scholarly journals The Influence of Several Transpiration Suppressants on Transpiration, Photosynthesis, and Water-Use Efficiency of Cotton Leaves

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Slatyer ◽  
JF Bierhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Use Efficiency

The influence of transpiration suppressants on transpiration and apparent photosynthesis of cotton leaves was investigated under moderate and high light intensity (7'5 and 22�5x 104 erg cm-2 sec-I) and low windspeed (1-5 and 3�1 em sec-I) conditions. The substances used were Adol 52 (n formulation of cetyl alcohol), OED Green (a formulation of oxyethylene docosanol), 8�600 (n plastic transplanting spray), and phenyl mercuric acetate.

Response of Gas Exchange and Water Use Efficiency to Light Intensity and Temperature in Transgenic Rice Expressing PEPC and PPDK Genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1312-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bian-jiang ZHANG ◽  
Quan-zhan CHEN ◽  
Chun HUA ◽  
Feng ZHOU ◽  
Quan-chen ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Phenotyping stomatal closure by thermal imaging for GWAS and TWAS of water use efficiency-related genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Pignon ◽  
Samuel Fernandes ◽  
Ravi Valluru ◽  
Nonoy Bandillo ◽  
Roberto Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency

Stomata allow CO2 uptake by leaves for photosynthetic assimilation at the cost of water vapor loss to the atmosphere. The opening and closing of stomata in response to fluctuations in light intensity regulate CO2 and water fluxes and are essential to maintenance of water-use efficiency (WUE). However, little is known about the genetic basis for natural variation in stomatal movement, especially in C4 crops. This is partly because the stomatal response to a change in light intensity is difficult to measure at the scale required for association studies. High-throughput thermal imaging was used to bypass the phenotyping bottleneck and assess 10 traits describing stomatal conductance (gs) before, during and after a stepwise decrease in light intensity for a diversity panel of 659 sorghum accessions. Results from thermal imaging significantly correlated with photosynthetic gas-exchange measurements. gs traits varied substantially across the population and were moderately heritable (h2 up to 0.72). An integrated genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association study (GWAS/TWAS) identified candidate genes putatively driving variation in stomatal conductance traits. Of the 239 unique candidate genes identified with greatest confidence, 77 were orthologs of Arabidopsis genes related to functions implicated in WUE, including stomatal opening/closing (24 genes), stomatal/epidermal cell development (35 genes), leaf/vasculature development (12 genes), or chlorophyll metabolism/photosynthesis (8 genes). These findings demonstrate an approach to finding genotype-to-phenotype relationships for a challenging trait as well as candidate genes for further investigation of the genetic basis of WUE in a model C4 grass for bioenergy, food, and forage production.

Improved growth and water use efficiency of cherry saplings under reduced light intensity

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Centritto ◽  
Francesco Loreto ◽  
Angelo Massacci ◽  
Fabrizio Pietrini ◽  
Maria C. Villani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Light

scholarly journals CO2 enrichment and increasing light intensity till a threshold level, enhance growth and water use efficiency of lettuce plants in controlled environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2244-2262
Author(s):  
Maryam ESMAILI ◽  
Sasan ALINIAEIFARD ◽  
Mahmoud MASHAL ◽  
Parisa GHORBANZADEH ◽  
Mehdi SEIF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Use Efficiency

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and light intensity are the two main environmental drivers known to play important roles in crop growth and yield. In the current study, lettuce seedlings were exposed to four different light intensities [(75, 150, 300 and 600 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD)] and four different concentrations of CO2 (400, 800, 1200 and 1600 ppm). By increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration growth parameters such as fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area were stepwise increased from 75 to 300 PPFD and from 400 ppm to 1200 ppm CO2 concentration. Maximum fresh weight was observed in 300 PPFD under both 1200 ppm and 1600 ppm CO2 concentrations. Highest dry weight was obtained in plants exposed to 300 and 600 PPFD under both 1200 and 1600 ppm CO2 concentrations. Highest leaf area was detected in 300 PPFD under both 1200 and 1600 ppm CO2 concentrations. Widest stomatal pore aperture was detected in 600 PPFD under 400 ppm and 800 ppm CO2 concentrations. Evapotranspiration increased in a light intensity and CO2 concentration-dependent manner; higher light intensity or higher CO2 concentration, more evapotranspiration. Highest water use efficiency (WUE) was achieved in plants exposed to 300 PPFD under 1200 ppm CO2 concentration. In conclusion, to achieve best growth performance and WUE, lettuce should be produced under 300 PPFD light intensity and 1200 ppm CO2.

Effect of mulches and transpiration suppressants on yield, water use efficiency and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by sorghum under dryland conditions of north-western India

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raghavulu ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
Western India ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYField experiments consisting of three mulch treatments (no mulch, straw mulch and dust mulch) and six transpiration suppressants (no suppressant, kaolin, phenyl mercuric acetate, atrazine, mobileaf or alachlor and 2-chloro ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) were conducted under dryland conditions during the summer rainy seasons (July–November) of 1976, 1977 and 1978. Compared with no mulch, straw mulch increased yield in all 3 years, water use efficiency in 1977 and 1978, and uptake of N and of P in 1977 and 1978. Dust mulch had only a marginal advantage. Amongst transpiration suppressants, only kaolin and atrazine had a marked effect. Both these chemicals increased grain yield, water use efficiency and uptake of N and P, compared with no suppressant.

