A robust fungal phytogeny using the mitochondrially encoded NAD5 protein sequence

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Paquin ◽  
Ingeborg Roewer ◽  
Zhang Wang ◽  
B. Franz Lang

We present a fungal phylogeny based on mitochondrial NAD5 (subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase) protein sequences. The tree topology is well supported by bootstrap analysis and mostly congruent with trees inferred from nuclear sequences, ultrastructural data, or mitochondrial COX1 and COX3 (subunits of the cytochrome oxidase) protein sequences. The NAD5 tree points to (i) an early divergence of the Chytridiomycetes, (ii) an appearance of Zygomycetes prior to the divergence of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, and (iii) Oomycetes as clearly unrelated to fungi. In addition, this analysis predicts a common ancestor of fungi and animals, to the exclusion of green algae and plants. Our results reinforce the view that protein sequences are of high value in the reconstruction of the phylogenetic history of mitochondria. Key words: protein sequences, mitochondria, phylogeny, fungi, Oomycetes.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat M. Abo-Elkhier ◽  
Marwa A. Abd Elwahaab ◽  
Moheb I. Abo El Maaty

The comparison of protein sequences according to similarity is a fundamental aspect of today’s biomedical research. With the developments of sequencing technologies, a large number of protein sequences increase exponentially in the public databases. Famous sequences’ comparison methods are alignment based. They generally give excellent results when the sequences under study are closely related and they are time consuming. Herein, a new alignment-free method is introduced. Our technique depends on a new graphical representation and descriptor. The graphical representation of protein sequence is a simple way to visualize protein sequences. The descriptor compresses the primary sequence into a single vector composed of only two values. Our approach gives good results with both short and long sequences within a little computation time. It is applied on nine beta globin, nine ND5 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5), and 24 spike protein sequences. Correlation and significance analyses are also introduced to compare our similarity/dissimilarity results with others’ approaches, results, and sequence homology.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12174
Author(s):  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
Ran Meng ◽  
Ying Meng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
...  

The CYP75 gene family plays an important role in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Little is known about the evolution of the gene family within the grape family. Here, we extracted the CYP75 genes from transcriptome data of 15 grape species and 36 representative genomes from other plants to explore the evolutionary history of the CYP75 gene family in Vitaceae. The structure of the CYP75 protein sequences is highly conserved with the variation mainly occurring in the N terminal and the middle region. The evolutionary analyses suggested classifying the CYP75 gene family into three groups in Vitaceae, namely Vitaceae A1, Vitaceae A2 and Vitaceae B. The Vitaceae A1 and A2 belong to the CYP75A subfamily and the Vitaceae B belongs to the CYP75B subfamily. Within the Vitaceae A1, most Vitaceae taxa present only one copy of the CYP75A protein sequence except for Vitis vinifera with a high number of sequences, which might have originated through recent gene duplications after its split from the other species. Vitaceae A2 contain only CYP75A sequences from Vitaceae sister to one from Camellia sinensis, probably representing a relict lineage. The CYP75B proteins were found to be dominated in Vitaceae and other angiosperms. Our results provide important insights into understanding the evolutionary history of the CYP75 gene family in Vitaceae and other angiosperms.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mincheva ◽  
Tatiana Peretolchina ◽  
Tatyana Triboy ◽  
Yrij Bukin ◽  
Luybov Kravtsova ◽  
...  

AbstractMolecular phylogeny inferred from rbcL nucleotide sequences obtained from the single sterile filaments of green algae collected around the perimeter of Lake Baikal indicates the polyphyletic origin of the representatives of genus Spirogyra Link., 1820 inhabiting the lake. The common ancestor of all Baikal Spirogyra dates back at least to 20 MYA. This roughly coincides with the age of continuously existing freshwater body in the confines of current Baikal. The descendants of this node include both Baikal and non-Baikal species and thus suggesting a complex history of multiple emigrations and immigrations. There is at least one major lineage of the Baikal Spirogyra in the phylogeny descending uninterruptedly from the common ancestor of all Spirogyra species found so far in the lake. The likely explanation is its permanent presence in the ecosystem. All this allows us to hypothesize that the current bloom is a spectacular but natural response of the Baikal ecosystem to the increased pollution.


