Effect of herbicides on black pigweed and sesbania pea, and yields of five grain sorghum cultivars in central Queensland

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
SR Walker ◽  
WH Hazard ◽  
AF Mich ◽  
BA Silver
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
General Control ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Six experiments were conducted in central Queensland to compare the efficacy of some post-emergence herbicides and mixtures in controlling black pigweed (Trianthema portulacastrum) and sesbania pea (Sesbania cannabina). The herbicides tested were atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram plus 2,4-D, and fluroxypyr and mixtures of atrazine with 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram plus 2,4-D, fluroxypyr or tridiphane. In addition, 4 experiments were conducted to assess the tolerance of 5 sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor) to some of these individual herbicides and atrazine mixtures. Small black pigweed and sesbania pea (< 10 cm diameter) were controlled with atrazine at 1.0 kg a.i./ ha, while for larger black pigweed (up to 15 cm diameter) atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha and atrazine mixtures were effective and for sesbania pea (up to 12 cm high) atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha, picloram plus 2,4-D at 35 + 140 g a.i./ha, fluroxypyr at 0.3 kg a.i./ha and atrazine mixtures were effective. In general, control of both weeds by mixtures with atrazine at 1.0 kg/ha was as effective as atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha alone. In the tolerance experiments the treatments were applied at 18-20 days after planting when the number of sorghum leaves was 4-6. Spraying with 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, picloram plus 2,4-D and atrazine mixtures with 2,4-D, dicamba and picloram plus 2,4-D consistently caused injury symptoms, delayed flowering and sometimes reduced grain yield. However, the susceptibility of sorghum to these treatments varied with seasons and cultivars. Overall, yield reductions were less when 2,4-D, dicamba and MCPA were applied at lower rates in the atrazine mixtures than when applied alone. All sorghum cultivars were tolerant of atrazine at 4.5 kg/ha. For effective control of both weeds, for crop safety and for minimum atrazine residues after harvest, we recommend that the weeds black pigweed and sesbania pea be sprayed when less than 10 cm in diameter or height, respectively, with atrazine at 1.0 kg/ha.

EPISTASIS IN GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870
Author(s):  
G. H. Liang ◽  
A. D. Dayton ◽  
T. L. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Bloom Date ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Epistasis, or interaction between nonallelic genes in grain sorghum (S. bicolor (L.) Moench), was estimated by comparing means of 20 balanced sets of single- and 3-way crosses. Each balanced set consisted of three single crosses and three 3-way crosses derived from three of the six parental varieties used. Results indicated that epistasis was present in nine sets for grain yield, in 13 sets for half-bloom date, and in 11 sets for plant height and for kernel weight. Epistasis seemingly fluctuates over years and locations. On the average, 3-way hybrids yielded less grain, flowered later, and were taller than the single-cross hybrids.

scholarly journals CAPACIDADE COMBINATÓRIA DE LINHAGENS E SELEÇÃO DE HÍBRIDOS DE SORGO GRANÍFERO

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÍCERO BESERRA MENEZES ◽  
CRISLENE VIEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
DOUGLAS CIRINO SALDANHA ◽  
MARCOS PAULO MINGOTE JÚLIO ◽  
KARLA JORGE DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Parental Selection ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Partial Diallel

