Mixia osmundae: transfer from the Ascomycota to the Basidiomycota based on evidence from molecules and morphology

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 660-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Nishida ◽  
Katsuhiko Ando ◽  
Yasuo Ando ◽  
Aiko Hirata ◽  
Junta Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Fungal Evolution ◽  
Sporobolomyces Roseus ◽  
Sporidiobolus Johnsonii

To determine phylogenetic placement of Mixia osmundae (T. Nishida) Kramer (Mixiaceae, Protomycetales), we sequenced the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene from M. osmundae IFO-32408 and compared it with that from 4 archiascomycetes (Ascomycota) and 24 basidiomycetes. Our molecular phylogeny indicates that M. osmundae and the basidiomycetes Rhodosporidium toruloides, Leucosporidium scottii, Sporobolomyces roseus, Sporidiobolus johnsonii, Cronartium ribicola, Peridermium harknessii, and Erythrobasidium hasegawianum group together in 100% of bootstrap replicates. The M. osmundae spores on the host fern Osmunda japonica have been regarded as ascospores (i.e., endogenously produced within an ascus), but our light microscopic, SEM, and TEM observations for fresh materials of M. osmundae on O. japonica in Japan clearly demonstrated that these are produced exogenously, blastically, and simultaneously from the sporogenous cell. Evidence from both molecular and morphological characters suggests that M. osmundae is not a member of the ascomycetes and is not related to either the Taphrinales or Protomycetales. Obviously Mixia osmundae is a member of the basidiomycetes and placed within the simple septate basidiomycete lineage. Key words: fungal evolution, basidiomycete phylogeny, Mixia osmundae, Taphrinales, Protomycetales, 18S rRNA.

Small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA gene divergence in the genus Schistosoma

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Johnston ◽  
R. A. Kane ◽  
D. Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
18S Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

SUMMARYAn entire 18S rRNA gene sequence from Schistosoma spindale (1990 bases) and partial 18S rRNA gene sequences from S. haematobium (1950 bases) and S. japonicum (1648 bases) have been determined. Together with the previously published sequence for the S. mansoni 18S rRNA gene, these data encompass the 4 recognized Schistosoma species groups. Although Schistosoma 18S rRNA genes are highly conserved, the sequences permit a preliminary molecular phylogeny to be established for the genus. This identifies S. haematobium and S. spindale as sister taxa in a clade with S. mansoni. S. japonicum does not appear to be closely related to this clade. Much of the observed variation occurs within a ‘hypervariable’ stretch of the gene corresponding to part of the V4 region of 18S rRNA. Despite this variation, the 3 new sequences fit models of 18S rRNA secondary structure predicted from the S. mansoni sequence.The sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the EMBL Database under accession numbers Z11976 (S. haematobium), Z11590 (S. japonicum) and Z11979 (S. spindale).

Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Georgia

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorgadze ◽  
Elena Fanelli ◽  
Manana Lortkhipanidze ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Medea Burjanadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
A New Species

Summary A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema borjomiense n. sp., was isolated from the body of the host insect, Oryctes nasicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli. Morphological characters indicate that the new species is closely related to species of the feltiae-group. The infective juveniles are characterised by the following morphological characters: body length of 879 (777-989) μm, distance between the head and excretory pore = 72 (62-80) μm, pharynx length = 132 (122-142) μm, tail length = 70 (60-80) μm, ratio a = 26.3 (23.0-29.3), H% = 45 (40-51), D% = 54 (47-59), E% = 102 (95-115), and lateral fields consisting of seven ridges (eight incisures) at mid-body. Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. was molecularly characterised by sequencing three ribosomal regions (the ITS, the D2-D3 expansion domains and the 18S rRNA gene) and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that S. borjomiense n. sp. differs from all other known species of Steinernema and is a member of the monticolum-group.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic information of freshwater copepod (Diaptomus sicilis) with special reference to 18S rRNA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gomathi Jeyam Mookkaiah ◽  
Ramanibai Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
The Individual

<p>In the present investigation to isolate freshwater calanoid copepods (<em>Diaptomus sicilis</em>) was characterized and identify the organisms by 18S rRNA sequencing. Plankton samples containing <em>D. sicilis</em> were collected during January 2014 (Post-monsoon) from Madippakkam Lake (12°57'41"N80°11'27"E) Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Immediately after sampling, specimens for genetic analyses were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The total DNA was extracted from the individual copepod <em>D. sicilis</em> using Qiagen Blood tissue kit. The nuclear small subunit 18S rRNA gene was amplified using the Universal primer LCO —1490 (5’-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3’) and HCO-2198 (5’-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3’). PCR products were loaded onto a 1% TAE agarose gel. Sequences were carried out an automated sequencer. The nucleotide sequence of 1282 base pair region of 18S rRNA was determined for D. sicilis. The similarity of sequences of <em>D. sicilis</em> was retrieved by BLASTn pro­gram and maximum identity and E-value was 76% and 0.00, respectively. The PCR products of <em>D. sicilis</em> individuals showed 80% similarity with the partial nuclear small subunit 18S rRNA gene region of other calanoid copepods. Based on molecular data the freshwater Calanoid copepods showed different algorithms and similar types of topologies useful for designing molecular analyses using phylogeny tree construction.Present molecular stud­ies on the relationship of D. sicilis with other freshwater calanoid copepods indicate that this species is close to <em>D. castor</em> followed by <em>D. keniraensis</em><em>.</em></p>

