Intraspecific variation in photosynthetic traits of Populus trichocarpa

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Dunlap ◽  
J. H. Braatne ◽  
T. M. Hinckley ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
High Light ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
River Valleys

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate net photosynthesis in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torrey & Gray) from mesic and xeric regions of Washington. In 1986, six clones each from the lower Nisqually (mesic) and Yakima (xeric) river valleys and growing in a common garden were measured for their photosynthetic rates. On 2 clear days in summer, Yakima clones had significantly (p ≤ 0.10) higher rates (means: 32 and 25μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) than Nisqually clones (means: 25 and 22μmol CO2 m−2 s−1). The next year, cuttings from these clones were potted, grown separately for 2 months in a maritime (Puyallup, Wash.) and a continental climate (Wenatchee, Wash.), and then transferred to growth chambers in Seattle, Wash. Photosynthetic rates were determined at four light levels (200, 500, 800, and 1500 μmol m−2 s−1) and two temperatures (24 and 32 °C). Yakima plants had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher rates at high light (20μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) and also at moderate light in high temperature than Nisqually plants (16 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in high light). Significant acclimation (p ≤ 0.01) was also revealed: at the two moderate light levels in high temperatures the Wenatchee-grown plants, regardless of source, had higher rates than those grown at Puyallup. In 1991, eight clones from the lower elevation, xeric region of the Yakima and eight from the upper elevation, mesic region were selected in a Puyallup stoolbed, and their photosynthesis and water-use efficiency were measured on a clear summer day. Lower elevation plants had a higher photosynthetic rate than those from the upper elevations along the Yakima; values were similar to those of 1986. The pattern for water-use efficiency was reversed; values were 56 μmol CO2/mol H2O for the lower and 84 μmol CO2/mol H2O for the upper Yakima plants. These three experiments provide evidence for significant genetic variation in photosynthetic processes both between and within river valleys. Key words: Populus trichocarpa, black cottonwood, poplar, photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, adaptation.

Comparative resource-use efficiencies and growth of Populus trichocarpa and Populus balsamifera under glasshouse conditions

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie M. Pointeau ◽  
Robert D. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Use Efficiency

Amongst other traits, ideal poplar genotypes for afforestation programs would be fast growing and have high resource-use efficiencies. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) are closely related species that together extend over much of the forested area of Canada. Within their respective ranges, however, black cottonwood attains much greater size than balsam poplar. Two populations of each species, each with three replicates of 9–10 genotypes, were grown from stem cuttings for 60 days in a greenhouse under long days to examine variation in biomass, height growth, net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), intrinsic water-use efficiency (A/gs), photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), leaf and stemwood 13C/12C isotope ratios (δ13C), stomatal density (Ds), and leaf amphistomaticity. There were no significant differences in A, PNUE, biomass, or height growth between species. On average, black cottonwood had lower gs and Ds, but higher A/gs and δ13C. Variation within provenances, in most traits, exceeded variation between species or provenances. δ13C and A/gs were highly correlated across all genotypes. Variation in A/gs seemed primarily related to gs, although positive correlations were found between δ13C and A in the P. balsamifera populations, which more generally met expectations for sink-driven differences in water-use efficiency. There is potential to identify fast-growing genotypes with relatively high use efficiencies for both water and nitrogen.

Variation in leaf epidermal and stomatal traits of Populus trichocarpa from two transects across the Washington Cascades

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Dunlap ◽  
R F Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Stomatal Traits ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
River Valleys

Epidermal and stomatal cell traits were examined on late leaves of 40 black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) clones originating from the mesic Nisqually, and xeric Yakima river valleys of Washington. Four leaves per clone were collected from 1-year-old trees in two replicated common gardens located in Puyallup (western Washington) and Wenatchee (eastern Washington). In Puyallup-grown material, Yakima clones had abaxially 14% smaller epidermal cell diameters (CDIAM) and 27% greater cell densities (CDEN; No. per mm2), and 25% smaller leaves than Nisqually clones (p [Formula: see text] 0.03). Abaxial stomatal densities (STDEN; No. per mm2) were highest (206) in the lower elevation, xeric-origin Yakima clones, as compared with an average of 120 in Nisqually clones. A higher proportion of Yakima leaves had shorter stomates than those from the Nisqually at both sites (p [Formula: see text] 0.002). Besides shorter stomates (p [Formula: see text] 0.030), the lower elevation Yakima clones generally had higher STDEN and ratios of STDEN to CDEN than those clones from the upper group (p [Formula: see text] 0.098). Acclimation of Wenatchee-grown clones to the hotter, drier summer climate was also evident, as they generally had smaller CDIAM, and higher CDEN and STDEN than those grown at Puyallup. Genetic variances (among rivers, groups within river, and clones within group within river) ranged from 42 to 84% with clone being dominant for epidermal traits while the other two components were dominant for stomatal traits. In the Yakima leaves, much of the genetic variance (group and clone within group) resided in the group component. Broad-sense heritabilities averaged 72%, indicating moderately strong genetic control in most traits. This study provides further evidence of genetic variation in P. trichocarpa at the regional and local scales across the Washington Cascades.Key words: Populus trichocarpa, black cottonwood, stomata, adaptation, acclimation, genetic variation.

