The native rust fungi of Hawaii

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 976-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Comprehensive List

F.L. Stevens (1925. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. No. 19) published the first comprehensive list of fungi in Hawaii, recognizing 7 species of endemic rusts and 10 species probably indigenous. Stevens considered this small number of rusts particularly noteworthy in comparison with the rust floras of other areas with which he was familiar. He ascribed the scarcity to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands from significant land masses. Currently, of the more than 74 rusts in Hawaii, 22 are considered native, of which 13 are endemic and 9 indigenous. The rust flora, like other groups of native organisms of Hawaii, provides interesting examples of biological colonization and adaptation to remote insular environments. Key words: endemic, Hawaii, indigenous, rusts.

Interpreting variability among isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina in pathogenicity, pycnidium production, and chlorate utilization

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1596-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Mihail ◽  
S. J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Tissue Source

One hundred and fourteen isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina from tissue of hosts in the Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae, and from cultivated and noncultivated soils in Somalia (east Africa) and Arizona were tested for pathogenicity, ability to form pycnidia, and chlorate-utilization phenotype. Hyphal interactions of pairs of isolates from noncultivated soils in Somalia and Arizona were examined to address the possibility of genetic reproductive isolation of two geographically separated populations. Isolates from the Poaceae were less pathogenic and formed pycnidia less frequently compared with isolates from dicot host tissue. Chlorate-utilization phenotype was unrelated to host tissue source. However, isolates that infrequently or never produced pycnidia were more likely to have chlorate-sensitive phenotypes. Apparently successful hyphal fusions were observed for 64.3% of confrontations where one isolate was taken from Arizona and one was from Somalia, implying no barrier to genetic interchange at this initial level of interaction. While M. phaseolina is a heterogeneous species that cannot be partitioned into distinct subspecific groups based upon function, it appears that isolates colonizing the Poaceae are more restricted in pathogenicity than the general population. Key words: chlorate utilization, geographic isolation, host specialization, hyphal interactions, Macrophomina phaseolina.

Multinucleate condition of Puccinia striiformis in colonies isolated from infected wheat leaves with macerating enzymes

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chong ◽  
Z. Kang ◽  
W. K. Kim ◽  
R. Rohringer
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Nuclear Number ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Mother Cells

A fluorescence microscopy study was carried out to examine the multinuclear condition in parasitic colonies of one isolate of Puccinia striiformis in leaf tissue of a susceptible wheat. At 5 and 10 days after inoculation, colonies were isolated with macerating enzymes and sequentially stained with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Calcofluor for nuclear counts in the intercellular hyphal cells, haustorium mother cells, and urediniospores. In 10-day-old colonies, more than 98% of the hyphal cells located adjacent to the uredinia were binucleate. Elsewhere in the colonies, the hyphal cells were highly variable in nuclear number; approximately 20% contained two nuclei, 18% contained four, 26% contained six, and 28% contained eight. In 5-day-old colonies, the hyphal cells were also highly variable in nuclear number, regardless of where they were located in the colony. The nuclear condition of haustorium mother cells was less variable; the majority contained either two or four nuclei. All urediniospores examined were binucleate. In the parasitic state, the multinucleate condition apparently occurs only in P. striiformis and not in other cereal rust fungi. Key words: multinucleate condition, stripe rust, Puccinia striiformis, DAPI, Calcofluor.

Agaricales of the Hawaiian Islands. I. Marasmioid fungi: new species, new distributional records, and poorly known taxa

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Desjardin ◽  
George J. Wong ◽  
Don E. Hemmes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Key Words Agaricales

Nine species of marasmioid fungi are described from material collected in the Hawaiian islands: Marasmiellus pacificus, Marasmius pseudobambusinus var. hawaiiensis, and Marasmius radiatus are described as new; Marasmius sp. is described provisionally; Gloiocephala epiphylla, Marasmiellus mesosporus, and Marasmius androsaceus are first reports for the Hawaiian Islands; Marasmius sphaerodermus and Tetrapyrgos nigripes are redescribed based on Hawaiian specimens. Most taxa are illustrated and compared with phenetically similar taxa. This brings the total number of agarics reported from the Hawaiian Islands to 101 taxa, 23% of which are marasmioid fungi. Key words: Agaricales, Hawaiian Islands, marasmioid fungi.

Widespread incidence of double-stranded RNAs of unknown function in rust fungi

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pryor ◽  
M. G. Boelen ◽  
M. J. Dickinson ◽  
G. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Puccinia Sorghi ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Isogenic Strains ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Double-stranded (ds) RNAs were found to be present in 33 of 38 collections of rust fungi, representing 15 species from four genera. This finding suggests that dsRNAs occur commonly in rust fungi. Tests were undertaken to determine the role or phenotype associated with the presence of dsRNAs. Comparisons were made between strains of Puccinia sorghi (maize rust) that had different dsRNAs and two fully isogenic strains of Melampsora lini (flax rust), one with no dsRNA and one with at least 13 dsRNAs. It was concluded that dsRNAs had no obvious effect on pathogen virulence or on growth rate as measured by rate of accumulation of leaf chitin or time to pustule eruption. Also it was demonstrated that the presence of dsRNAs had no effect on the interaction that exists between rusts over short distances in the leaf. Key words: dsRNA, rust, function, incidence.

Climate of the Hawaiian Islands

1899 ◽  
Vol 48 (1234supp) ◽  
pp. 19788-19789
Author(s):  
Albert B. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Hawaiian Islands

Multislice imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Preferential Localization ◽  
Multislice Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Diagnosis

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract (1%). These tumors express the CD 117 in 95% of cases. The stomach is the preferential localization (70%). Diagnosis is difficult and sometimes late. Progress of imaging has greatly improved the management and the prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosis, staging, and treatment follow-up. The increasing recognition of GIST’s histopathology and the prolonged survival revealed some suggestive imaging aspects. Key words: gastro-intestinal stromal tumors; computed tomography; diagnosis

METHODS OF CONSULTING ON STUDYING THE DEGREE OF MOISTURE SUPPLY OF SLOPE LANDS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN AZERBAIJAN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof.RAE Aliev Z.H.
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Ecology ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Clean Technology ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Managerial System

The current information on moisture and the temperature of the ground in managerial system by production to agricultural product necessary, in the first place, for taking the operative decisions at development ecological clean technology irrigation under growing agricultural cultures to achieve the maximum harvest. Key words: aerospace methods, COW, moisture, moisture test, arable, soil, ecology, vafer humidity, drill, graduation, tool, etc.

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