Author(s):  
Джээнбүбү Бегеева

Аннотация. В статье анализируется качество переводов рассказов В.Шукшина, осуществленных в середине 70-х годов С. Наматбаевым. Переводоведческий анализ вывил многочисленные стилевые расхождения между оригиналом и переводом. При переводе одного из лучших рассказов Шукшина «Чудик» искажения стиля не передали психологические тонкости рассказа. При переводе рассказа «Дядя Ермолай» философский аспект рассказа выпал, так как переводчик исказил жанровую специфику. Перевод рассказа «Два письма» оказался более качественным по сравнению с предыдущими. Переводчик рассказа «Два письма» сумел приблизиться к оригиналу, расшифровать его основную тональность, воспроизвести атмосферу напряженных поисков истины героем рассказа Николаем Иванычем. Этот перевод оказался более качественно выполненным по сравнению с предыдущим рассказом «Дядя Ермолай». Причину переводческого успеха можно объяснить, прежде всего, доступностью содержания рассказа, да и сам герой не столь сложная и глубокая личность, как повествователь в рассказе о дяде Ермолае. В целом, переводы С.Наматбаева являются своеобраз- ным этапом в переводческом деле. В настоящее время необходимо более полное и глубокое восприятие творчества В.Шукшина и создания новых адекватных переводов. Ключевые слова: качество переводов, стилевые расхождения, психологические тонкости, философский аспект, этапом. Аннотация. Макалада В.Шукшиндин аңгемелеринин кыргыз тилине которуудагы сапаты каралат, котормолор 1970-жылдары котормочу С.Наматбаев аркылуу жаралган. Котормонун сапатына талдоо жүргүзгөндө көпчүлүк каталар табылган, алардын эң олуттуусу стилдердин айырмасы, негизги чыгарма менен котормонун ортосунда. Мисалы, “Чудик” деген аңгеменин психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү жоголуп кеткен. “Ермолай байке” деген аңгемеде жанрдын туура эмес берилишинен жазуучунун негизги ою жоголуп кеткен. “Эки кат” деген аңгеме беркилерге караганда сапаттуу которулган. Котормочу " Эки кат" деген аңгемени оригиналга жакындатып которгон. Башкы каарман Николай Иванычтын изденүүлөрүн, ойлорун, чындыкты табууга аракеттерин Шукшинден кем эмес окуучуларга жеткирген. Котормочунун жетишкендиги аңгеменин түшүнүктүү мазмуну менен түшүндүрсө болот, жана Николай Ивановичтин жөнөкөйлүгү менен. С.Наматбаевдын котормолору каталарына карабастан котормочулук иште алдыга жылуу болгон. Бирок, азыркы заманда сапаттуу котормо жаратууда мезгил келди. Түйүндүү сөздөр: которуудагы сапаты, стилдердин айырмасы, психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү, негизги ою жоголуп. Annotation. The quality of translation of the Shukshins stories is analyzed in the Middle 70- years. By S.Namatbaev. The translation analysis had idenh hed numerous style discrepancies between the original and the translation. The psychological feature of the compasihion were not be hansfered by the translation one the bestand famous story by. V.Shukshin due to distorhion of the style. By the translation of the story “The uncle Ermolai” had full a phisichal aspect of the story, because the translator had distorted the genre specifics. The translation of the stories “Two letters” was wade more qualitative comparated with another stories. Generally, the Namatbaevs translation are a sui generis stage in the translatiobs. We need currently more total and profound perception of the creation by V.Shukshin. The create of the new adeavate translation is the main task. The head of the theory and history of Russian literature department. V. Shukshin’s stories and problems of translation them into Kyrgyz language. This article is analysed the quality of translation of V. Shukshin’s stories, which were written in 70 th with S. Namatbaev. Translation analyse deduced many stylistic variations between translated version and original. There is a misrepresentation, was not transmitted psychological subtleties of the story in translation of one of the best V. Shuk- shin’s story “Wierdo”. Metaphysical dimension is disappeared in translation of the story “Uncle Ermolai”, since translator destort the genre specificity. The translation of the story “Two letters” has been more qualitative in comparison with previous translations. In common, S. Namatbaev’s translation is a genius stage in translation. It needs more full and deep comprehension of S. Shukshin’s work and to establish new suitable translation. Key words: Quality of translation, stylistic variation, psychological subtleties, metaphysical dimension, stage.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Héctor F. Rucinque e Wellington Jiménez

