Squamanita contortipes, the Rosetta Stone of a mycoparasitic agaric genus

S. A. Redhead; J. F. Ammirati; G. R. Walker; L. L. Norvell; M. B. Puccio

doi:10.1139/b94-223

Squamanita contortipes, the Rosetta Stone of a mycoparasitic agaric genus

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b94-223 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 1812-1824 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. A. Redhead ◽

J. F. Ammirati ◽

G. R. Walker ◽

L. L. Norvell ◽

M. B. Puccio

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Simple Explanation ◽

Gall Formation ◽

Olympic Peninsula ◽

Fungal Biodiversity ◽

Rosetta Stone ◽

Rare Phenomenon ◽

Partial Fertility

Fungal biodiversity studies on the Olympic peninsula, Washington, have uncovered the key to understanding one of the most enigmatic mushroom genera worldwide. Discovery of a mushroom (Squamanita contortipes) on another grossly distorted but identifiable agaric (Galerina sp.), which retained partial fertility and morphology, provides documentation of parasitism and gall formation by the genus Squamanita. This revelation leads to a reinterpretation of all Squamanitas as commingled hosts and parasites and supplies a simple explanation for anatomical mixtures of tissues erroneously cited as evidence linking the Agaricaceae, Tricholomataceae, and Amanitaceae. It also resolves six decades of controversy over the identity or function of enlarged bases that often bear chlamydospores. Parasitism of mushroom fruit bodies by other mushrooms is a rare phenomenon (< 20 reported species globally). With the addition of accepted Squamanita species, the number of known sporophorous parasitic agarics worldwide is increased by one-third and the number of obligate mycoparasitic mushroom genera is doubled. Key words: biodiversity, gall, taxonomy, biology, terminology, chlamydospores, Pacific Northwest, Asterophora.

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A new crab from the late Eocene Hoko River Formation, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: The earliest record of Euphylax (Decapoda: Portunidae)

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000043675 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Torrey G. Nyborg ◽

Ross E. Berglund ◽

James L. Goedert

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

First Record ◽

Late Eocene ◽

Decapod Crustaceans ◽

Olympic Peninsula ◽

Fossil Species ◽

The Pacific ◽

First Occurrence ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

Invertebrate Assemblage

Euphylax feldmanni new species from the late Eocene Hoko River Formation, northwestern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, represents the first occurrence of Euphylax in pre-Oligocene strata, the earliest fossil record for the subfamily Podophthalminae, and the first record of the genus from the eastern North Pacific. This small, aberrant crab is one of 26 described species of decapod crustaceans from an unusual allochthonous invertebrate assemblage of the upper Eocene Hoko River Formation conglomerates at Kydikabbit Point, on the Makah Indian Nation, northwestern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, U.S.A. Species of Euphylax live today in the Pacific Ocean from Baja California south to Peru and Chile, and have been found as fossils from the Pleistocene of Jamaica, the Miocene of Costa Rica, Brazil, and Haiti, and questionably from Malaysia and Japan. The discovery of a fossil species of Euphylax from the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. greatly expands the paleobiogeography of the genus.

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Ophthalmomyiasis in humans

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5277 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 193-195

Author(s):

C Chakraborti ◽

U Mukhopadhya ◽

M Mondal ◽

D Giri ◽

M Khan

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Tropical Medicine ◽

Slit Lamp ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Slit Lamp Examination ◽

Topical Antibiotics ◽

Rare Phenomenon

Background: Ophthalmomyiasis in humans is a rare phenomenon. Objectives: To create awareness among the ophthalmologists regarding larval conjunctivitis. Cases: We report two cases of ophthalmomyiasis, which came to a tertiary care centre with features of unilateral acute catarrhal conjunctivitis. Observations: Fly larvae were detected on slit-lamp examination and removed after immobilizing them with topical 4 % lignocaine. Topical antibiotics and steroid drops were prescribed for 2 weeks. The samples were identified as Oestrous ovis by the entomology department of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. The signs and symptoms regressed within 48 hours. Conclusion: The ocular myiasis can manifest as a unilateral catarrhal conjunctivitis. Key words: Ophthalmomyiasis, Oestrous ovis, conjunctivitis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5277 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011; 3(2): 193-195

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Middle Wisconsin Stratigraphy and Climatic Reconstruction, Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/0033-5894(79)90005-x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 213-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Neville F. Alley