RESUMO - O objetivo do presente trabalho foi selecionar parentais e híbridos de sorgo granífero para características agronômicas. Foram avaliados 184 cruzamentos oriundos de um dialelo parcial envolvendo 16 linhagens macho-estéreis e 12 restauradoras da fertilidade. Foram realizados 8 experimentos, com 23 híbridos cada e duas testemunhas adicionais (BRS 304 e BRS 330), em blocos casualizados, com duas repetições. Foram avaliadas as características rendimento de grãos, florescimento e altura de plantas. Os efeitos de CGC e CEC foram significativos para as três características, mostrando a importância dos efeitos aditivos e dominantes no controle destes caracteres. O quadrado médio para CGC foi superior ao da CEC. Todos os parentais que contribuíram para aumentar o rendimento de grãos também o fizeram para altura de plantas, exceto pelos parentais femininos CMSXS 1006 e CMSXS 1011, mostrando a dificuldade de dissociar estas duas características. Os híbridos mais produtivos apresentaram altura de plantas acima do recomendado para sorgo granífero, mesmo assim foi possível a seleção de cruzamentos que apresentaram rendimento de grãos acima da média, florescimento abaixo da média e altura dentro do padrão exigido. Dentre estes, pode-se destacar os híbridos CMSXS 1002 x CMSXS 1102, CMSXS 1006 x RTx2907, ATx ARG 1 x SC1155 e CMSXS 1008 x Tx2741.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, seleção de parentais, dialelo, hibridação, melhoramento de plantas. COMBINING ABILITY OF LINES AND SELECTION OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS  ABSTRACT - The purpose of this work was to select grain sorghum lines and hybrids for growing as succession crop. Crosses, coming from a partial diallel involving 16 male sterile lines and 12 restorer lines, were evaluated. Eight experiments were carried out with 23 hybrids each and two additional checks (BRS 304 and BRS 330) in randomize complete blocks design, with two replications and plot of two lines of five meters long. Grain yield, days to flowering and plant height were evaluated. The effects of GCA and SCA were significant, showing the importance of both additive and dominant effects in the control of these traits. The mean square for GCA was well above the SCA, suggesting the importance of parental selection in sorghum. Only the lines CMSXS 1006 and CMSXS 1011 contributed to rise grain yield without increasing the plant height in the hybrids they compose. The most productive hybrids showed plants above 150 cm, however it was still possible to get crossings that had yield above average, cycle below average and plant height within the standard required for grain sorghum. Among these are the hybrids CMSXS 1002 x CMSXS 1102, CMSXS 1006 x RTx2907, ATX ARG 1 x SC1155 and CMSXS 1008 x Tx2741, with high yields and CEC.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, parental selection, diallel, hybridization, crop breeding.

GENETIC VARIABILITY OF YIELD IN F2 POPULATIONS OF GRAIN SORGHUM SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
C. R. Reddy ◽  
George H. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Plant-to-plant genetic variability was estimated for F2 grain yield from 10 sorghum populations. The higher-yielding parents tended to produce greater genetic variability in F2, with larger population means, possibly because of the accumulation of desirable genes. The genetic variability in most populations did not seem to be sufficient for effective selection as evidenced by the ratio between estimated genetic and environmental variances. Incorporating diverse exotic materials in the current germplasm is suggested. Using heritability without examining the magnitudes of genetic and environmental variance components may be misleading in certain cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Sorghums, Selfed and Crossed to Three Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Lines

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
D. E. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
High Test

Seven grain sorghum lines (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) selected from the Sorghum Conversion Program (SCP) and their F1 hybrids from crosses with CK-60, Martin, and Redlan were evaluated. Days to midflower, height, rust (Puccinia purpurea Ckd.) reaction, number of heads/plot, test weight, threshing percentage, and grain yield were rated or measured. The seven lines when selfed were, in general, the latest to reach midf lower. Four height groups were observed; the taller hybrids were the result of the complementary effect of different height factors in the parents. Rust ratings ranged from 2.9 to 4.9; F1 hybrids Martin x 4, Martin x 7, and Redlan x 7 were the most susceptible to rust. Generally, sorghums with a high grain yield also had a high test weight and thresh ing percentage. The grain yield ranged from 1,866 to 4,261 kg/ha. Mean yields were, on the average, 26% higher for F1 hybrids than for their respective male parents. A 67% heterosis for grain yield was observed in two crosses invo lving Martin and Redlan female parents.

Relationship between lodging, certain morphological characters and yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Esechie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

SUMMARYStudies were conducted in two consecutive years at Mead, Nebraska, to investigate the relationship between lodging, certain morphological characters and grain yield of sorghum.Morphological characters correlated with lodging were plant height, length of prepeduncle internode and rind thickness. Lodging was negatively correlated with number of days from sowing to 50% bloom and grain yield but was not correlated with grain weight of the head.

Wild Cane and Forage Sorghum Competition in Grain Sorghum

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Vesecky ◽  
K. C. Feltner ◽  
R. L. Vanderlip
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘RS 671’) was grown during 1969 and 1970 in competition with two other members of the same species, wild cane and Kansas Orange forage sorghum, transplanted at various densities along grain sorghum rows. All densities of wild cane and Kansas Orange significantly reduced both grain and fodder yields of grain sorghum. Grain yield was highly and positively correlated with leaf area, culm length, culms per plant, panicles per culm, seeds per panicle, and amount of light received at the grain sorghum canopy; and grain yield was negatively correlated with plant factors that benefited wild cane and Kansas Orange. Grain yield did not correlate with either plants per hectare or seed weight. Panicle size was most important in determining grain yield. Kansas Orange reduced grain yields more than did wild cane in 1969. During 1970, with less favorable rainfall, grain sorghum responded similarly to both transplanted weed types.

