) manually operated brushsaws. The objective of the study was to determine the response of basal respiration, microbial biomass C, metabolic quotients (qCO2), microbial carbon : soil organic carbon ratio (Cmic/Corg), nitrogen mineralization, and fungal community structure to vegetation management by chemical and manual means. Relative to the harvested control, vegetation management had no significant impact on fungal community structure as evidenced through rank abundance curves and indices of fungal community richness, diversity, evenness, or dominance. Although the abundances of the majority of fungal species were not impacted by vegetation management, herbicide and brushsaw use decreased the isolation frequencies of Mortierella vinacea (Dixon-Stewart) and Paecilomyces carneus (Duché and Heim) Brown and Smith, respectively. Occurrence of Paecilomyces carneus was significantly greater in the organic soil than in the mineral soil of the harvested control, but this difference was not detectable in the blocks that had undergone vegetation management. Two years after vegetation management was imposed there were no detectable effects on basal respiration, microbial biomass C, qCO2, Cmic/Corg, or nitrogen mineralization in either the organic or mineral soil layers as compared with measurements made in the harvested control plots.Key words: harvesting, herbicide, brushsaw, fungal community, microbial processes.

scholarly journals Soil fungal community structure and seasonal diversity following application of organic amendments of different quality under maize cropping in Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258227
Author(s):  
Tonny P. Tauro ◽  
Florence Mtambanengwe ◽  
Shensi Mpepereki ◽  
Paul Mapfumo
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
The Impact

Recent advocacy for Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) in smallholder farming systems in east and southern Africa show substantial evidence of increased and sustained crop yields associated with enhanced soil productivity. However, the impact ISFM on soil fungi has received limited attention, yet fungi play key roles in crop growth. Following total soil DNA extraction with ZR soil microbe miniprep kit, illumina sequencing was used to, examine the fungal communities (ITS1F) under a maize crop following co-application of organic nutrient resources including Crotalaria juncea, cattle manure and maize stover with inorganic fertilizers at three-time periods (T1-December, T2-January, and T3-February) in Zimbabwe. Ninety-five fungal species were identified that were assigned to Ascomycota (>90%), Basidiomycota (7%) and Zygomycota (1%). At T1, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified across treatments, with Ascomycota attaining > 93% frequency. Fungal succession was noted and involved reduction of Ascomycota coupled by increase in Basidiomycota under the different treatments. For example at T3, Basidiomycota increased to 34% while Ascomycota declined to 66% under manure but remained unchanged in other two organics. Pre-season mineral nitrogen (N) associated with the ‘Birch effect’ apparently influenced the fungal community structure at T1 while readily available fertilizer N was critical at T2 and T3. The low-quality maize stover promoted the presence of Exophiala sp SST 2011 and this was linked to N immobilization. The impact of N addition was more pronounced under medium (manure) to low-quality (maize stover) resources. Fungi required phosphorus (P) and N for survival while their proliferation was dependent on substrate availability linked to resource quality. Interactive-forward test indicated that soil available P and N were most influential (P < 0.05) factors shaping fungal communities. Co-application of medium to high quality organic and inorganic resources show promise as a sustainable entry point towards enhancing belowground fungal diversity critical in driving nutrient supply.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cu applications in two contrasting soils—effects on soil microbial activity and the fungal community structure

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina M. Keiblinger ◽  
Martin Schneider ◽  
Markus Gorfer ◽  
Melanie Paumann ◽  
Evi Deltedesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Abundance