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Vancouver Island ◽

Olympic Peninsula ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Modern Pollen ◽

The Pacific ◽

Vegetation And Climate ◽

Coastal British Columbia ◽

Almost Continuous

Interbedded, organic-rich terrestrial and marine sediments exposed along the eastern coastal lowland of Vancouver Island contain an almost continuous record of middle Wisconsin vegetation and climate. The record has been interpreted largely from palynostratigraphic studies at three sites and supported by a study of modern pollen spectra from the three major biogeoclimatic zones of the extant vegetation. Radiocarbon dates from a variety of organic materials in the middle Wisconsin beds reveal that the fossil pollen spectra span an interval ranging from approximately 21,000 yr B.P. to more than 51,000 yr B.P. The spectra are divided into eight major pollen zones encompassing the Olympia Interglaciation and early Fraser Glaciation geologicclimate units of the Pacific Northwest. The Olympia Interglaciation extended from before 51,000 yr B.P. to ca. 29,000 yr B.P. and was characterized by a climate similar to present. During the early Fraser Glaciation, from 29,000 years ago to approximately 21,000 yr B.P., climate deteriorated until tundra like conditions prevailed. These pollen sequences are correlative with those of coastal British Columbia and partly with those from Olympic Peninsula, but apparently are not comparable with events in the Puget Lowland.

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Modeling the long-term effects of disturbances on forest succession, Olympic Peninsula, Washington

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-010 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 56-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Virginia H. Dale ◽

Miles Hemstrom ◽

Jerry Franklin

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Forest Succession ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Western Hemlock ◽

Forest Composition ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Olympic Peninsula

A model of forest development has been adapted for the Pacific Northwest. The regeneration, growth, and death of individual trees are tracked for simulated 0.2 ha plots and tree attributes are aggregated to provide stand measures. The model includes the influence of temperature, soil moisture, light tolerance, and competition on tree growth. Long-term simulations for Douglas-fir dominated forests on the western Olympic Peninsula show that the stand is eventually dominated by western hemlock with silver fir being codominant. Even after 1200 years of subsequent stand development, silver fir fails to replace western hemlock indicating that this is a self-replicating and stable community. Fire, windthrows, insect disturbance, and clear-cut logging followed by replanting are incorporated into the model as single-event disturbances to a 500-year-old forest. For those cases where large Douglas-fir survive the disturbance, stand biomass and leaf area patterns are not significantly impacted until the death of the last large Douglas-fir. The projections were all carried out to the time when the forest is dominated by western hemlock and silver fir. At that time, the differential effect of the earlier disturbance is not apparent from the forest composition, biomass, or leaf area patterns except for the insect disturbance. Following the removal of all Douglas-fir by an insect, leaf area fluctuates regularly with a period of 600 years.

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Soil seed banks in young, closed-canopy forests of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington: potential contributions to understory reinitiation

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b99-085 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (7) ◽

pp. 922-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Charles B Halpern ◽

Shelley A Evans ◽

Sarah Nielson

Keyword(s):

Exotic Species ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Forest Understory ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Olympic Peninsula ◽

Understory Plants ◽

Closed Canopy

During early stand development, coniferous forests of the coastal Pacific Northwest commonly pass through a period of dense shade and intense competition during which the abundance and diversity of understory plants decline dramatically. In young, managed forests, silvicultural thinning has been proposed to enhance the structural and floristic diversity of the understory. Although germination of buried seeds is likely to be stimulated by thinning, we know little about the composition of the soil seed bank in these forests. We used the greenhouse emergence method to assess the potential contribution of the seed bank to understory reinitiation in 40- to 60-year-old, closed-canopy forests on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Seed banks were well developed (610-7009 germinants/m2), containing 46 native and exotic species representing a diversity of life forms. However, many common forest understory species were absent; only 11 species were typical understory plants and these comprised <10% of all germinants. In contrast, 30% of all species and 50% of all germinants were exotic, ruderal forbs. Wind-dispersed annuals and perennials dominated litter samples, whereas ruderal forbs and graminoids with limited dispersal dominated soil samples. Our results suggest that silvicultural thinning will enhance the establishment of ruderal, exotic species but will contribute little to the regeneration from buried seed of the vast majority of forest understory plants.Key words: canopy closure, forest understory, seed germination, soil seed bank, succession, understory reinitiation.

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