CONSÓRCIO DE SORGO GRANÍFERO COM BRAQUIÁRIAS NA SAFRINHA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE GRÃOS E BIOMASSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRO GUERRA DA SILVA ◽  
CHRISTIANO LIMA LOBO DE ANDRADE ◽  
MARIA MIRMES PAIVA GOULART ◽  
ITAMAR ROSA TEIXEIRA ◽  
GUSTAVO ANDRÉ SIMON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sequential Cropping

RESUMO - O consórcio de sorgo com braquiária é uma técnica de cultivo promissora para produção de grãos e biomassa. No entanto, há carência de informações em relação à escolha de híbridos graníferos para serem consorciados com espécies de braquiária para cultivo nos cerrados. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho é testar híbridos de sorgo granífero em consórcio na linha com diferentes espécies de braquiárias para produção de grãos e biomassa, em dois cortes, na região dos cerrados. O ensaio foi implantado em campo, em Rio Verde-GO, na safrinha de 2010, empregando os híbridos de sorgo BRS 310 e DKB 599 consorciados na linha com as espécies Urochloa brizantha cvs. Marandu, Xaraés e Piatã, U. decumbens e U. ruziziensis, além dos tratamentos adicionais referentes aos monocultivos de sorgo e das espécies de braquiárias. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar que o consórcio de sorgo granífero com espécies de braquiárias afetou a população de plantas e o rendimento de grãos do sorgo, além do perfilhamento da braquiária. Contudo, o consórcio de sorgo e braquiária em safrinha nos cerrados apresentou potencial de adoção para produção de grãos e biomassa na entressafra. Palavras-chave: forragem, rendimento, rebrota, Sorghum bicolor, sucessão de culturas. GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS INTERCROPPED WITH BRACHIARIAS IN OFF-SEASON CULTIVATION TO PRODUCE GRAINS AND BIOMASS  ABSTRACT - The sorghum and Urochloa intercropping is a promising technique to produce grains and biomass. However, there is lack of informations about the choice of grain sorghum hybrids to be intercropped with Urochloa species at Brazilian cerrado. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate grain sorghum hybrids in intercropping at line with different species of Urochloa to produce grain and biomass in two cuts at cerrado region. The experiment was installed in the field, in Rio Verde, State of Goiás, Brazil, in the 2010 off-season cultivation. It was used the grain sorghum hybrids BRS 310 and DKB 599 intercropped at line with the species Urochloa brizantha cvs. Marandu, Xaraés and Piatã, U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis, and the treatments the Urochloa and sorghum monocrops. The results revealed that the grain sorghum intercropped with Urochloa species affected the plant population and grain yield of sorghum crop, beyond the tillering of Urochloa. However, Urochloa and sorghum intercropping in off-season cultivation has the potential adoption at Brazilian cerrado to produce grain and biomass.Keywords: forage, yield, regrowth, Sorghum bicolor, sequential cropping.

Accumulation of free proline in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) pollen

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lansac ◽  
C. Y. Sullivan ◽  
B. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Suboptimal temperatures cause grain yield reductions generally associated with low seed-set in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Low proline concentration in pollen has been associated with cold-induced male sterility. This study was done to (i) determine free proline concentrations in grain sorghum pollen after low temperature exposure, (ii) determine the relationship between seed-set and proline concentration in pollen, and (iii) determine the association of proline concentration in pollen with grain yield in sorghums of different maturity. Eleven sorghum genotypes, grown in a greenhouse at 27/22 °C (day/night) until the early boot stage were transferred to 20/10 °C in growth chamber until physiological maturity. Concentration of proline in pollen was determined at anthesis and related to seed number and grain yield. Proline concentrations in pollen increased from 19 to 36 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. to 30 to 49 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. at low temperatures. Seed number and grain yield were reduced by low temperature in most of the genotypes. Percent seed-set in male sterile lines was significantly correlated (r = 0.45**) with free proline concentrations in the pollen from 13 fertile hybrids grown under cold or control conditions. Higher concentrations of proline in pollen under cool and also control temperatures seemingly contribute to greater pollen viability in grain sorghum. In 21 sorghum hybrids grown under control temperatures, seed number per panicle was found correlated (r = 0.42*) to free proline concentrations in pollen. Genotypic differences in pollen proline concentration were not associated with differences between maturity groups. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, pollen, free proline, low temperatures, seed-set, grain yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document