AbstractCopper (Cu)-based fungicides have been used in viticulture to prevent downy mildew since the end of the 19th century, and are still used today to reduce fungal diseases. Consequently, Cu has built up in many vineyard soils, and it is still unclear how this affects soil functioning. The present study aimed to assess the short and medium-term effects of Cu contamination on the soil fungal community. Two contrasting agricultural soils, an acidic sandy loam and an alkaline silt loam, were used for an eco-toxicological greenhouse pot experiment. The soils were spiked with a Cu-based fungicide in seven concentrations (0–5000 mg Cu kg−1 soil) and alfalfa was grown in the pots for 3 months. Sampling was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the study period to test Cu toxicity effects on total microbial biomass, basal respiration and enzyme activities. Fungal abundance was analysed by ergosterol at both samplings, and for the second sampling, fungal community structure was evaluated via ITS amplicon sequences. Soil microbial biomass C as well as microbial respiration rate decreased with increasing Cu concentrations, with EC50 ranging from 76 to 187 mg EDTA-extractable Cu kg−1 soil. Oxidative enzymes showed a trend of increasing activity at the first sampling, but a decline in peroxidase activity was observed for the second sampling. We found remarkable Cu-induced changes in fungal community abundance (EC50 ranging from 9.2 to 94 mg EDTA-extractable Cu kg−1 soil) and composition, but not in diversity. A large number of diverse fungi were able to thrive under elevated Cu concentrations, though within the order of Hypocreales several species declined. A remarkable Cu-induced change in the community composition was found, which depended on the soil properties and, hence, on Cu availability.

scholarly journals Impact of Eukaryotic Enteric Pathogens on Malian Children’s Gut Mycobiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Kodio ◽  
Estelle Menu ◽  
Safiatou Doumbo ◽  
Drissa Coulibaly ◽  
Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
The Impact

Eukaryotic enteric pathogens (EEP) are a public health issue in tropical areas. Yet, their interactions with the gut mycobiota remain poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Malian children to analyze the impact of EEP on the gut fungal community. EEP were assessed by qPCR and the gut mycobiota was characterized by ITS1-2 metabarcoding in stool samples collected from 296 children. The 100 controls, in whom no EEP was detected, were compared to: a) 196 children with &ge;1 EEP; b) 91 with only Blastocystis; c) 35 with only Giardia intestinalis; and d) 12 with another (&amp;lt;1% each) EPP. The gut fungal community structure was homogenous in each children&rsquo;s group. Linear size-effect discriminant analysis highlighted five relatively more abundant species, including Fusarium longipes and Penicillium caseifulvum, in children with &ge;1 EEP, whereas 28, including Aspergillus sydowii and Microdochium colombiense were more abundant in controls. Fusarium, Pyxidiophora, and Stereum abundance was higher in Blastocystis-infected children, whereas Ogataea and Allocryptovalsa were more abundant in controls. Sordariales and Mortierellales abundance was higher in Giardia intestinalis-infected children, whereas Agaricales and Capnodiales abundance was higher in controls. In conclusion, EEP do not significantly alter the gut fungal community structure, and further studies are warranted to confirm our findings that particular taxa are associated with susceptibility or resistance to specific EEP.

Effects of Short-term Application of Moutai Lees Biochar on Nutrients and Fungal Community Structure in Yellow Soil of Guizhou

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yanling Liu ◽  
Quanquan Wei ◽  
Jiulan Gou
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

Abstract In order to realize the resource utilization of Guizhou sauce-flavor distiller's grains and the improvement of yellow soil fertility, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of short-term application of vinasse biochar on soil nutrients and the diversity of fungal community structure by setting five biochar dosages of 0% (MB0), 0.5% (MB0.5), 1.0% (MB1.0), 2.0% (MB2.0), and 4.0% (MB4.0). The results showed that the application of lees biochar increased the pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium N (AN), nitrate N (NN), available phosphorus and available potassium of the yellow soil to varying degrees, but decreased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) by 12.36%-26.49% and 34.10%-59.95% respectively. The application of lees biochar significantly reduced the number of fungal OTUs and community diversity. Compared with MB0 treatment, the application of lees biochar significantly changed the structure of the fungal community. The relative abundances of Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Chlorophyta were all increased in varying degrees, but the relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly reduced by 23.86%-29.06%. At the same time, the application of lees biochar also increased the relative abundance of some functional bacteria, such as Mortierella and Chaetomium, and reduced the relative abundance of some pathogenic bacteria, such as Aspergillus and Fusarium. In addition, the results of redundant analysis showed that SOM, AN and NN were the main environmental factors that affect the change of yellow soil fungal community structure. In summary, the short-term application of lees biochar can increase the nutrient content of soil, change the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities, and also can reduce the relative abundance of some pathogenic bacteria, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful plant pathogens.

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