Unusually high numbers of ribosomal RNA genes in copepods (Arthropoda: Crustacea) and their relationship to genome size

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Wyngaard ◽  
I. A. McLaren ◽  
M. M. White ◽  
J.-M. Sévigny
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Rna Genes

We report on copy numbers of 18S ribosomal RNA genes in three species of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda), two of which possess an unusual arrangement in which 5S genes are included within the 18S–5.8S–28S repeat unit. Slot blots of genomic and standard DNA were hybridized with an 18S rRNA gene probe constructed from one of the marine species and hybridization was quantified using chemiluminescence. Diploid 18S rRNA gene copy numbers are estimated as ca. 15 300 and 33 500 in the marine species Calanus finmarchicus (13.0 pg DNA in 2C adult nuclei) and C. glacialis (24.2 pg DNA), respectively, and ca. 840 and 730 in two freshwater populations of Mesocyclops edax (both ca. 3 pg DNA) from Virginia and Nova Scotia, respectively. The roughly proportional relationship between 2C somatic nuclear DNA contents and rRNA gene copy number in the sibling species C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis may reflect polytenic replication of entire genomes during abrupt speciation events. Copy numbers may also reflect differential losses during embryonic chromatin diminution.Key words: rRNA genes, copy number, genome size, Calanus, Mesocyclops.

Identification ofBalanus amphitritelarvae from field zooplankton using species-specific primers

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
Chetan C. Gaonkar ◽  
Lidita Khandeparker ◽  
Dattesh V. Desai ◽  
Arga Chandrashekar Anil
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Specific Pcr

Identification of marine invertebrate larvae using morphological characters is laborious and complicated by phenotypic plasticity.Balanus amphitriteis a dominant barnacle, important in the context of intertidal ecology and biofouling of manmade structures. Morphological identification of barnacle larval forms in a mixed population is difficult because of their intricacy and similarity in size, shape and developmental stages. We report the development and application of a nucleic acid-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the specific identification of the barnacle,B. amphitrite, from the heterogeneous zooplankton sample. This method is reliable and accurate thereby overcoming taxonomic ambiguity. Sequence alignment of the 18S rRNA gene region of selected species of barnacles allowed the design ofB. amphitrite-specific PCR primers. Assay specificity was evaluated by screening DNA obtained from selected species of barnacles. The oligonucleotide primers used in the study flanked a 1600 bp region within the 18S rRNA gene. The primer is specific and can detect as few as 10 individuals ofB. amphitritelarvae spiked in a background of ~186 mg of zooplankton. This technique facilitates accurate identification and the primer can be used as a marker for enumeration ofB. amphitritelarvae in the plankton.

Invalidation of Hyperamoeba by Transferring its Species to Other Genera of Myxogastria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Fiore-Donno ◽  
Akiko Kamono ◽  
Ema E. Chao ◽  
Manabu Fukui ◽  
Thomas Cavalier-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
The Family

The genus Hyperamoeba Alexeieff, 1923 was established to accommodate an aerobic amoeba exhibiting three life stages—amoeba, flagellate, and cyst. As more species/strains were isolated, it became increasingly evident from small subunit (SSU) gene phylogenies and ultrastructure that Hyperamoeba is polyphyletic and its species occupy different positions within the class Myxogastria. To pinpoint Hyperamoeba strains within other myxogastrid genera we aligned numerous myxogastrid sequences: whole small subunit ribosomal (SSU or 18S rRNA) gene for 50 dark-spored (i.e. Stemonitida and Physarida) Myxogastria (including a new ‘‘Hyperamoeba’’/Didymium sequence) and a ca. 400-bp SSU fragment for 147 isolates assigned to 10 genera of the order Physarida. Phylogenetic analyses show unambiguously that the type species Hyperamoeba flagellata is a Physarum (Physarum flagellatum comb. nov.) as it nests among other Physarum species as robust sister to Physarum didermoides. Our trees also allow the following allocations: five Hyperamoeba strains to the genus Stemonitis; Hyperamoeba dachnaya, Pseudodidymium cryptomastigophorum, and three other Hyperamoeba strains to the genus Didymium; and two further Hyperamoeba strains to the family Physaridae. We therefore abandon the polyphyletic and redundant genus Hyperamoeba. We discuss the implications for the ecology and evolution of Myxogastria, whose amoeboflagellates are more widespread than previous inventories supposed, being now found in freshwater and even marine environments.

Identification of new 18S rRNA strains of Babesia canis isolated from dogs with subclinical babesiosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Łyp ◽  
Ł. Adaszek ◽  
B. Furmaga ◽  
S. Winiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Pcr Products

Abstract In this study, we used PCR to detect and characterize B. canis from naturally infected dogs in Poland with subclinical babesiosis by amplifying and sequencing a portion of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Venous blood samples were collected from ten dogs with subclinical babesiosis. A 559-bp fragment of the B. canis 18S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR. Sequencing of the PCR products led to the identification of a new variant of Babesia canis, differing from the previously detected protozoa genotypes (18S rRNA-A and 18S rRNA-B) with nucleotide substitutions in positions 150 and 151 of the tested gene fragment. The results indicate the emergence within the Polish territory of a new, previously unencountered Babesia canis genotype responsible for the development of subclinical babesiosis.

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