scholarly journals Recent Warming-Induced Tree Growth Enhancement at the Tibetan Treeline and the Link to Improved Water-Use Efficiency

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Xing Pu ◽  
Xiaochun Wang ◽  
Lixin Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Elevation Forests

Tree growth in high-elevation forests may increase as a result of increasing temperatures and CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere (Ca). However, the pattern and the physiological mechanism on how these two factors interact to affect tree growth are still poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in radial growth and tree-ring δ13C for Picea and Abies trees growing in both treeline and lower-elevation forests on the Tibetan Plateau. We found that the tree growth at the treeline has significantly accelerated during the past several decades but has remained largely stable or slightly declined at lower elevations. Further results based on tree-ring δ13C suggest that intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) was generally higher at the treeline than in lower-elevation forests, although increasing trends of iWUE existed for all sites. This study demonstrated that the synergetic effects of elevated Ca and increasing temperatures have increased tree growth at the treeline but may not lead to enhanced tree growth in lower-elevation forests due to drought stress. These results demonstrate the elevational dependence of tree growth responses to climatic changes in high-elevation forests from a physiologically meaningful perspective.

Geographic variation in ecophysiological traits of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa)This article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemma L. Gornall ◽  
Robert D. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Variation in traits related to photosynthesis and water-use were examined within and between geographic sources (provenances) of black cottonwood in two range-wide common garden experiments in British Columbia, Canada. In the first experiment, CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), instantaneous intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), stomatal density, specific leaf area, growth height, and foliar N were measured on five 2-year-old trees of 20 clones from five widely separated provenances (i.e., 4 clones per source). Leaf disks were analysed for stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) to provide a more long-term measure of WUE. Photosynthetic rate per unit leaf nitrogen was used as a measure of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A differed between (p < 0.001), but not within provenances, and increased with latitude of origin (R2 = 0.70). NUE and WUEi also varied between (p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively), but not within provenances. In contrast, no variation among provenances was detected for δ13C, but there were strong differences between clones within provenances (p < 0.001). Variation in A was well correlated with foliar nitrogen, gs, and stomatal density and adaxial:abaxial distribution ratio; hence, WUEi, δ13C and NUE were mostly unrelated to latitude or associated climate variables. Species-wide patterns in stomatal density and distribution were confirmed in the second experiment which utilized 140 clones. Stomatal density on the adaxial (but not the abaxial) leaf surface was strongly correlated with latitude (p <0.001). We speculate that northern provenances may have inherently higher A and gs to compensate for shorter growing seasons.

scholarly journals The Influence of Several Transpiration Suppressants on Transpiration, Photosynthesis, and Water-Use Efficiency of Cotton Leaves

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Slatyer ◽  
JF Bierhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Use Efficiency

The influence of transpiration suppressants on transpiration and apparent photosynthesis of cotton leaves was investigated under moderate and high light intensity (7'5 and 22�5x 104 erg cm-2 sec-I) and low windspeed (1-5 and 3�1 em sec-I) conditions. The substances used were Adol 52 (n formulation of cetyl alcohol), OED Green (a formulation of oxyethylene docosanol), 8�600 (n plastic transplanting spray), and phenyl mercuric acetate.

Increasing intrinsic water-use efficiency over the past 160 years does not stimulate tree growth in southeastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Guo ◽  
K Fang ◽  
J Li ◽  
HW Linderholm ◽  
D Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

A comparative appraisal of urea super granule application in raised bed and prilled urea application in conventional planting for transplanted boro rice (Oryza sativa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 822-832
Author(s):  
Halim Mahmud Bhuyan ◽  
Most. Razina Ferdousi ◽  
Mohammad Toufiq Iqbal ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Boro Rice

Utilization of urea super granule (USG) with raised bed cultivation system for transplanted boro (winter, irrigated) rice production is a major concern now days. A field experiment was conducted in the chuadanga district of Bangladesh to compare the two cultivation methods: deep placement of USG on raised bed with boro rice, and prilled urea (PU) broadcasting in conventional planting. Results showed that USG in raised bed planting increased grain yields of transplanted boro rice by up to 18.18% over PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in raised bed planting increased the number of panicle m-2, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grains weight of boro rice than the PU in conventional planting. Better plant growth was observed by deep placement of USG in raised bed planting compared to PU in conventional planting. Sterility percentage and weed infestation were lower on USG in raised bed planting compared to the PU in conventional planting methods. Forty seven percent irrigation water and application time could be saved by USG in raised bed planting than PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in bed saved N fertilizer consumption over conventional planting. Water use efficiency for grain and biomass production was higher with deep placement of USG in bed planting than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting methods. Similarly, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer by USG in bed planting was significantly higher than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting. This study concluded that deep placement of USG in raised bed planting for transplanted boro rice is a new approach to achieve fertilizer and water use efficiency as well as higher yield and less water input compared to existing agronomic practices in Bangladesh.

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