Biocontrol potential of rust of groundnut by Acremonium obclavatum

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jayapal Gowdu ◽  
R. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Groundnut Rust ◽  
Potential Use

Acremonium obclavatum was frequently found associated with pustules of the rust fungus Puccinia arachidis on groundnut in Madras, India. Inoculation of A. obclavatum before, with, or after inoculation with P. arachidis reduced the number and size of uredosori both on intact and detached leaves of groundnut plants. Treatments with A. obclavatum resulted in reductions in number of pustules and uredospores, delay in maturity and opening of uredosori, and reduced viability of uredospores. The application of culture filtrates of A. obclavatum also reduced the number and size of pustules on intact and detached groundnut leaves. The potential use of A. obclavatum in biological control of groundnut rust is discussed. Key words: groundnut, Arachis hypogaea, groundnut rust, Puccinia arachidis, Acremonium obclavatum, biological control.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Urediniospore Production and Germinability in Puccinia arachidis1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
P. V. Subba Rao ◽  
P. Subrahmanyam ◽  
D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Detached Leaves

Abstract Effect of temperature on urediniospore production in Puccinia arachidis was investigated under monocyclic infection using detached leaves of the susceptible peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar TMV 2. Urediniospores produced at different temperatures were also examined for their germinability in vitro. The optimal temperature for urediniospore production was at about 20 and 25 C. Temperatures below 20 C or above 30 C were highly detrimental to urediniospore production. There were also marked differences in the percent germination of urediniospores produced at different temperatures. Urediniospores produced at 20 and 25 C showed the highest germination percentages. The interaction of temperature with urediniospore production and germinability is important in understanding the development of peanut rust epidemics.

scholarly journals In vitro toxin production by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes R. Duarte ◽  
Simon A. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Detached Leaves

Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis (teleomorph: Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis), causal agent of root rot and stem blight on black pepper (Piper nigrum), produces secondary metabolites with toxigenic properties, capable of inducing vein discoloration in detached leaves and wilting in transpiring microcuttings. Production of F. solani f. sp. piperis (Fsp) toxic metabolites reached a peak after 25 days of static incubation on potato sucrose broth at 25 ºC under illumination. Changes in the pH of the culture filtrate did not alter the effect of toxic metabolites. However, when the pH was changed before the medium had been autoclaved, a more intense biological response was observed, with an optimum at pH 6.0. Isolates that produced red pigments in liquid cultures were more efficient in producing biologically active culture filtrates than those which produced pink coloured or clear filtrates suggesting that these pigments could be related to toxigenic activity. Detached leaves of seven black pepper cultivars and Piper betle showed symptoms of vein discoloration after immersion in autoclaved and non-autoclaved Fsp culture filtrates indicating the thermostable nature of these toxic metabolites.

The potential use of Debaryomyces hansenii for the biological control of pathogenic fungi in food

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Medina-Córdova ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Mendoza ◽  
Luis Guillermo Hernández-Montiel ◽  
Carlos Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potential Use

Is Phasmarhabditis papillosa (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) a possible biological control agent against the Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris (Gastropoda: Arionidae)?

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Žiga Laznik ◽  
Ivana Majić ◽  
Stanislav Trdan ◽  
Antoinette P. Malan ◽  
Annika Pieterse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
First Record ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Arion Vulgaris ◽  
Potential Use

Summary In the period from August to October 2018, 140 specimens of the Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris, were collected from Podbrezje, Slovenia. Slugs were dissected and examined for the presence of parasitic nematodes within the cadavers. Identification of the nematodes was conducted using morphological and molecular techniques and confirmed the presence of Phasmarhabditis papillosa. This is the first record of P. papillosa from the mollusc host, A. vulgaris. Laboratory experiments aimed at testing the efficacy of P. papillosa against A. vulgaris were conducted using nematodes grown in vivo. Nematodes were applied at concentration rates of 50, 100 and 200 nematodes slug−1, respectively. Three weeks following treatment, the mortality of slugs was confirmed in all treatments (50 nematodes slug−1, 37.4 ± 2.7%; 100 nematodes slug−1, 48.4 ± 2.7%; 200 nematodes slug−1, 50.6 ± 2.7%). However, the pathogenesis of P. papillosa was observed first in the treatments with the lowest nematode dose at 4 days after treatments, while a decrease in the feeding behaviour of slugs was noted first in the treatments with the highest nematode dose. Future opportunities for the potential use of P. papillosa as a biological control agent against slugs are discussed. This is the first report of P. papillosa from Slovenia, and of its virulence against A. vulgaris.

Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 429-472
Author(s):  
Dan Funck Jensen ◽  
◽  
Mukesh Dubey ◽  
Birgit Jensen ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence ◽  
Potential Use

The fungus Clonostachys rosea was recognized as an aggressive parasite on other fungi already in the late 1950s. Research into its potential use in biological control of plant diseases soon followed. Today, there are several commercial products based on C. rosea available for biocontrol applications worldwide. Although its mycoparasitic ability has attracted a lot of interest, C. rosea is now viewed as an ecological generalist whose lifestyle also includes plant endophytism, rhizosphere competence and polyphagous ability. Protocols for producing high amounts of C. rosea spores are available for both solid state and liquid fermentation. Low temperature and low moisture content are key factors that influence the shelf life of C. rosea propagules. Products based on C. rosea can be delivered to flowers using bumble bees, applied by spraying or as seed dressing or by incorporation into the soil. Clonostachys rosea is today an established factor in sustainable plant protection strategies.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera: A short review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
I.A. Raubilu ◽  
U. Isah ◽  
M.A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is well – known for its various medicinal properties. It grows wild in the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In Nigeria, Moringa oleifera trees are planted at a large scale especially in the northern part of the country. It has been widely used in the treatment of certain diseases as a traditional medicinal herb. Antimicrobial activity is the most studied property of Moringa oleifera. Many studies have shown that nearly all types of Moringa oleifera tissues exhibit antimicrobial activity including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti parasitic property. This review describes progress on research conducted to understand the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera and discusses the potential use of Moringa oleifera in the control of pathogenic microbes. Key words: Antimicrobial activity; Moringa oleifera; pathogenic microbes, control.  

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