RESUMO Por lo general, los historiadores de la ciencia reconocen la importaocia de Alexander von Humboldt en el desarrollo de la geografía moderna, si bien tal contribución especializada no es claramente desglosada de su multifacética producción científica. Con ocasión del bicentenario de su viaje a la América tropical, el papel de Humboldt en la formulación de las bases de una metodología analítica para la investigación geográfica, y su monumental trabajo sustantivo, lo mismo que su penetrante permanencia e inspiración en la tradición geográfica, deben acreditarse como justificación amplia y suficiente para su título de padre fundador de la geografía científica. Epígrafes: Humboldt, historia de la geografía, geografía moderna, metodología geográfica, exploración científica.ABSTRACT Alexander von Humboldt’s contributions to the development of modern geography are generally ackoowledged by historians of science, though not always stated precisely out of his many-sided scholarly production. On the occasion of the Bicentennial of his voyage to tropical America, Humboldt’s role in setting forth the foundation of an analytical methodology for geography as well as for his monumental substantive work, along with his pervasive and inspiring perrnanence in the geographical tradition, must be recognized as ample justification tu his title as founding father of scientific geography. Key words: Humboldt, history of geography, modern geography, geagraphical methodology, scientific exploration.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (261) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Philippe Blanchet

AbstractThis article presents the set of the central concepts of so-called “Corsican sociolinguistics” mainly elaborated by Marcellesi. It also shows the history of their collective elaboration within Marcellesi’s research center and on the Corsican ground. It aims at showing that they constitute a whole coherent sociolinguistic theory which is useful for many sociolinguistic situations and not only for Corsican.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuwen Cao ◽  
Lianglin Xiong

Precisely classifying a protein sequence from a large biological protein sequences database plays an important role for developing competitive pharmacological products. Comparing the unseen sequence with all the identified protein sequences and returning the category index with the highest similarity scored protein, conventional methods are usually time-consuming. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to build an efficient protein sequence classification system. In this paper, we study the performance of protein sequence classification using SLFNs. The recent efficient extreme learning machine (ELM) and its invariants are utilized as the training algorithms. The optimal pruned ELM is first employed for protein sequence classification in this paper. To further enhance the performance, the ensemble based SLFNs structure is constructed where multiple SLFNs with the same number of hidden nodes and the same activation function are used as ensembles. For each ensemble, the same training algorithm is adopted. The final category index is derived using the majority voting method. Two approaches, namely, the basic ELM and the OP-ELM, are adopted for the ensemble based SLFNs. The performance is analyzed and compared with several existing methods using datasets obtained from the Protein Information Resource center. The experimental results show the priority of the proposed algorithms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Aytac Turab qızı Hüseynova ◽  

The Oil Refinery of Heydar Aliyev was created in July 1953 as a new oil refining plant Baki. The combined atmospheric vacuum plant is the main plant at the oil refining factory and its starting capacity produces 6 million tons of crude oil. In 2010, 43,000 tons A-98, 1.18 tons of A-92 and 19,700 tons of gasoline A-80. At the same time, 600 400t kerosene, 214,000 diesel fuels, 214,000 tons. Liquid gas, 267 500t coke and 220 600t. With this investigation, the history of the oil refinery and the details of modernization were considered. 21 out of 24 types of Azerbaijani oil are processed at the Baku Oil Refinery named after Heydar Aliyev, of which 15 types of oil products, including gasoline, aviation kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil, petroleum coke, etc. are produced. The plant fully meets the needs of the republic in oil products. In addition, 45% of oil products are exported to foreign countries. Key words: Azerbaijani, oil, recycling, factory, modernization


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Nigar Səfxan qızı Məhərrəmova ◽  

The article provides information about the historical review of Azerbaijani carpets and examines its stages. The 16th century is characterized as the Golden Age of Azerbaijani history and culture. The carpet weaving of that time combined the subtlety and wonder of miniature painting, the decorative-plan solution of traditional motifs, a magnificent color palette reflecting all the colors and diversity of nature. Key words: carpet, pattern, color, Islam, miniature painting, sufism, seljuk, component


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Rəna Ağacan qızı Əliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  

Kadi Burhan al-Din was one of the outstanding representatives of medieval Azerbaijani literature. He was the first poet in literature to write in the genre of tuyugh-classical genre of Turkic poetry. His diwan comprises 1,500 ghazals, 119 tuyughs. Not only individual poems of the poet, but all poetry of Kadi Burhan al-Din is very valuable for the history of Azerbaijan literature. Key words: native language, diwan, tuyugh, poetry, poet, literature, medieval


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