Toxicity tests in eight species of Chrysochromulina (Haptophyta)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Simonsen ◽  
Øjvind Moestrup
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
Unialgal Culture ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Blooms of the marine flagellate Chrysochromulina have resulted in mortality of marine organisms in Scandinavian waters, including fish in aquaculture. Eight species of Chrysochromulina, namely C. apheles, C. brevifilum, C. ericina, C. hirta, C. leadbeateri, C. parva, C. polylepis, and C. simplex, isolated into unialgal culture, were examined for haemolytic activity and toxicity to the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Haemolytic fractions were obtained from all species, but only C. polylepis cells were toxic to Artemia. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis in chloroform –methanol–water (75:25:4) and in chloroform–methanol (9:1) yielded up to six haemolytic spots. Except for one spot, these all occurred in extracts of the species examined, including Isochrysis sp., which was used as a control, C. polylepis, and the well-known fish killer Prymnesium parvum. The single unique haemolytic spot (Rf values 0.45 and 0.16 in solvents I and II, respectively) occurred in the extract from C. polylepis. When isolated by TLC, the contents of the single spot were toxic to Artemia. Key words: Chrysochromulina, toxicity, haemolytic, Artemia, thin-layer chromatography (TLC).

scholarly journals TLC analysis of some phenolic compounds in kombucha beverage

2004 ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomir Malbasa ◽  
Eva Loncar ◽  
Ljiljana Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tea Fungus ◽  
Natural Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Black and green tea contains a wide range of natural phenolic compounds Flavanoids and their glycosides, catechins and the products of their condensation, and phenolic acids are the most important. Kombucha beverage is obtained by fermentation of tea fungus on black or green tea sweetened with sucrose. The aim of this paper was to investigate the composition of some phenolic compounds, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, myricetin, gallic and tanic acid, and monitoring of their status during tea fungus fermentation. The method used for this study was thin layer chromatography with two different systems. The main phenolic compounds in the samples with green tea were catechin and epicatechin, and in the samples with black tea it was quercetin.

scholarly journals Profile of Thin-Layer Chromatography and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry of Akar Kuning Stem Extract (Arcangelisia flava)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama ◽  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Evi Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

This study aims to obtain the profile of Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry from ethanol extract of akar kuning stems (Arcangelisia flava) from Central Kalimantan. The TLC method is used with the orientation phase of the combination of polar-non-polar solvents resulting from orientation, while ethanol is used as the solvent for UV-Vis spectrophotometers. TLC results showed the formation of 3 stains on a combination of polar solvents chloroform : methanol : water while in a non-polar solvent combination n-hexane : ethyl acetate did not show any stains. Comparison of retention factor (Rf) values show the best combination of polar solvents to separate stains at a ratio of 5 : 2 : 1, respectively. Separation in 2-dimensional TLC with polar solvents showed a similar pattern with 1-dimensional separation in the form of 3 stains. UV-Vis spectrophotometer results showed 4 main peaks with wavelength 227.2; 267.4; 345.2; and 425.3 nm, respectively. The profile of the peak formed is very similar to that shown by berberine, one of the main metabolites of akar kuning. TLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometers profiles obtained are expected to support further research using akar kuning stems, especially those from Central Kalimantan.

Standardization of Homoeopathic Mother Tincture of Strychnous nux vomica with the help of High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and correlation of its alkaloid markers with its Toxicological action

2021 ◽  
pp. 4203-4206
Author(s):  
Dharmendra B. Sharma ◽  
Parth Aphale ◽  
Vineet Sinnarkar ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Asha Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Aluminium Sheets ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Dark Blue

Background: Chromatography is one of the important laboratory technique in which the components of a mixture are separated on an adsorbent in order to analyze, identify, purify and quantify a mixture. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)is used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography is a sophisticated and automated form of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The procedure simultaneously processes the sample and standard that results in better analytical precision and accuracy at a faster pace. Pharmacological/ Toxicological action of Nux Vomica is because of its active principles present in the seeds namely strychnine, brucine etc. This research paper aims to corelate the active principles present in Nux Vomica with the toxicological action of the same. Materials and Methods: 1. Standard Nux Vomica mother tincture was tested for its alkaloid markers and its correlation with the toxicological action was studied. 2. Analysis of the mother tincture was done using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. 3. Stationary phase consisted of TLC Aluminium sheets with silica gel 60 F253 pre-coated layer (20cm x 10cm), thickness-0.2mm, no. of tracks-18, band length-6mm. 4. Mobile Phase consisted of Chloroform: Methanol (9.5:0.5). 5. The plate was developed in developing chamber and observed under U.V. Light. Results: Colours seen on the HPTLC Plates of samples are greenwhich corresponds to strychnine, dark blue which corresponds to brucine, orange to alkaloids fluorescent green to sterols and pink to fatty acids which are evident on the chromatogram. Conclusion: Therapeutic action of Nux Vomica as noted in Homoeopathic Materia Medica is because of the active principles like strychnine, brucine, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids present in it which is evident from the chromatogram.

EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF AFLATOXIN ON BRICK CHEESE1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Shih ◽  
E. H. Marth
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Brick cheese was placed in plastic containers and all surfaces except the top were sealed with wax. The top was inoculated with Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus and cheese was incubated in a humid chamber at 7.2, 12.8, and 23.9 C for up to 14 weeks after mold growth was evident. After incubation each cheese was cut horizontally into four layers, each approximately 1 cm thick. Each layer of cheese was extracted with a monophasic-biphasic solvent system (chloroform, methanol, and water). The extract was purified, concentrated, and aflatoxins were measured by thin-layer chromatography and fluorometry. No aflatoxins were produced by either mold at 7.2 C. At 12.8 C, A. parastticus developed aflatoxins B1 and G1 after 1 week of incubation. Aflatoxin produced by this mold persisted through 4 weeks of storage and then was not detectable. Aspergillus flavus did not form aflatoxin at 12.8 C. Both molds produced aflatoxin on cheese at 23.9 C; A. parasiticus did so after 1 week and A. flavus after 14 weeks. In some instances, aflatoxin was found in cheese 4 cm from the surface. It is reasonable to assume that cheese will not become contaminated with aflatoxin if the food is held at or below 7 C.

Analysis of Dairy Products for Chlorinated Insecticide Residues by Thin Layer Chromatography

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-800
Author(s):  
William A Moats
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
One Step ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Butterfat and milk samples were analyzed for chlorinated insecticides by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on aluminum oxide or silica gel plates containing a small amount of silver nitrate. The adsorbent was washed with distilled water before preparing the plates. A one-step cleanup on a partially inactivated Florisil column was performed prior to TLC analysis. For color development, the TLC plates were sprayed lightly with hydrogen peroxide to suppress possible interference from fat and then steamed before exposure to ultraviolet light to accelerate and intensify the color reaction. Rf values for a number of solvent systems on aluminum oxide and silica gel plates are given. With this procedure, 0.05 μg or less of insecticide can be detected in a 0.4 g butterfat sample or the extract from 10 ml milk.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PIGMENTS PRODUCED BY KOCURIA SP BRI 36: INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Mulik ◽  
Priyanka Kumbhar ◽  
Rama Bhadekar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Orange Pigment ◽  
Maximum Stability ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: To study the production of pigments by Kocuria sp. BRI 36, their characteristics and influence of heavy metals on pigments.Methods: The effects of various physical and chemical parameters on pigments production by Kocuria sp. BRI 36 were examined. Pigments were extracted and partially characterised by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cd 2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ were studied on pigment production. Antimicrobial activity and stability studies of crude pigment were also conducted.Results: Kocuria sp. BRI 36 isolated from cold oceanic region maximally produced red-orange pigment in presence of glucose (5% w/v) and protease peptone (0.2% w/v) at pH 7.5, 10±1 °C. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed the occurrence of three different compounds in the crude pigment belonging to carotenoid and xanthophyll group. Metals like Ni2+ and Cr3+ adversely affected pigment production while Pb2+and Cd2+enhanced the yield. The significant features of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigment are i) antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, ii) maximum stability at pH 7.5 and 10±1 °C and iii) ~38% color loss at 50±1 °C in 5 h.Conclusion: Our results suggest application potential of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigments in various biotechnological fields.

