Accumulation of free proline in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) pollen

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lansac ◽  
C. Y. Sullivan ◽  
B. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Suboptimal temperatures cause grain yield reductions generally associated with low seed-set in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Low proline concentration in pollen has been associated with cold-induced male sterility. This study was done to (i) determine free proline concentrations in grain sorghum pollen after low temperature exposure, (ii) determine the relationship between seed-set and proline concentration in pollen, and (iii) determine the association of proline concentration in pollen with grain yield in sorghums of different maturity. Eleven sorghum genotypes, grown in a greenhouse at 27/22 °C (day/night) until the early boot stage were transferred to 20/10 °C in growth chamber until physiological maturity. Concentration of proline in pollen was determined at anthesis and related to seed number and grain yield. Proline concentrations in pollen increased from 19 to 36 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. to 30 to 49 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. at low temperatures. Seed number and grain yield were reduced by low temperature in most of the genotypes. Percent seed-set in male sterile lines was significantly correlated (r = 0.45**) with free proline concentrations in the pollen from 13 fertile hybrids grown under cold or control conditions. Higher concentrations of proline in pollen under cool and also control temperatures seemingly contribute to greater pollen viability in grain sorghum. In 21 sorghum hybrids grown under control temperatures, seed number per panicle was found correlated (r = 0.42*) to free proline concentrations in pollen. Genotypic differences in pollen proline concentration were not associated with differences between maturity groups. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, pollen, free proline, low temperatures, seed-set, grain yield.

GENETIC VARIABILITY OF YIELD IN F2 POPULATIONS OF GRAIN SORGHUM SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
C. R. Reddy ◽  
George H. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Plant-to-plant genetic variability was estimated for F2 grain yield from 10 sorghum populations. The higher-yielding parents tended to produce greater genetic variability in F2, with larger population means, possibly because of the accumulation of desirable genes. The genetic variability in most populations did not seem to be sufficient for effective selection as evidenced by the ratio between estimated genetic and environmental variances. Incorporating diverse exotic materials in the current germplasm is suggested. Using heritability without examining the magnitudes of genetic and environmental variance components may be misleading in certain cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Sorghums, Selfed and Crossed to Three Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Lines

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
D. E. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
High Test

Seven grain sorghum lines (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) selected from the Sorghum Conversion Program (SCP) and their F1 hybrids from crosses with CK-60, Martin, and Redlan were evaluated. Days to midflower, height, rust (Puccinia purpurea Ckd.) reaction, number of heads/plot, test weight, threshing percentage, and grain yield were rated or measured. The seven lines when selfed were, in general, the latest to reach midf lower. Four height groups were observed; the taller hybrids were the result of the complementary effect of different height factors in the parents. Rust ratings ranged from 2.9 to 4.9; F1 hybrids Martin x 4, Martin x 7, and Redlan x 7 were the most susceptible to rust. Generally, sorghums with a high grain yield also had a high test weight and thresh ing percentage. The grain yield ranged from 1,866 to 4,261 kg/ha. Mean yields were, on the average, 26% higher for F1 hybrids than for their respective male parents. A 67% heterosis for grain yield was observed in two crosses invo lving Martin and Redlan female parents.

Relationship between lodging, certain morphological characters and yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Esechie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

SUMMARYStudies were conducted in two consecutive years at Mead, Nebraska, to investigate the relationship between lodging, certain morphological characters and grain yield of sorghum.Morphological characters correlated with lodging were plant height, length of prepeduncle internode and rind thickness. Lodging was negatively correlated with number of days from sowing to 50% bloom and grain yield but was not correlated with grain weight of the head.

Effect of herbicides on black pigweed and sesbania pea, and yields of five grain sorghum cultivars in central Queensland

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
SR Walker ◽  
WH Hazard ◽  
AF Mich ◽  
BA Silver
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
General Control ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Six experiments were conducted in central Queensland to compare the efficacy of some post-emergence herbicides and mixtures in controlling black pigweed (Trianthema portulacastrum) and sesbania pea (Sesbania cannabina). The herbicides tested were atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram plus 2,4-D, and fluroxypyr and mixtures of atrazine with 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram plus 2,4-D, fluroxypyr or tridiphane. In addition, 4 experiments were conducted to assess the tolerance of 5 sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor) to some of these individual herbicides and atrazine mixtures. Small black pigweed and sesbania pea (< 10 cm diameter) were controlled with atrazine at 1.0 kg a.i./ ha, while for larger black pigweed (up to 15 cm diameter) atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha and atrazine mixtures were effective and for sesbania pea (up to 12 cm high) atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha, picloram plus 2,4-D at 35 + 140 g a.i./ha, fluroxypyr at 0.3 kg a.i./ha and atrazine mixtures were effective. In general, control of both weeds by mixtures with atrazine at 1.0 kg/ha was as effective as atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha alone. In the tolerance experiments the treatments were applied at 18-20 days after planting when the number of sorghum leaves was 4-6. Spraying with 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, picloram plus 2,4-D and atrazine mixtures with 2,4-D, dicamba and picloram plus 2,4-D consistently caused injury symptoms, delayed flowering and sometimes reduced grain yield. However, the susceptibility of sorghum to these treatments varied with seasons and cultivars. Overall, yield reductions were less when 2,4-D, dicamba and MCPA were applied at lower rates in the atrazine mixtures than when applied alone. All sorghum cultivars were tolerant of atrazine at 4.5 kg/ha. For effective control of both weeds, for crop safety and for minimum atrazine residues after harvest, we recommend that the weeds black pigweed and sesbania pea be sprayed when less than 10 cm in diameter or height, respectively, with atrazine at 1.0 kg/ha.

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