Effect of Soil pH, Soil Water, Light Intensity, and Temperature on Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Growth of perennial sowthistle was examined under different levels of soil pH, soil moisture content, light intensity, and temperature. Soil pH ranging from 5.2 to 7.2 had little effect on the number of leaves, rosette diameter, plant height, and number of capitula. However, total dry weight was 30% less in plants grown in soil of pH 5.2 compared to those grown at higher soil pH levels. Perennial sowthistle demonstrated a consistent positive growth response to increasing soil water including saturation. Severe reduction in vegetative and reproductive growth occurred in plants grown in soil below field capacity. Plants grown under full light (1015 μE m−2s−1photosynthetic photon flux density) developed a fourfold increase in the number of capitula per plant and a 50% increase in total dry weight compared to plants grown at 285 μE m−2s−1. Initiation of reproduction was delayed 4 weeks for plants grown at 580 μE m−2s−1and 285 μE m−2s−1. Plants grown under less than full light developed fewer but larger leaves. Plants grown under a day/night temperature of 20/15 C grew more rapidly than those under 30/25 C or 10/5 C. Plants at 30/25 C began to senesce 7 to 8 weeks after planting. Net carbon assimilation, leaf conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency decreased as soil moisture and light intensity decreased. Plants at 30/25 C had the highest rate of transpiration and the lowest water use efficiency. The observed optimum for perennial sowthistle growth occurred at a soil pH of 6.2 or 7.2, water-saturated soil, high light intensity, and a temperature of 20/15 C, day/night.

Intraspecific variation in photosynthetic traits of Populus trichocarpa

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Dunlap ◽  
J. H. Braatne ◽  
T. M. Hinckley ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
High Light ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
River Valleys

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate net photosynthesis in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torrey & Gray) from mesic and xeric regions of Washington. In 1986, six clones each from the lower Nisqually (mesic) and Yakima (xeric) river valleys and growing in a common garden were measured for their photosynthetic rates. On 2 clear days in summer, Yakima clones had significantly (p ≤ 0.10) higher rates (means: 32 and 25μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) than Nisqually clones (means: 25 and 22μmol CO2 m−2 s−1). The next year, cuttings from these clones were potted, grown separately for 2 months in a maritime (Puyallup, Wash.) and a continental climate (Wenatchee, Wash.), and then transferred to growth chambers in Seattle, Wash. Photosynthetic rates were determined at four light levels (200, 500, 800, and 1500 μmol m−2 s−1) and two temperatures (24 and 32 °C). Yakima plants had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher rates at high light (20μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) and also at moderate light in high temperature than Nisqually plants (16 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in high light). Significant acclimation (p ≤ 0.01) was also revealed: at the two moderate light levels in high temperatures the Wenatchee-grown plants, regardless of source, had higher rates than those grown at Puyallup. In 1991, eight clones from the lower elevation, xeric region of the Yakima and eight from the upper elevation, mesic region were selected in a Puyallup stoolbed, and their photosynthesis and water-use efficiency were measured on a clear summer day. Lower elevation plants had a higher photosynthetic rate than those from the upper elevations along the Yakima; values were similar to those of 1986. The pattern for water-use efficiency was reversed; values were 56 μmol CO2/mol H2O for the lower and 84 μmol CO2/mol H2O for the upper Yakima plants. These three experiments provide evidence for significant genetic variation in photosynthetic processes both between and within river valleys. Key words: Populus trichocarpa, black cottonwood, poplar, photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, adaptation.

scholarly journals The impact of stomatal kinetics on diurnal photosynthesis and water use efficiency under fluctuating light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eyland ◽  
Jelle van Wesemael ◽  
Tracy Lawson ◽  
Sebastien Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDynamic light conditions require continuous adjustments of stomatal aperture. As stomatal conductance (gs) kinetics are a magnitude slower than photosynthesis (A), they are hypothesized to be key to plant productivity and water use efficiency. Using step-changes in light intensity, we studied the diversity of light-induced gs kinetics in relation to stomatal anatomy in five banana genotypes (Musa spp.) and modelled the impact on A and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Banana generally exhibited a strong limitation of A by gs, indicating a priority for water saving. Significant genotypic differences in gs kinetics and gs-based limitations of A were observed. For two contrasting genotypes the impact of differential gs kinetics on A and iWUE was further investigated under realistic diurnally fluctuating light conditions and at whole-plant level. Genotype-specific stomatal kinetics observed at the leaf level were corroborated at whole-plant level, suggesting that despite differences in gs control at different locations in the leaf and across leaves, genotype-specific responses are still maintained. However, under diurnally fluctuating light conditions gs speediness had only a momentary impact on the diurnal iWUE and carbon gain. During the afternoon there was a setback in kinetics: the absolute gs and the gs responses to light were damped, strongly limiting A and the diurnal iWUE. We conclude that the impact of the differential gs kinetics on the limitation of A was dependent on the target light intensity, the magnitude of change, the gs prior to the intensity change and particularly the time of the day.One sentence summaryGenotype-specific stomatal rapidity is for the first time validated at whole-plant level, but under fluctuating light the impact of stomatal dynamics depends on other factors like the time of the day.

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