The polar lipids and free sugars of Frankia in culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2834-2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Lopez ◽  
Carol S. Whaling ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Cyanobacterium Anabaena ◽  
The Media ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

To further the identification of characteristics common to Frankia strains, the phospholipids and sugars which are readily extracted with chloroform–methanol from whole cells were examined using nine strains of Frankia. Separation of extract components was achieved by thin-layer chromatography. In agreement with previous reports we have identified two phospholipids, phosphatidyl inositol and diphosphatidyl glycerol, in eight of the strains tested. All strains contained a glucose disaccharide which we have tentatively identified as trehalose on the basis of (i) comparative thin-layer and paper chromatography with standards, (ii) examination of the hydrolyzed product, and (iii) tests for reducing versus nonreducing sugars. In addition, a hexose with the chromatographic properties of glucose was observed in cultures grown on M6B complex medium. The presence of the phospholipids in Frankia strains was not affected by the age of the culture or the media on which they grew. However, the disaccharide was not present in cultures over 60 days of age, suggesting it is involved in metabolic processes. In addition, comparisons were made between extracts from Frankia and the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis to determine if the glycolipids which are unique to Anabaena heterocysts are present in Frankia. These two organisms appear to have an unidentified lipid in common, but glycolipids comparable with those in Anabaena were not found in the Frankia cultures examined.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA EKSTRAK ALGA MERAH (Eucheuma cottonii) TERHADAP LARVA UDANG Artemia salina LEACH

ALCHEMY ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noer Mardlatillah Sharo ◽  
Rachmawati Ningsih ◽  
Ahmad Hanapi ◽  
Ahmad Nasichuddin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

<p><em>Eucheuma cottonii</em> is a multicellular algae (multicellular) that have bioactive compounds used in medicine, such as anticancer. The purpose of this research is to know the level of toxicity of the crude extract of ethanol and n-hexane red algae (<em>Eucheuma cottonii</em>) against larvae of shrimp <em>A</em><em>. salina</em> Leach and to know the active compounds contained in crude extracts of ethanol and n-hexane red algae (<em>Eucheuma cottonii</em>).</p><p>This research was conducted with the maceration extraction continuing by test toxicity against the shrimp larvae of <em>A</em><em>. salina</em> Leach (BSLT). The result of the toxicity test then proceeds with the test reagents and phytochemicals with thin layer chromatography for positive test of compound phytochemicals. Thin-layer chromatography using eluen n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7: 3) to ethanol extract and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (17: 3) for n-hexane extract. Data on toxicity of <em>A. salina Leach</em><em> </em>analyzed by probit analysis to find out the value of LC<sub>50</sub> on each extract.</p><p>The results of this research indicate that each of the rough red algae extract (<em>Eucheuma cottonii</em>) by using a solvent of ethanol and n-hexane have toxicity values (LC<sub>50</sub>) of shrimp larvae of <em>A</em><em>. salina</em> Leach consecutive 58,0128 ppm and 61,7571 ppm. Active compounds content of Phytochemical test results i.e. triterpenoid (ethanol extract) and steroids (n-hexsane extract). The TLC triterpenoid obtained 7 stains, and the results obtained steroids 8 TLC stains.</p>

scholarly journals KAJIAN FRAKSI METANOL DARI EKSTRAK METILEN DIKLORIDA KULIT KAYU BATANG PELAWAN (Tristania whitiana Griff.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

Molekul ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Purwantiningsih Sugita
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
The Third ◽  
The One ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Antibacterial compound from methanol fraction of methylene dichloride extract of pelawan bark had been studied. Pelawan bark was extracted using ethanol 95% and CH2Cl2-water (1:1), respectively. Extract of CH2Cl2 was partitioned using hexane-methanol 90% (1:1). Afterwards, methanol fraction was analyzed by thin layer chromatography methods to find the best eluent for column chromatography. The best eluent came from mixture of acetone-chloroform-methanol (0,6:4:0,4). The fractionation yielded 16 fractions with the first (M1) and the third (M5) fractions became the one spotted fractions. M1 and M5 fractions were examined for their antibacterial activity using paper diffusion methods by determining minimum inhibitory concentration value. M1 fraction showed greater activity than M5 fraction with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 2,7857 mg/mL. The result of phytochemistry test showed that both fractions contain terpenoid.

TELAAH FITOKIMIA KULIT KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea, L).

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Rizki Nisfi Ramdhini ◽  
Isna Mulyani ◽  
Syaikhul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Peanut peel are a waste product of the peanut processing industry with little commercial value. Some of studies have been conducted indicating peanut peel can be beneficial as a source for traditional medicinal products since it is also rich of antioxidants. The aim of this research was to identify the content of secondary metabolites on the peanut peel. The method used was maseration with 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening and assaying were performed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The results of TLC analysis showed that the secondary metabolites in peanut peel were positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and quinon. Keywords: Peanut peel, Phytochemical, Thin-Layer chromatography (TLC)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document